White lie-telling in children for politeness purposes

International Journal of Behavioral Development

Volumn 31, Issue 1, 2007, Pages 1-11

  Talwar, Victoria ^a   Murphy, Susan M ^b   Lee, Kang ^c  

^a MCGILL UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITY OF NEW BRUNSWICK   (Canada)

^c UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

Author keywords

Children; Expressive display rules; Honesty; Lying; Prosocial behavior; Verbal deception

Indexed keywords

AGE DISTRIBUTION; ARTICLE; CHILD; CHILD BEHAVIOR; CHILD PARENT RELATION; CONTROLLED STUDY; DECISION MAKING; FACIAL EXPRESSION; FEMALE; HONESTY; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; MALE; NORMAL HUMAN; REINFORCEMENT; SEX DIFFERENCE; SOCIAL ATTITUDE; VERBAL BEHAVIOR; VERBALIZATION;

EID: 33846217368     PISSN: 01650254     EISSN: 14640651     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0165025406073530     Document Type: Article

References (37)

1. Barnes, J.A. (1994). A pack of lies: Toward the sociology of lying. New York: Cambridge University Press.
2. Chandler, M., Fritz, A.S., & Hala, S. (1989). Small-scale deceit: Deception as a marker of two three, and four-year-olds' early theories of mind. Child Development, 60, 1263-1277.
3. Cole, P. (1986). Children's spontaneous control of facial expression. Child Development, 57, 1309-1321.
4. Davis, T.L. (1995). Gender differences in masking negative emotions: Ability or motivation? Developmental Psychology, 31, 660-667.
5. DePaulo, B.M., & Bell, K.L. (1996). Truth and investment: Lies are told to those who care. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 71, 703-716.
6. DePaulo, B.M., & Jordan, A. (1982). Age changes in deceiving and detecting deceit. In R.S. Feldman (Ed.), Development of non-verbal behavior in children (pp. 151-180). New York: Springer-Verlag.
7. DePaulo, B.M., & Kashy, D.A. (1998). Everyday lies in close and casual relationships. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 74, 63-79.
8. Ekman, P. (1985). Telling lies: Clues to deceit in the marketplace, politics and marriage. New York: Norton.
9. Ekman, P., & Friesen, W. (1969). The repertoire of nonverbal behavior: Categories, origins, usage, and coding. Semiotica, 1, 49-98.
10. Ekman, P., & Friesen, W.V. (1975). Unmasking the face: A guide to recognizing emotions from facial clues. New York: Prentice-Hall.
11. Ekman, P., & Friesen, W.V. (1978). Facial Action Coding System: A technique for measurement of facial movement. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.
12. Ekman, P., Freisen, W., & Ellsworth, P. (1972). Emotion in the human face. New York: Pergamon.
13. Fabes, R.A., Eisenberg, N., Karbon, M., Bernzweig, J., Speer, A.L., & Carlo, G. (1994). Socialization of children's vicarious emotional responding and prosocial behavior: Relations with mothers' perceptions of children's emotional reactivity. Developmental Psychology, 30, 44-55.
14. Feldman, R.S., Jenkins, L., & Popoola, O. (1979). Detection of deception in adults and children via facial expressions. Child Development, 50, 350-355.
15. Fuchs, D., & Thelen, M.H. (1988). Children's expected interpersonal consequences of communicating their affective state and reported likelihood of expression. Child Development, 59, 1314-1322.
16. Garner, P.W., & Power, T.G. (1996) Preschoolers' emotional control in the disappointment paradigm and its relation to temperament, emotional knowledge, and family expressiveness. Child Development, 67, 1406-1419.
17. Gordon, H., Talwar, V,. & Lee, K. (2005). Deception detection: Verbal and non-verbal cues in children between 7 and 11 years of age. Paper presented at the American Psychological Law Society Annual Conference, March 2005. San Diego, CA.
18. Grice, H.P. (1980). Studies in the way of words. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
19. Izard, C. (1979). The maximally discriminative facial movement coding system. Newark, DE: University of Delaware.
20. Jones, D.C., Abbey, B.B., & Cumberland, A. (1998). The development of display rule knowledge: Linkages with family expressiveness and social competence. Child Development, 69, 1209-1222.
21. Lakoff, R. (1973). The logic of politeness: Or minding your P's and Q's. In Papers presented at the Ninth Regional Meeting of the Chicago Linguistic Society (pp. 292-305). Chicago: Chicago Linguistics Society.
22. Leach, A.M., Talwar, V., Lee, K., Bala, N., & Lindsay, R.C.L. (2004). Intuitive lie detection of children's deception by law enforcement officials and university students. Law & Human Behavior, 28, 661-685.
23. Lewis, M., & Michalson, L. (1985). Faces as signs and symbols. In G. Zivin (Ed.), Development of expressive behavior: Biology-environmental interaction (pp. 153-182). New York: Academic Press.
24. Lewis, M., Stanger, C., & Sullivan, M.W. (1989). Deception in 3-year-olds. Developmental Psychology, 25, 439-443.
25. Menard, S. (2002). Applied logistic regression analysis (2nd ed.). Series: Quantitative applications in the social sciences, No. 106. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
26. Newton, P., Reddy, V., & Bull, R. (2000). Children's everyday deception and performance on false-belief tasks. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 19, 297-317.
27. Peskin, J. (1992). Ruse and representations: On children's ability to conceal information. Developmental Psychology, 28, 84-89.
28. Polak, A., & Harris, P.L. (1999). Deception by young children following noncompliance. Developmental Psychology, 35, 561-568.
29. Saarni, C. (1979). Children's understanding of display rules for expressive behavior. Developmental Psychology, 15, 424-429.
30. Saarni, C. (1984). An observational study of children's attempts to monitor their expressive behavior. Child Development, 55, 1504-1513.
31. Saarni, C. (1992). Children's emotional-expressive behaviors as regulators of others' happy and sad emotional states. In N. Eisenberg & R.A. Fabes (Eds.), Emotion and its regulation in early development. New directions for child development, No. 55: The Jossey-Bass education series (pp. 91-106). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
32. Saarni, C., & von Salisch, M. (1993). The socialization of emotional dissemblance. In M. Lewis & C. Saarni (Eds.), Lying and deception in everyday life (pp. 106-125). New York: Guildford Press.
33. Sweetser, E. (1987). The definition of "lie". An examination of the folk models underlying a semantic prototype. In D. Hollard & N. Quinn (Eds.), Cultural models in language and thought. New York: Cambridge University Press.
34. Talwar, V., & Lee, K. (2002a). The development of lying to conceal a transgression: Children's control of expressive behavior during verbal deception. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 26, 436-444.
35. Talwar, V., & Lee, K. (2002b). Emergence of white lie-telling in children between 3 and 7 years of age. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 48, 160-181.
36. Talwar, V., Lee, K., Lindsay, R.C.L., & Bala, N. (2004). Children's lie-telling to conceal a parent's transgression: Legal implications. Law and Human Behavior, 28, 411-435.
37. Wilson, A.E., Smith, M.D., & Ross, H.D. (2003). The nature and effects of young children's lies. Social Development, 12, 21-45.