메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 24, Issue 1, 2007, Pages 63-72

Long-term effects of leisure time physical activity on risk of insulin resistance and impaired glucose tolerance, allowing for body weight history, in Danish men

Author keywords

BMI; IGT; Insulin; Physical activity

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ADULTHOOD; ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION; ARTICLE; BODY MASS; BODY WEIGHT; CONTROLLED STUDY; EDUCATION; FAMILY HISTORY; HUMAN; IMPAIRED GLUCOSE TOLERANCE; INSULIN RESISTANCE; LEISURE; LONGITUDINAL STUDY; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; OBESITY; ORAL GLUCOSE TOLERANCE TEST; PHYSICAL ACTIVITY; QUESTIONNAIRE; RISK ASSESSMENT; SMOKING HABIT;

EID: 33846203008     PISSN: 07423071     EISSN: 14645491     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2007.01991.x     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (14)

References (50)
  • 2
    • 15444359998 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predictors of progression from impaired glucose tolerance to NIDDM: An analysis of six prospective studies
    • Edelstein SL, Knowler WC, Bain RP, Andres R, Barrett-Connor EL, Dowse GK et al. Predictors of progression from impaired glucose tolerance to NIDDM: an analysis of six prospective studies. Diabetes 1997; 46: 701-710.
    • (1997) Diabetes , vol.46 , pp. 701-710
    • Edelstein, S.L.1    Knowler, W.C.2    Bain, R.P.3    Andres, R.4    Barrett-Connor, E.L.5    Dowse, G.K.6
  • 3
    • 0027762766 scopus 로고
    • Insulin resistance and insulin secretory dysfunction as precursors of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Prospective studies of Pima Indians
    • Lillioja S, Mott DM, Spraul M, Ferraro R, Foley JE, Ravussin E et al. Insulin resistance and insulin secretory dysfunction as precursors of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Prospective studies of Pima Indians. N Engl J Med 1993; 329: 1988-1992.
    • (1993) N Engl J Med , vol.329 , pp. 1988-1992
    • Lillioja, S.1    Mott, D.M.2    Spraul, M.3    Ferraro, R.4    Foley, J.E.5    Ravussin, E.6
  • 4
    • 0023604784 scopus 로고
    • Effect of physical training on insulin action in obesity
    • DeFronzo RA, Sherwin RS, Kraemer N. Effect of physical training on insulin action in obesity. Diabetes 1987; 36: 1379-1385.
    • (1987) Diabetes , vol.36 , pp. 1379-1385
    • DeFronzo, R.A.1    Sherwin, R.S.2    Kraemer, N.3
  • 5
    • 0022523667 scopus 로고
    • Effects of exercise on glucose tolerance and insulin resistance. Brief review and some preliminary results
    • Holloszy JO, Schultz J, Kusnierkiewicz J, Hagberg JM, Ehsani AA. Effects of exercise on glucose tolerance and insulin resistance. Brief review and some preliminary results. Acta Med Scand Suppl 1986; 711: 55-65.
    • (1986) Acta Med Scand Suppl , vol.711 , pp. 55-65
    • Holloszy, J.O.1    Schultz, J.2    Kusnierkiewicz, J.3    Hagberg, J.M.4    Ehsani, A.A.5
  • 7
    • 0037349073 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Study on Lifestyle Intervention and Impaired Glucose Tolerance Maastricht (SLIM): Preliminary results after one year
    • Mensink M, Feskens EJ, Saris WH, De Bruin TW, Blaak EE. Study on Lifestyle Intervention and Impaired Glucose Tolerance Maastricht (SLIM): preliminary results after one year. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2003; 27: 377-384.
    • (2003) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord , vol.27 , pp. 377-384
    • Mensink, M.1    Feskens, E.J.2    Saris, W.H.3    De Bruin, T.W.4    Blaak, E.E.5
  • 8
    • 0030935652 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of diet and exercise in preventing NIDDM in people with impaired glucose tolerance. The Da Qing IGT and Diabetes Study
    • Pan XR, Li GW, Hu YH, Wang JX, Yang WY, An ZX et al. Effects of diet and exercise in preventing NIDDM in people with impaired glucose tolerance. The Da Qing IGT and Diabetes Study. Diabetes Care 1997; 20: 537-544.
    • (1997) Diabetes Care , vol.20 , pp. 537-544
    • Pan, X.R.1    Li, G.W.2    Hu, Y.H.3    Wang, J.X.4    Yang, W.Y.5    An, Z.X.6
  • 9
    • 0035799806 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus by changes in lifestyle among subjects with impaired glucose tolerance
    • Tuomilehto J, Lindstrom J, Eriksson JG, Valle TT, Hamalainen H, Ilanne-Parikka P et al. Prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus by changes in lifestyle among subjects with impaired glucose tolerance. N Engl J Med 2001; 344: 1343-1350.
    • (2001) N Engl J Med , vol.344 , pp. 1343-1350
    • Tuomilehto, J.1    Lindstrom, J.2    Eriksson, J.G.3    Valle, T.T.4    Hamalainen, H.5    Ilanne-Parikka, P.6
  • 10
    • 0029788066 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increase in fasting insulin and glucose over seven years with increasing weight and inactivity of young adults. The CARDIA Study. Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults
    • Folsom AR, Jacobs DR Jr, Wagenknecht LE, Winkhart SP, Yunis C, Hilner JE et al. Increase in fasting insulin and glucose over seven years with increasing weight and inactivity of young adults. The CARDIA Study. Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults. Am J Epidemiol 1996; 144: 235-246.
    • (1996) Am J Epidemiol , vol.144 , pp. 235-246
    • Folsom, A.R.1    Jacobs Jr, D.R.2    Wagenknecht, L.E.3    Winkhart, S.P.4    Yunis, C.5    Hilner, J.E.6
  • 11
    • 0031452616 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship between changes in physical activity and plasma insulin during a 2.5-year follow-up study
    • Rankinen T, Suomela-Markkanen T, Vaisanen S, Helminen A, Penttila I, Berg A et al. Relationship between changes in physical activity and plasma insulin during a 2.5-year follow-up study. Metabolism 1997; 46: 1418-1423.
    • (1997) Metabolism , vol.46 , pp. 1418-1423
    • Rankinen, T.1    Suomela-Markkanen, T.2    Vaisanen, S.3    Helminen, A.4    Penttila, I.5    Berg, A.6
  • 12
    • 0026758264 scopus 로고
    • Environmental and familial contributions to insulin levels and change in insulin levels in middle-aged women
    • Wing RR, Matthews KA, Kuller LH, Smith D, Becker D, Plantinga PL et al. Environmental and familial contributions to insulin levels and change in insulin levels in middle-aged women. J Am Med Assoc 1992; 268: 1890-1895.
    • (1992) J Am Med Assoc , vol.268 , pp. 1890-1895
    • Wing, R.R.1    Matthews, K.A.2    Kuller, L.H.3    Smith, D.4    Becker, D.5    Plantinga, P.L.6
  • 13
    • 0032804193 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The protective effect of good physical fitness when young on the risk of impaired glucose tolerance when old
    • Takemura Y, Kikuchi S, Inaba Y, Yasuda H, Nakagawa K. The protective effect of good physical fitness when young on the risk of impaired glucose tolerance when old. Prev Med 1999; 28: 14-19.
    • (1999) Prev Med , vol.28 , pp. 14-19
    • Takemura, Y.1    Kikuchi, S.2    Inaba, Y.3    Yasuda, H.4    Nakagawa, K.5
  • 15
    • 0036897643 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Correlates of adults' participation in physical activity: Review and update
    • Trost SG, Owen N, Bauman AE, Sallis JF, Brown W. Correlates of adults' participation in physical activity: review and update. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2002; 34: 1996-2001.
    • (2002) Med Sci Sports Exerc , vol.34 , pp. 1996-2001
    • Trost, S.G.1    Owen, N.2    Bauman, A.E.3    Sallis, J.F.4    Brown, W.5
  • 16
    • 24044509482 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term influences of body-weight changes, independent of the attained weight, on risk of impaired glucose tolerance and Type 2diabetes
    • Black E, Holst C, Astrup A, Toubro S, Echwald S, Pedersen O et al. Long-term influences of body-weight changes, independent of the attained weight, on risk of impaired glucose tolerance and Type 2diabetes. Diabet Med 2005; 22: 1199-1205.
    • (2005) Diabet Med , vol.22 , pp. 1199-1205
    • Black, E.1    Holst, C.2    Astrup, A.3    Toubro, S.4    Echwald, S.5    Pedersen, O.6
  • 17
    • 0022602794 scopus 로고
    • Effect of past and concurrent body mass index on prevalence of glucose intolerance and type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes and on insulin response. The Israel study of glucose intolerance, obesity and hypertension
    • Modan M, Karasik A, Halkin H, Fuchs Z, Lusky A, Shitrit A et al. Effect of past and concurrent body mass index on prevalence of glucose intolerance and type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes and on insulin response. The Israel study of glucose intolerance, obesity and hypertension. Diabetologia 1986; 29: 82-89.
    • (1986) Diabetologia , vol.29 , pp. 82-89
    • Modan, M.1    Karasik, A.2    Halkin, H.3    Fuchs, Z.4    Lusky, A.5    Shitrit, A.6
  • 18
    • 0942279546 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physical activity in relation to development and maintenance of obesity in men with and without juvenile onset obesity
    • Bak H, Petersen L, Sørensen TIA. Physical activity in relation to development and maintenance of obesity in men with and without juvenile onset obesity. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2004; 28: 99-104.
    • (2004) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord , vol.28 , pp. 99-104
    • Bak, H.1    Petersen, L.2    Sørensen, T.I.A.3
  • 19
    • 0034289849 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does physical activity prevent weight gain - a systematic review
    • Fogelholm M, Kukkonen-Harjula K. Does physical activity prevent weight gain - a systematic review. Obes Rev 2000; 1: 95-111.
    • (2000) Obes Rev , vol.1 , pp. 95-111
    • Fogelholm, M.1    Kukkonen-Harjula, K.2
  • 20
    • 0942290485 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Longitudinal study of the long-term relation between physical activity and obesity in adults
    • Petersen L, Schnohr P, Sørensen TIA. Longitudinal study of the long-term relation between physical activity and obesity in adults. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2004; 28: 105-112.
    • (2004) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord , vol.28 , pp. 105-112
    • Petersen, L.1    Schnohr, P.2    Sørensen, T.I.A.3
  • 21
    • 0024378587 scopus 로고
    • Independent effects of weight change and attained body weight on prevalence of arterial hypertension in obese and non-obese men
    • Sonne-Holm S, Sørensen TIA, Jensen G, Schnohr P. Independent effects of weight change and attained body weight on prevalence of arterial hypertension in obese and non-obese men. Br Med J 1989; 299: 767-770.
    • (1989) Br Med J , vol.299 , pp. 767-770
    • Sonne-Holm, S.1    Sørensen, T.I.A.2    Jensen, G.3    Schnohr, P.4
  • 22
    • 0024793632 scopus 로고
    • Influence of fatness, intelligence, education and sociodemographic factors on response rate in a health survey
    • Sonne-Holm S, Sørensen TIA, Jensen G, Schnohr P. Influence of fatness, intelligence, education and sociodemographic factors on response rate in a health survey. J Epidemiol Community Health 1989; 43: 369-374.
    • (1989) J Epidemiol Community Health , vol.43 , pp. 369-374
    • Sonne-Holm, S.1    Sørensen, T.I.A.2    Jensen, G.3    Schnohr, P.4
  • 23
    • 0014374738 scopus 로고
    • Physiological analysis of middle-aged and old former athletes. Comparison with still-active athletes of the same ages
    • Saltin B, Grimby G. Physiological analysis of middle-aged and old former athletes. Comparison with still-active athletes of the same ages. Circulation 1968; 38: 1104-1115.
    • (1968) Circulation , vol.38 , pp. 1104-1115
    • Saltin, B.1    Grimby, G.2
  • 25
    • 0343674514 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • All-cause mortality associated with physical activity during leisure time, work, sports, and cycling to work
    • Andersen LB, Schnohr P, Schroll M, Hein HO. All-cause mortality associated with physical activity during leisure time, work, sports, and cycling to work. Arch Intern Med 2000; 160: 1621-1628.
    • (2000) Arch Intern Med , vol.160 , pp. 1621-1628
    • Andersen, L.B.1    Schnohr, P.2    Schroll, M.3    Hein, H.O.4
  • 27
    • 33846259090 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • World Health Organization. Definition, Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus and its Complications. Report of a WHO Consultation Part 1. Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus. WHO/NCD/NCS/99.2. Geneva: World Health Organization, 1999.
    • World Health Organization. Definition, Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus and its Complications. Report of a WHO Consultation Part 1. Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus. WHO/NCD/NCS/99.2. Geneva: World Health Organization, 1999.
  • 28
    • 0032821965 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin sensitivity indices obtained from oral glucose tolerance testing: Comparison with the euglycemic insulin clamp
    • Matsuda M, DeFronzo RA. Insulin sensitivity indices obtained from oral glucose tolerance testing: comparison with the euglycemic insulin clamp. Diabetes Care 1999; 22: 1462-1470.
    • (1999) Diabetes Care , vol.22 , pp. 1462-1470
    • Matsuda, M.1    DeFronzo, R.A.2
  • 29
    • 0031983845 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is fasting insulin concentration inversely associated with rate of weight gain? Contrasting findings from the CARDIA and ARIC study cohorts
    • Folsom AR, Vitelli LL, Lewis CE, Schreiner PJ, Watson RL, Wagenknecht LE. Is fasting insulin concentration inversely associated with rate of weight gain? Contrasting findings from the CARDIA and ARIC study cohorts. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 1998; 22: 48-54.
    • (1998) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord , vol.22 , pp. 48-54
    • Folsom, A.R.1    Vitelli, L.L.2    Lewis, C.E.3    Schreiner, P.J.4    Watson, R.L.5    Wagenknecht, L.E.6
  • 30
    • 0029915938 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship of insulin resistance to weight gain in non-diabetic Asian Indian, Creole, and Chinese Mauritians. Mauritius Non-communicable Disease Study Group
    • Hodge AM, Dowse GK, Alberti KG, Tuomilehto J, Gareeboo H, Zimmet PZ et al. Relationship of insulin resistance to weight gain in non-diabetic Asian Indian, Creole, and Chinese Mauritians. Mauritius Non-communicable Disease Study Group. Metabolism 1996; 45: 627-633.
    • (1996) Metabolism , vol.45 , pp. 627-633
    • Hodge, A.M.1    Dowse, G.K.2    Alberti, K.G.3    Tuomilehto, J.4    Gareeboo, H.5    Zimmet, P.Z.6
  • 31
    • 0032518734 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temporal relations between obesity and insulin: Longitudinal data from the Normative Aging Study
    • Lazarus R, Sparrow D, Weiss S. Temporal relations between obesity and insulin: longitudinal data from the Normative Aging Study. Am J Epidemiol 1998; 147: 173-179.
    • (1998) Am J Epidemiol , vol.147 , pp. 173-179
    • Lazarus, R.1    Sparrow, D.2    Weiss, S.3
  • 32
    • 0037076025 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of impaired glucose tolerance among children and adolescents with marked obesity
    • Sinha R, Fisch G, Teague B, Tamborlane WV, Banyas B, Allen K et al. Prevalence of impaired glucose tolerance among children and adolescents with marked obesity. N Engl J Med 2002; 346: 802-810.
    • (2002) N Engl J Med , vol.346 , pp. 802-810
    • Sinha, R.1    Fisch, G.2    Teague, B.3    Tamborlane, W.V.4    Banyas, B.5    Allen, K.6
  • 33
    • 0035876379 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin resistance precedes weight loss in adults without diabetes: The Rancho Bernardo Study
    • Wedick NM, Mayer-Davis EJ, Wingard DL, Addy CL, Barrett-Connor E. Insulin resistance precedes weight loss in adults without diabetes: the Rancho Bernardo Study. Am J Epidemiol 2001; 153: 1199-1205.
    • (2001) Am J Epidemiol , vol.153 , pp. 1199-1205
    • Wedick, N.M.1    Mayer-Davis, E.J.2    Wingard, D.L.3    Addy, C.L.4    Barrett-Connor, E.5
  • 34
    • 0033081278 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physical activity in elderly subjects with impaired glucose tolerance and newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus
    • Baan CA, Stolk RP, Grobbee DE, Witteman JC, Feskens EJ. Physical activity in elderly subjects with impaired glucose tolerance and newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus. Am J Epidemiol 1999; 149: 219-227.
    • (1999) Am J Epidemiol , vol.149 , pp. 219-227
    • Baan, C.A.1    Stolk, R.P.2    Grobbee, D.E.3    Witteman, J.C.4    Feskens, E.J.5
  • 36
    • 0032481673 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intensity and amount of physical activity in relation to insulin sensitivity: The Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study
    • Mayer-Davis EJ, D'Agostino R Jr, Karter AJ, Haffner SM, Rewers MJ, Saad M et al. Intensity and amount of physical activity in relation to insulin sensitivity: the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study. J Am Med Assoc 1998; 279: 669-674.
    • (1998) J Am Med Assoc , vol.279 , pp. 669-674
    • Mayer-Davis, E.J.1    D'Agostino Jr, R.2    Karter, A.J.3    Haffner, S.M.4    Rewers, M.J.5    Saad, M.6
  • 37
    • 0034662185 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glucose intolerance and physical inactivity: The relative importance of low habitual energy expenditure and cardiorespiratory fitness
    • Wareham NJ, Wong MY, Day NE. Glucose intolerance and physical inactivity: the relative importance of low habitual energy expenditure and cardiorespiratory fitness. Am J Epidemiol 2000; 152: 132-139.
    • (2000) Am J Epidemiol , vol.152 , pp. 132-139
    • Wareham, N.J.1    Wong, M.Y.2    Day, N.E.3
  • 39
    • 0030818365 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of leisure time physical activity with the risk of coronary heart disease, hypertension and diabetes in middle-aged men and women
    • Haapanen N, Miilunpalo S, Vuori I, Oja P, Pasanen M. Association of leisure time physical activity with the risk of coronary heart disease, hypertension and diabetes in middle-aged men and women. Int J Epidemiol 1997; 26: 739-747.
    • (1997) Int J Epidemiol , vol.26 , pp. 739-747
    • Haapanen, N.1    Miilunpalo, S.2    Vuori, I.3    Oja, P.4    Pasanen, M.5
  • 40
    • 0025820742 scopus 로고
    • Physical activity and reduced occurrence of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
    • Helmrich SP, Ragland DR, Leung RW, Paffenbarger RS Jr. Physical activity and reduced occurrence of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med 1991; 325: 147-152.
    • (1991) N Engl J Med , vol.325 , pp. 147-152
    • Helmrich, S.P.1    Ragland, D.R.2    Leung, R.W.3    Paffenbarger Jr., R.S.4
  • 41
    • 0032740874 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Walking compared with vigorous physical activity and risk of type 2 diabetes in women: A prospective study
    • Hu FB, Sigal RJ, Rich-Edwards JW, Colditz GA, Solomon CG, Willett WC et al. Walking compared with vigorous physical activity and risk of type 2 diabetes in women: a prospective study. J Am Med Assoc 1999; 282: 1433-1439.
    • (1999) J Am Med Assoc , vol.282 , pp. 1433-1439
    • Hu, F.B.1    Sigal, R.J.2    Rich-Edwards, J.W.3    Colditz, G.A.4    Solomon, C.G.5    Willett, W.C.6
  • 42
    • 0029922704 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Moderately intense physical activities and high levels of cardiorespiratory fitness reduce the risk of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in middle-aged men
    • Lynch J, Helmrich SP, Lakka TA, Kaplan GA, Cohen RD, Salonen R et al. Moderately intense physical activities and high levels of cardiorespiratory fitness reduce the risk of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in middle-aged men. Arch Intern Med 1996; 156: 1307-1314.
    • (1996) Arch Intern Med , vol.156 , pp. 1307-1314
    • Lynch, J.1    Helmrich, S.P.2    Lakka, T.A.3    Kaplan, G.A.4    Cohen, R.D.5    Salonen, R.6
  • 45
    • 0028947766 scopus 로고
    • Prospective study of risk factors for development of non-insulin dependent diabetes in middle-aged British men
    • Perry IJ, Wannamethee SG, Walker MK, Thomson AG, Whincup PH, Shaper AG. Prospective study of risk factors for development of non-insulin dependent diabetes in middle-aged British men. Br Med J 1995; 310: 560-564.
    • (1995) Br Med J , vol.310 , pp. 560-564
    • Perry, I.J.1    Wannamethee, S.G.2    Walker, M.K.3    Thomson, A.G.4    Whincup, P.H.5    Shaper, A.G.6
  • 47
    • 0036046668 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impaired glucose tolerance and impaired fasting glycaemia: The current status on definition and intervention
    • Unwin N, Shaw J, Zimmet P, Alberti KG. Impaired glucose tolerance and impaired fasting glycaemia: the current status on definition and intervention. Diabet Med 2002; 19: 708-723.
    • (2002) Diabet Med , vol.19 , pp. 708-723
    • Unwin, N.1    Shaw, J.2    Zimmet, P.3    Alberti, K.G.4
  • 48
    • 0033582188 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The association between cardiorespiratory fitness and impaired fasting glucose and type 2 diabetes mellitus in men
    • Wei M, Gibbons LW, Mitchell TL, Kampert JB, Lee CD, Blair SN. The association between cardiorespiratory fitness and impaired fasting glucose and type 2 diabetes mellitus in men. Ann Intern Med 1999; 130: 89-96.
    • (1999) Ann Intern Med , vol.130 , pp. 89-96
    • Wei, M.1    Gibbons, L.W.2    Mitchell, T.L.3    Kampert, J.B.4    Lee, C.D.5    Blair, S.N.6
  • 49
    • 0033678865 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin resistance with aging: Effects of diet and exercise
    • Ryan AS. Insulin resistance with aging: effects of diet and exercise. Sports Med 2000; 30: 327-346.
    • (2000) Sports Med , vol.30 , pp. 327-346
    • Ryan, A.S.1
  • 50
    • 0035428060 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beyond body mass index
    • Prentice AM, Jebb SA. Beyond body mass index. Obes Rev 2001; 2: 141-147.
    • (2001) Obes Rev , vol.2 , pp. 141-147
    • Prentice, A.M.1    Jebb, S.A.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.