Fertility regulation and reproductive health in the millennium development goals: The search for a perfect indicator

American Journal of Public Health

Volumn 97, Issue 1, 2007, Pages 45-51

  Dixon Mueller, Ruth ^b   Germain, Adrienne ^a  

^a International Women's Health Coalition   (United States)

^b NONE   (Costa Rica)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ABORTION; CHILDBIRTH; CONTRACEPTION; FEMALE; FEMALE FERTILITY; GOVERNMENT; HUMAN; MONITORING; MORTALITY; PREVALENCE; REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH; REVIEW; UNITED STATES;

ABORTION, INDUCED; BIRTH RATE; CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS, FEMALE; FAMILY PLANNING SERVICES; FEMALE; FERTILITY; GOVERNMENT AGENCIES; HEALTH PROMOTION; HEALTH SERVICES ACCESSIBILITY; HUMANS; MALE; NEEDS ASSESSMENT; ORGANIZATIONAL OBJECTIVES; PREGNANCY; PREGNANCY, UNPLANNED; PROGRAM EVALUATION; QUALITY INDICATORS, HEALTH CARE; REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH SERVICES; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTORS; SAFETY; UNITED NATIONS; WOMEN'S RIGHTS;

EID: 33846097317     PISSN: 00900036     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2005.068056     Document Type: Review

References (80)

1. Report of the International Conference on Population and Development, Cairo, 5-13 September 1994, Sales No. E. 95.XIII. 18, New York: United Nations, 1995;
2. Adrienne Germain and Rachel Kyte, The Cairo Consensus: The Right Agenda for the Right Time (New York: International Women's Health Coalition, 1995).
3. United Nations Development Program, Human Development Report 2003, Millennium Development Goals: A Compact among Nations to End Human Poverty (New York: Oxford University Press, 2003).
4. Jeffrey D. Sachs, Macroeconomics and Health: Investing in Health for Economic Development. Report of the Commission on Macroeconomics and Health (Geneva: World Health Organization, 2001);
5. WHO'S Contribution to Achievement of the Development Goals of the United Nations Millennium Declaration, WHA/55.19, Agenda item 13.2 (Geneva: World Health Organization, 2002);
6. Susheela Singh et al., Adding It Up: The Benefits of Investing in Sexual and Reproductive Health Care (New York: Alan Guttmacher Institute, 2003);
7. United Nations Millennium Project, Investing in Development: A Practical Plan to Achieve the Millennium Development Goals. Overview (New York: United Nations Development Program; 2005: xiv, 26 and passim.
8. United Nations General Assembly, Report of the Ad Hoc Committee of the Whole of the Twenty-first Special Session of the General Assembly, Addendum, Key Actions for the Further Implementation of the Programme of Action of the International Conference on Population and Development, A/S-21/5Add. 1 (1 July 1999): paragraphs 64, 70.
9. United Nations General Assembly (see note 4 above), paragraphs 53, 58; United Nations Millennium Project Task Force on Child Health and Maternal Health, December 21, 2004, Final Report, "Who's Got the Power? Transforming Health Systems for Women and Children," http://www.unmillenniumproject. org/documents/ChildHealthEbook.pdf, 128-129 (accessed February 4, 2005).
10. Reproductive Health Indicators for Global Monitoring: Report of the Second Interagency meeting, WHO, Geneva, 18-19 July 2000, WJP/RHR/01.19 (Geneva: World Health Organization, 2001).
11. United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, World Population Monitoring 2002, Series 215: Reproductive Rights and Reproductive Health, Selected Aspects (New York: United Nations, 2004): Table III;
12. Anrudh Jain, "Should eliminating unmet need for contraception continue to be a program priority?" International Family Planning Perspectives 25 (1999, Suppl): S30-S43;
13. Saumya RamaRao and Raji Mohanam, "The Quality of Family Planning Programs: Concepts, Measurements, Interventions, and Effects," Studies in Family Planning 34, no. 4 (2003): 227-248.
14. Beverly Winikoff and Maureen Sullivan, "Assessing the Role of Family Planning in Reducing Maternal Mortality," Studies in Family Planning 18, no. 3 (1987): 137;
15. John Bongaarts, "Trends in Unwanted Childbearing in the Developing World," Studies in Family Planning 28, no. 4 (1997): 274;
16. Robert A. Hatcher et al., Contraceptive Technology, 17th ed. (New York: Ardent Media, 1998): 213-220.
17. World Health Organization, Medical Eligibility Criteria for Contraceptive Use (Geneva: World Health Organization, 2004).
18. Singh et al. Adding It Up, 19.
19. Ruth Dixon-Mueller, Population Policy and Women's Rights: Transforming Reproductive Choice (Westport, CT: Praeger, 1993);
20. Gita Sen, Adrienne Germain, and Lincoln C. Chen, eds., Population Policies Reconsidered: Health, Empowerment, and Rights (Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press, 1994);
21. Sonia Correa, Population and Reproductive Rights: Feminist Perspectives from the South (London: Zed Books, 1994).
22. Carla AbouZahr and Tessa Wardlaw, "Maternal Mortality in 2000: Estimates Developed by WHO, UNICEF and UNFPA" (2004), http://www.who. int/reproductivehealth/publications/maternal_mortality-2000/index.html (accessed March 12, 2005).
23. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, World Population Monitoring 2002, Table II. 5;
24. Deborah S. DeGraff and Victor de Silva, "A New Perspective on the Definition and Measurement of Unmet Need for Contraception," International Family Planning Perspectives 22, no. 4 (1996): 140-147.
25. Winikoff and Sullivan, "Assessing the Role of Family Planning," 132; Working Group on the Health Consequences of Contraceptive Use and Controlled Fertility, Contraception and Reproduction: Health Consequences for Women and Children in the Developing World (Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 1989);
26. Amy O Tsui, Judith Wasserheit, and John G Haaga, eds., Reproductive Health in Developing Countries: Expanding Dimensions, Building Solutions (Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 1997);
27. Carla AbouZahr and Marge Berer, "When Pregnancy is Over: Preventing Post-partum Deaths and Morbidity," In: Reproductive Health Matters, theme issue on Safe Motherhood initiatives: Critical Issues, Marge Berer and TK Sundari Ravindran, eds. Oxford: Blackwell Science Limited, 1999: 183-189.
28. Nils Daulaire, Promises to Keep: The Toll of Unintended Pregnancy on Women's Lives in the Developing World (Washington, DC: Global Health Council, 2002);
29. Singh et al., Adding It Up, 20.
30. United Nations General Assembly (see note 4 above): paragraph 58.
31. Ruth Dixon-Mueller and Adrienne Germain, "Stalking the Elusive Unmet Need for Family Planning," Studies in Family Planning 23, no. 5 (1992): 330-335;
32. Bryant Robey, John A Ross, and Indu Bhushan, Meeting Unmet Need: New Strategies, Population Reports, Series J, no. 43 (Baltimore: Population Information Program, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, 1996).
33. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, World Population Monitoring 2002, Table III. 5, with updates from http://www.measuredhs. com, STATcompiler (accessed November 2, 2004; country data table available from authors).
34. John A Ross and William L Winfrey, "Unmet Need for Contraception in the Developing World and the Former Soviet Union: An Updated Estimate," International Family Planning Perspectives 28, no. 3 (2002): 138;
35. Singh et al., Adding It Up, 18.
36. Charles F Westoff and Akinrinola Bankole, Unmet Need 1990-1994, DHS Comparative Studies no. 16 (Calverton, MD: Macro International, 1995);
37. Robey, Ross, and Bhushan, Meeting Unmet Need, 8;
38. Bongaarts, "Trends in Unwanted Childbearing," 267-277.
39. John Bongaarts and Judith Bruce, "The Causes of Unmet Need for Contraception and the Social Content of Services," Studies in Family Planning 26, no. 2 (1995): 57-75;
40. John B Casterline, Aurora E Perez, and Ann E Biddlecom, "Factors Underlying Unmet Need for Family Planning in the Philippines," Studies in Family Planning 28, no. 3 (1995): 173-191.
41. Charles F. Westoff and Akinrinola Bankole, "The Time Dynamics of Unmet Need: An Example from Morocco," International Family Planning Perspectives 24, no. 1. (1998): 12-14;
42. Stan Becker, "Measuring Unmet Need: Wives, Husbands or Couples?" International Family Planning Perspectives 15, no. 4 (1999): 172-179;
43. Laurie Schwab Zabin, et al., "Partner Effects on a Woman's Intention to Conceive: 'Not with This Partner,'" Family Planning Perspectives 32, no. 1 (1998): 39-45.
44. Kristin Luker, Taking Chances: Abortion and the Decision Not to Contracept (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1975);
45. Robey, Ross and Bhushan, Meeting Unmet Need, 12.
46. United Nations Millennium Project Task Force on Child Health and Maternal Health, "Who's Got the Power?" 128-129.
47. Jain, "Eliminating Unmet Need," 542.
48. Ted Joyce, Robert Kaestner, and Sanders Korenman, "The Stability of Pregnancy Intentions and Pregnancy-Related Maternal Behaviors," Maternal and Child Health Journal 4, no. 3 (2000): 171-178.
49. Alan Guttmacher Institute, Sharing Responsibility: Women, Society and Abortion Worldwide (New York: Alan Guttmacher Institute, 1999): Appendix Table 1, with updates from Demographic and Health Survey website http://www.measuredhs.coin, STAT compiler (accessed November 2, 2004, country data table available from authors).
50. Alan Guttmacher Institute, Sharing Responsibility, 53 and Appendix Table 4.
51. Akinrinola Bankole, Susheela Singh, and Taylor Haas, "Reasons Why Women Have Induced Abortions: Evidence from 27 Countries," International Family Planning Perspectives 24, no. 3 (1998): 121.
52. Sarah S Brown and Leon Eisenberg, eds., The Best Intentions: Unintended Pregnancy and the Well-being of Children and Families (Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 1995);
53. John Santelli, et al., "The Measurement and Meaning of Unintended Pregnancy," Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health 55, no. 2 (2003): 94-101;
54. Cicely Marston and John Cleland, The Effects of Contraception on Obstetric Outcomes (Geneva: World Health Organization, 2005): 18-33.
55. Brown and Eisenberg, The Best Intentions, 31-33, 106-176;
56. Akinrinola Bankole, Susheela Singh, and Taylor Haas, " Characteristics of Women Who Obtain Induced Abortion: A Worldwide Review," International Family Planning Perspectives 25, no. 2 (1999): 68-77.
57. John Bongaarts and Charles F Westoff, "The Potential Role of Contraception in Reducing Abortion," Studies in Family Planning 31, no. 3 (2000): 193-202;
58. Cicely Marston and John Cleland, "Relationships between Contraception and Abortion: A Review of the Evidence," International Family Planning Perspectives 29, no. 1 (2000): 6-13.
59. Alan Guttmacher Institute, Sharing Responsibility, 53.
60. Singh et al., Adding It Up, 20.
61. World Health Organization, Safe Abortion: Technical and Policy Guidance for Health Systems (Geneva: World Health Organization, 2003): 69-73;
62. World Health Organization, Unsafe Abortion: Global and Regional Estimates of the Incidence of Unsafe Abortion and Associated Mortality in 2000, 4th ed. (Geneva: World Health Organization, 2004): 7.
63. World Health Organization 2004, Unsafe Abortion, Abstract.
64. United Nations Report, paragraph 8.25.
65. United Nations General Assembly, Report of the Ad Hoc Committee, paragraph 63.
66. Dale Huntington, Barbara Mensch, and Vincent C Miller, "Survey Questions for the Measurement of Induced Abortion," Studies in Family Planning 27, no. 3 (1996): 155-161;
67. Elisabeth Ahman and Iqbal Shah, "Unsafe Abortion: Worldwide Estimates for 2000," Reproductive Health Matters 10, no. 19 (2002):13-17;
68. Clémentine Rossier, "Estimating Induced Abortion Rates: A Review," Studies in Family Planning 34, no. 2 (2003): 87-102;
69. World Health Organization, Unsafe Abortion, 69-73.
70. World Health Organization, 2004 (see note 35 above): 13.
71. Alan Guttmacher Institute, Sharing Responsibility, 33.
72. ORC Macro, Final Report, Armenia: 2000 DHS, FR126, 2001, http://www.measuredhs.com (accessed October 17, 2004).
73. ORC Macro, Final Report, Cambodia: 2000 DHS, FR124, 2001, http://www.measuredhs.com (accessed October 17, 2004).
74. Huntington, Mensch, and Miller, "Survey Questions," 156;
75. Etienne van de Walle and Elisha P Renne, eds., Regulating Menstruation: Beliefs, Practices, Interpretations (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2001).
76. ORC Macro, http://www.measuredhs.com, STAT-compiler, survey indicators, HIV/AIDS and other STIs (accessed May 27, 2005).
77. United Nations Population Fund, ICPD at Ten: The World Reaffirms Cairo. Official Outcomes of the ICPD at Ten Review (New York: UNFPA, 2005);
78. World Leaders Statement in Support of ICPD, 2004, http://www. icpdleadersstatement.net (accessed March 13, 2005);
79. World Health Organization, Reproductive Health Strategy to Accelerate Progress towards the Attainment of International Development Goals and Targets (Geneva: World Health Organization, 2004).
80. United Nations General Assembly, Resolution adopted by the General Assembly, 2005 World Summit Outcome, A/RES/60/1 (24 October, 2005): paragraph 57(6).