Changes in stream chemistry associated with insect defoliation in a Pennsylvania hemlock-hardwoods forest

Forest Ecology and Management

Volumn 238, Issue 1-3, 2007, Pages 199-211

  Lewis, Gregory P ^a,b   Likens, Gene E ^b  

^a Department of Obstetrics Gynecology   (United States)

^b CARY INSTITUTE OF ECOSYSTEM STUDIES   (United States)

Author keywords

Base cations; Insect defoliation; Nitrate; Stream chemistry; Sulfate; Watershed

Indexed keywords

BIOCHEMISTRY; HARDWOODS; NITRATES; STREAM FLOW; WATERSHEDS;

BASE CATIONS; HEMLOCK-HARDWOODS FORESTS; INSECT DEFOLIATION; STREAM CHEMISTRY;

FORESTRY;

CATION; DECIDUOUS FOREST; DEFOLIATION; ENVIRONMENTAL DISTURBANCE; HYDROCHEMISTRY; LEACHING; MOTH; NITRATE; STREAMWATER; SULFATE; WATERSHED;

ACER PENNSYLVANICUM; DEFOLIATION; FORESTS; HARDWOODS; INSECTS; NITRATES; STREAM FLOW; SULFATES; WATER SHEDS;

ALLEGHENY PLATEAU; APPALACHIAN PLATEAU; APPALACHIANS; NORTH AMERICA; PENNSYLVANIA; UNITED STATES;

CONIUM; CONIUM MACULATUM; ENNOMOS; ENNOMOS SUBSIGNARIA; INSECTA; ULMUS;

EID: 33846025471     PISSN: 03781127     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2006.10.013     Document Type: Article

References (63)

1. Aguilar, R., 1981. Soil-landscape relationships of the Tionesta Research Natural Area, Pennsylvania. M.S. Thesis. Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
2. Aguilar R., and Arnold R.W. Soil-landscape relationships of a climax forest in the Allegheny High Plateau, Pennsylvania. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 49 (1985) 695-701
3. Bayley S.E., Behr R.S., and Kelly C.A. Retention and release of S from a freshwater wetland. Water Air Soil Pollut. 31 (1986) 101-114
4. Berg, T.M., Dodge, C.M., 1981. Atlas of Preliminary Geologic Quadrangle Maps of Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania Geological Survey Fourth Series. Bureau of Topographic and Geologic Survey, Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania.
5. Bjorkbom, J.C., Larson, R.G., 1977. The Tionesta Scenic and Research Natural Areas. Forest Service General Technical Report NE-31. USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station, Upper Darby, Pennsylvania.
6. Bormann F.H., and Likens G.E. Pattern and Process in a Forested Ecosystem (1979), Springer-Verlag, New York
7. Cirmo C.P., and Driscoll C.T. Beaver pond biogeochemistry: acid neutralizing capacity generation in a headwater wetland. Wetlands 13 (1993) 277-292
8. Clark G.M., Mueller D.K., and Mast M.A. Nutrient concentrations and yields in undeveloped stream basins of the United States. J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. 36 (2000) 849-860
9. Collins S. Benefits to the understory from canopy defoliation by gypsy moth larvae. Ecology 42 (1961) 836-838
10. Dahm C.N., Trotter E.H., and Sedell Jr. J.R. Role of anaerobic zones and processes in stream ecosystem productivity. In: Averett R.C., and McKnight D.M. (Eds). Chemical Quality of Water and the Hydrologic Cycle (1987), Lewis Publishers, Chelsea, MI 157-178
11. Demchik M.C., and Sharpe W.E. The effect of soil acidification and liming on northern red oak decline in southwestern Pennsylvania. In: Sharpe W.E., and Drohan J.R. (Eds). The Effects of Acidic Deposition on Pennsylvania's Forests (1998), Environmental Resources Research Institute, University Park, PA 161-170
12. Devito K.J., and Hill A.R. Sulphate mobilization and pore water chemistry in relation to groundwater hydrology and summer drought in two conifer swamps on the Canadian Shield. Water Air Soil Pollut. 113 (1999) 97-114
13. DeWalle D.R., and Galeone D.G. One-time dormant season application of gas well brine on forest land. J. Environ. Qual. 19 (1990) 288-295
14. Eshleman K.N., Morgan R.P., Webb II J.R., Deviney F.A., and Galloway J.N. Temporal patterns of nitrogen leakage from mid-Appalachian forested watersheds: role of insect defoliation. Water Resour. Res. 34 (1998) 2005-2016
15. Fedde G.F. Elm spanworm, a pest of hardwood forests in the southern Appalachians. J. For. 62 (1964) 102-106
16. Fenn M.E., Poth M.A., Aber J.D., Baron J.S., Bormann B.T., Johnson D.W., Lemly A.D., McNulty S.G., Ryan D.F., and Stottlemyer R. Nitrogen excess in North American ecosystems: predisposing factors, ecosystem responses, and management strategies. Ecol. Appl. 8 (1998) 706-733
17. Friedland A.J., Miller E.K., Battles J.J., and Thorne J.F. Nitrogen deposition, distribution and cycling in a subalpine spruce-fir forest in the Adirondacks, New York, USA. Biogeochemistry 14 (1991) 31-55
18. Frost C.J., and Hunter M.D. Insect canopy herbivory and frass deposition affect soil nutrient dynamics and export in oak mesocosms. Ecology 85 (2004) 3335-3347
19. Gosz, J.R., Likens, G.E., Eaton, J.S., Bormann, F.H., 1975. Leaching of nutrients from leaves of selected tree species in New Hampshire. In: Howell, F.G., Gentry, J.B., Smith, M.H. (Eds.), Mineral Cycling in Southeastern Ecosystems. U.S. Energy Research and Development Administration Symposium Series (CONF-740513), National Technical Information Service, U.S. Department of Commerce, Springfield, VA, pp. 630-641.
20. Grace, J.R., 1978. The influence of gypsy moth (L. dispar (L.)) defoliation on litter fall and nutrient restitution in a Pennsylvania oak forest. Ph.D. Dissertation. Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
21. Grace J.R. The influence of gypsy moth on the composition and nutrient content of litter fall in a Pennsylvania oak forest. For. Sci. 32 (1986) 855-870
22. Grier C.C., and Vogt D.J. Effects of aphid honeydew on soil nitrogen availability and net primary productivity in an Alnus rubra plantation in western Washington. Oikos 57 (1990) 114-118
23. Haney J.C. Numerical response of birds to an irruption of elm spanworm (Ennomos subsignarius [Hbn.]; Geometridae: Lepidoptera) in old-growth forest of the Appalachian Plateau, USA. For. Ecol. Manage. 120 (1999) 203-217
24. Hedin L.O., Armesto J.J., and Johnson A.H. Patterns of nutrient loss from unpolluted, old-growth temperate forests: evaluation of biogeochemical theory. Ecology 76 (1995) 493-509
25. Hedin L.O., von Fischer J.C., Ostrom N.E., Kennedy B.P., Brown M.G., and Robertson G.P. Thermodynamic constraints on nitrogen transformations and other biogeochemical processes at soil-stream interfaces. Ecology 79 (1998) 684-703
26. Hewlett J.D. Principles of Forest Hydrology (1982), University of Georgia Press, Athens, GA, USA
27. Hollander M., and Wolfe D.A. Nonparametric Statistical Methods (1973), Wiley and Sons, New York, USA
28. Holmes W.E., and Zak D.R. Soil microbial control of nitrogen loss following clear-cut harvest in northern hardwood ecosystems. Ecol. Appl. 9 (1999) 202-215
29. Horsley S.B., Long R.P., Bailey S.W., Hallett R.A., and Hall T.J. Factors associated with the decline disease of sugar maple on the Allegheny Plateau. Can. J. For. Res. 30 (2000) 1365-1378
30. Hough A.F., and Forbes R.D. The ecology and silvics of forests in the High Plateaus of Pennsylvania. Ecol. Monogr. 13 (1943) 299-320
31. Jewett K., Daugharty D., Krause H.H., and Arp P.A. Watershed responses to clear-cutting: effects on soil solutions and stream water discharge in central New Brunswick. Can. J. Soil Sci. 75 (1995) 475-490
32. Johnson D.W., Van Miegroet H., Lindberg S.E., Todd D.E., and Harrison R.B. Nutrient cycling in red spruce forests of the Great Smoky Mountains. Can. J. For. Res. 21 (1991) 769-787
33. Keppel G. Design and Analysis: A Researcher's Handbook. 2nd ed. (1982), Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, USA
34. Kirchner J.W., and Lydersen E. Base cation depletion and potential long-term acidification of Norwegian catchments. Environ. Sci. Technol. 29 (1995) 1953-1960
35. LaZerte B.D. The impact of drought and acidification on the chemical exports from a minerotrophic conifer swamp. Biogeochemistry 18 (1993) 153-175
36. Lewis, G.P., 1998. Response of stream chemistry to forest insect defoliation on the Allegheny High Plateau, Pennsylvania. Ph.D. Dissertation. Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
37. Likens G.E., Bormann F.H., Johnson N.M., Fisher D.W., and Pierce R.S. Effects of forest cutting and herbicide treatment on nutrient budgets in the Hubbard Brook watershed-ecosystem. Ecol. Monogr. 40 (1970) 23-47
38. Likens G.E., Driscoll C.T., and Buso D.C. Long-term effects of acid rain: response and recovery of a forest ecosystem. Science 272 (1996) 244-246
39. Likens G.E., Driscoll C.T., Buso D.C., Mitchell M.J., Lovett G.M., Bailey S.W., Siccama T.G., Reiners W.A., and Alewell C. The biogeochemistry of sulfur at Hubbard Brook. Biogeochemistry 60 (2002) 235-316
40. Lovett G.M., Reiners W.M., and Olson R.K. Cloud droplet deposition in subalpine balsam fir forests: hydrological and chemical inputs. Science 218 (1982) 1303-1304
41. Lovett G.M., and Ruesink A.E. Carbon and nitrogen mineralization from decomposing gypsy moth frass. Oecologia (Berlin) 104 (1995) 133-138
42. Lynch J.A. Atmospheric deposition in Pennsylvania. In: Sharpe W.E., and Drohan J.R. (Eds). The Effects of Acidic Deposition on Pennsylvania's Forests (1999), Environmental Resources Research Institute, University Park, PA 245-257
43. Lytle, W.S., Goth, J.H., 1970. Oil and Gas Geology of the Kinzua Quadrangle, Warren and McKean Counties, Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania Geological Survey, Fourth Series, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, USA.
44. Martin C.W. Precipitation and streamwater chemistry in an undisturbed forested watershed in New Hampshire. Ecology 60 (1979) 36-42
45. Martin, C.W., Pierce, R.S., Likens, G.E., Bormann, F.H., 1986. Clearcutting Affects Stream Chemistry in the White Mountains of New Hampshire. Forest Service Research Paper NE-579. USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station, Upper Darby, Pennsylvania, USA.
46. Michalzik B., Müller T., and Stadler B. Aphids on Norway spruce and their effects on forest-floor solution chemistry. For. Ecol. Manage. 118 (1999) 1-10
47. National Atmospheric Deposition Program/National Trends Network, 2006. National Atmospheric Deposition Program. NADP Program Office, Illinois State Water Survey, Champaign, IL, USA (http://nadp.sws.uiuc.edu/).
48. Nodvin S.C., Driscoll C.T., and Likens G.E. Soil processes and sulfate loss at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest. Biogeochemistry 5 (1988) 185-199
49. Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources, 2004. Explanation of geologic units. Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, USA (http://www.dcnr.state.pa.us/topogeo/map1/explanation.pdf).
50. Peterson C.J., and Pickett S.T.A. Treefall and resprouting following catastrophic windthrow in an old-growth hemlock-hardwoods forest. For. Ecol. Manage. 42 (1991) 205-217
51. Reynolds B.C., Hunter M.D., and Crossley Jr. D.A. Effects of canopy herbivory on nutrient cycling in a northern hardwood forest in western North Carolina. Selbyana 21 (2000) 74-87
52. Seastedt T.R., Crossley Jr. D.A., and Hargrove W.W. The effects of low-level consumption by canopy arthropods on the growth and nutrient dynamics of black locust and red maple trees in the southern Appalachians. Ecology 64 (1983) 1040-1048
53. Sharpe W.E., DeWalle D.R., Leibfried R.T., Dinicol R.S., Kimmel W.G., and Sherwin L.S. Causes of acidification of four streams on Laurel Hill in southwestern Pennsylvania. J. Environ. Qual. 13 (1984) 619-631
54. Silsbee D.G., and Larson G.L. A comparison of streams in logged and unlogged areas of Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Hydrobiologia 102 (1983) 99-111
55. Snedecor G.W., and Cochran W.G. Statistical Methods. 8th ed. (1989), Iowa State University Press, Ames, IA, USA
56. Stephens G.R., Turner N.C., and De Roo H.C. Some effects of defoliation by gypsy moth (Porthetria dispar L.) and elm spanworm (Ennomos subsignarius Hbn.) on water balance and growth of deciduous forest trees. For. Sci. 18 (1972) 326-330
57. Swank W.T. Stream chemistry responses to disturbance. In: Swank W.T., and Crossley Jr. D.A. (Eds). Forest Hydrology and Ecology at Coweeta (1988), Springer-Verlag, New York 339-357
58. Swank W.T., Waide J.B., Crossley Jr. D.A., and Todd R.L. Insect defoliation enhances nitrate export from forest ecosystems. Oecologia (Berlin) 51 (1981) 297-299
59. USDA Soil Conservation Service, 1987. Soil survey of McKean County, Pennsylvania. Washington, DC, USA.
60. Vitousek P.M., and Reiners W.A. Ecosystem succession and nutrient retention: a hypothesis. BioScience 25 (1975) 376-381
61. Webb J.R., Cosby B.J., Deviney Jr. F.A., Eshleman K.N., and Galloway J.N. Change in the acid-base status of an Appalachian mountain catchment following forest defoliation by the gypsy moth. Water Air Soil Pollut. 85 (1995) 535-540
62. Whittaker R.H. Vegetation of the Great Smoky Mountains. Ecol. Monogr. 26 (1956) 1-80
63. Zimmerman, G.L., 1984. Analysis of arboreal vegetation and a test of species alternation between hemlock and beech at the Tionesta Research Natural Area in northwestern Pennsylvania. Ph.D. Dissertation. Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.