메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 14, Issue 1, 2007, Pages 17-24

Postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy: Endometrial and breast effects

Author keywords

Breast; Endometrium; Hormone replacement therapy; Postmenopausal

Indexed keywords

CONJUGATED ESTROGEN; ESTROGEN; MEDROXYPROGESTERONE ACETATE; PROGESTERONE;

EID: 33845968074     PISSN: 10724109     EISSN: 15334031     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/PAP.0b013e31802ef00f     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (29)

References (82)
  • 1
    • 1542671706 scopus 로고
    • Vorschlag sur gehandlund der ausfallsercheinungen nach castration
    • Mainzer F. Vorschlag sur gehandlund der ausfallsercheinungen nach castration. Deutsche Medizinishche Wochenschrift. 1896;22:188.
    • (1896) Deutsche Medizinishche Wochenschrift , vol.22 , pp. 188
    • Mainzer, F.1
  • 2
    • 30544443806 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estrogens and progestins: Background and history, trends in use, and guidelines and regimens approved by the US Food and Drug Administration
    • Stefanick ML. Estrogens and progestins: background and history, trends in use, and guidelines and regimens approved by the US Food and Drug Administration. Am J Med. 2005;118(12 suppl 2):64-73.
    • (2005) Am J Med , vol.118 , Issue.12 SUPPL. 2 , pp. 64-73
    • Stefanick, M.L.1
  • 3
    • 85003115918 scopus 로고
    • An appraisal of ovarian therapy
    • Novak E. An appraisal of ovarian therapy. Endocrinology. 1922;6:599-620.
    • (1922) Endocrinology , vol.6 , pp. 599-620
    • Novak, E.1
  • 4
    • 0000673542 scopus 로고
    • An ovarian hormone: Preliminary report on its localization, extraction and partial purificatin and anction in test animals
    • Allen E, Doisy E. An ovarian hormone: preliminary report on its localization, extraction and partial purificatin and anction in test animals. JAMA. 1923;31:819-821.
    • (1923) JAMA , vol.31 , pp. 819-821
    • Allen, E.1    Doisy, E.2
  • 5
    • 6344238235 scopus 로고
    • Prophylactic endocrine therapy in artificial menopause
    • Schneider P. Prophylactic endocrine therapy in artificial menopause. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1939;37:861-870.
    • (1939) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.37 , pp. 861-870
    • Schneider, P.1
  • 6
    • 0003975853 scopus 로고
    • New York: M. Evans and Company, Inc;
    • Wilson RA. Feminine Forever. New York: M. Evans and Company, Inc; 1966.
    • (1966) Feminine Forever
    • Wilson, R.A.1
  • 8
    • 0016787173 scopus 로고
    • Association of exogenous estrogen and endometrial carcinoma
    • Smith DC, Prentice R, Thompson DJ, et al. Association of exogenous estrogen and endometrial carcinoma. N Engl J Med. 1975;293:1164-1167.
    • (1975) N Engl J Med , vol.293 , pp. 1164-1167
    • Smith, D.C.1    Prentice, R.2    Thompson, D.J.3
  • 9
    • 0016826567 scopus 로고
    • Increased risk of endometrial carcinoma among users of conjugated estrogens
    • Ziel HK, Finkle WD. Increased risk of endometrial carcinoma among users of conjugated estrogens. N Engl J Med. 1975;293:1167-1170.
    • (1975) N Engl J Med , vol.293 , pp. 1167-1170
    • Ziel, H.K.1    Finkle, W.D.2
  • 10
    • 0014952170 scopus 로고
    • Initial findings leading to modification of its research protocol
    • The Coronary Drug Project
    • The Coronary Drug Project. Initial findings leading to modification of its research protocol. JAMA. 1970;214:1303-1313.
    • (1970) JAMA , vol.214 , pp. 1303-1313
  • 11
    • 0015810958 scopus 로고
    • The Coronary Drug Project Group: Findings leading to discontinuation of the 2.5mg estrogen group
    • Group TCDPR
    • Group TCDPR. The Coronary Drug Project Group: findings leading to discontinuation of the 2.5mg estrogen group. JAMA. 1973;226:652-657.
    • (1973) JAMA , vol.226 , pp. 652-657
  • 12
    • 0141429174 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The aging woman: The role of medical therapy
    • Wilken-Jensen C, Ottesen B. The aging woman: the role of medical therapy. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2003;82:381-391.
    • (2003) Int J Gynaecol Obstet , vol.82 , pp. 381-391
    • Wilken-Jensen, C.1    Ottesen, B.2
  • 13
    • 0033528751 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of hormone replacement therapy by postmenopausal women in the United States
    • Keating NL, Cleary PD, Rossi AS, et al. Use of hormone replacement therapy by postmenopausal women in the United States. Ann Intern Med. 1999;130:545-553.
    • (1999) Ann Intern Med , vol.130 , pp. 545-553
    • Keating, N.L.1    Cleary, P.D.2    Rossi, A.S.3
  • 14
    • 0346599193 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National use of postmenopausal hormone therapy: Annual trends and response to recent evidence
    • Hersh AL, Stefanick ML, Stafford RS. National use of postmenopausal hormone therapy: annual trends and response to recent evidence. JAMA. 2004;291:47-53.
    • (2004) JAMA , vol.291 , pp. 47-53
    • Hersh, A.L.1    Stefanick, M.L.2    Stafford, R.S.3
  • 15
    • 0037125379 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risks and benefits of estrogen plus progestin in healthy postmenopausal women: Principal results From the Women's Health Initiative randomized controlled trial
    • Rossouw JE, Anderson GL, Prentice RL, et al. Risks and benefits of estrogen plus progestin in healthy postmenopausal women: principal results From the Women's Health Initiative randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2002;288:321-333.
    • (2002) JAMA , vol.288 , pp. 321-333
    • Rossouw, J.E.1    Anderson, G.L.2    Prentice, R.L.3
  • 16
    • 0034992739 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relief of vasomotor symptoms and vaginal atrophy with lower doses of conjugated equine estrogens and medroxyprogesterone acetate
    • Utian WH, Shoupe D, Bachmann G, et al. Relief of vasomotor symptoms and vaginal atrophy with lower doses of conjugated equine estrogens and medroxyprogesterone acetate. Fertil Steril. 2001;75:1065-1079.
    • (2001) Fertil Steril , vol.75 , pp. 1065-1079
    • Utian, W.H.1    Shoupe, D.2    Bachmann, G.3
  • 17
    • 0033388481 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conjugated estrogens and breast cancer risk
    • Campagnoli C, Ambroggio S, Biglia N, et al. Conjugated estrogens and breast cancer risk. Gynecol Endocrinol. 1999;13(suppl 6):13-19.
    • (1999) Gynecol Endocrinol , vol.13 , Issue.SUPPL. 6 , pp. 13-19
    • Campagnoli, C.1    Ambroggio, S.2    Biglia, N.3
  • 18
    • 0242661467 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endometrial effects of lower doses of conjugated equine estrogens and medroxyprogesterone acetate: Two-year substudy results
    • Pickar JH, Yeh IT, Wheeler JE, et al. Endometrial effects of lower doses of conjugated equine estrogens and medroxyprogesterone acetate: two-year substudy results. Fertil Steril. 2003;80:1234-1240.
    • (2003) Fertil Steril , vol.80 , pp. 1234-1240
    • Pickar, J.H.1    Yeh, I.T.2    Wheeler, J.E.3
  • 19
    • 0034955472 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endometrial effects of lower doses of conjugated equine estrogens and medroxyprogesterone acetate
    • Pickar JH, Yeh I, Wheeler JE, et al. Endometrial effects of lower doses of conjugated equine estrogens and medroxyprogesterone acetate. Fertil Steril. 2001;76:25-31.
    • (2001) Fertil Steril , vol.76 , pp. 25-31
    • Pickar, J.H.1    Yeh, I.2    Wheeler, J.E.3
  • 20
    • 0027356698 scopus 로고
    • Effects of hormone therapy on the endometrium
    • Deligdisch L. Effects of hormone therapy on the endometrium. Mod Pathol. 1993;6:94-106.
    • (1993) Mod Pathol , vol.6 , pp. 94-106
    • Deligdisch, L.1
  • 21
    • 0034077701 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hormonal pathology of the endometrium
    • Deligdisch L. Hormonal pathology of the endometrium. Mod Pathol. 2000;13:285-294.
    • (2000) Mod Pathol , vol.13 , pp. 285-294
    • Deligdisch, L.1
  • 22
    • 0001657785 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of hormone replacement therapy on endometrial histology in postmenopausal women. The Postmenopausal Estrogen/Progestin Interventions (PEPI) Trial
    • The Writing Group for the PEPI Trial
    • The Writing Group for the PEPI Trial. Effects of hormone replacement therapy on endometrial histology in postmenopausal women. The Postmenopausal Estrogen/Progestin Interventions (PEPI) Trial.J Am Med Assoc. 1996;275:370-375.
    • (1996) J Am Med Assoc , vol.275 , pp. 370-375
  • 23
    • 0022256589 scopus 로고
    • Risk of localized and widespread endometrial cancer in relation to recent and discontinued use of conjugated estrogens
    • Shapiro S, Kelly JP, Rosenberg L, et al. Risk of localized and widespread endometrial cancer in relation to recent and discontinued use of conjugated estrogens. N Engl J Med. 1985;313:969-972.
    • (1985) N Engl J Med , vol.313 , pp. 969-972
    • Shapiro, S.1    Kelly, J.P.2    Rosenberg, L.3
  • 24
    • 0028809308 scopus 로고
    • Hormone replacement therapy and endometrial cancer risk: A meta-analysis
    • Grady D, Gebretsadik T, Kerlikowske K, et al. Hormone replacement therapy and endometrial cancer risk: a meta-analysis. Obstet and Gynecol. 1995;85:304-313.
    • (1995) Obstet and Gynecol , vol.85 , pp. 304-313
    • Grady, D.1    Gebretsadik, T.2    Kerlikowske, K.3
  • 25
    • 24644442310 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and endometrial morphology under consideration of the different molecular pathways in endometrial carcinogenesis
    • Horn LC, Dietel M, Einenkel J. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and endometrial morphology under consideration of the different molecular pathways in endometrial carcinogenesis. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2005;122:4-12.
    • (2005) Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol , vol.122 , pp. 4-12
    • Horn, L.C.1    Dietel, M.2    Einenkel, J.3
  • 26
    • 0034994194 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hormone replacement therapy and the endometrium
    • Feeley KM, Wells M. Hormone replacement therapy and the endometrium. J Clin Pathol. 2001;54:435-440.
    • (2001) J Clin Pathol , vol.54 , pp. 435-440
    • Feeley, K.M.1    Wells, M.2
  • 27
    • 0032735866 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endometrial polyps during menopause: Characterization and significance
    • Orvieto R, Bar-Hava I, Dicker D, et al. Endometrial polyps during menopause: characterization and significance. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 1999;78:883-886.
    • (1999) Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand , vol.78 , pp. 883-886
    • Orvieto, R.1    Bar-Hava, I.2    Dicker, D.3
  • 28
    • 0038440516 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polycystic ovary syndrome and endometrial carcinoma
    • Hardiman P, Pillay OC, Atiomo W. Polycystic ovary syndrome and endometrial carcinoma. Lancet. 2003;361:1810-1812.
    • (2003) Lancet , vol.361 , pp. 1810-1812
    • Hardiman, P.1    Pillay, O.C.2    Atiomo, W.3
  • 29
    • 13944263263 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk factors for young premenopausal women with endometrial cancer
    • Soliman PT, Oh JC, Schmeler KM, et al. Risk factors for young premenopausal women with endometrial cancer. Obstet Gynecol. 2005;105:575-580.
    • (2005) Obstet Gynecol , vol.105 , pp. 575-580
    • Soliman, P.T.1    Oh, J.C.2    Schmeler, K.M.3
  • 30
    • 20444408795 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endometrial hyperplasia/adenocarcinoma. A conventional approach
    • Mazur MT. Endometrial hyperplasia/adenocarcinoma. A conventional approach. Ann Diagn Pathol. 2005;9:174-181.
    • (2005) Ann Diagn Pathol , vol.9 , pp. 174-181
    • Mazur, M.T.1
  • 31
    • 0033660023 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The endometrial response to sequential and continuous combined oestrogen-progestogen replacement therapy
    • Sturdee DW, Ulrich LG, Barlow DH, et al. The endometrial response to sequential and continuous combined oestrogen-progestogen replacement therapy. BJOG. 2000;107:1392-1400.
    • (2000) BJOG , vol.107 , pp. 1392-1400
    • Sturdee, D.W.1    Ulrich, L.G.2    Barlow, D.H.3
  • 32
    • 0020043631 scopus 로고
    • Endometrial hyperplasia in women on cyclic or continuous estrogen regimens
    • Schiff I, Sela HK, Cramer D, et al. Endometrial hyperplasia in women on cyclic or continuous estrogen regimens. Fertil Steril. 1982;37:79-82.
    • (1982) Fertil Steril , vol.37 , pp. 79-82
    • Schiff, I.1    Sela, H.K.2    Cramer, D.3
  • 33
    • 0032547326 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomized trial of estrogen plus progestin for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease in postmenopausal women. Heart and Estrogen/progestin Replacement Study (HERS) Research Group
    • Hulley S, Grady D, Bush T, et al. Randomized trial of estrogen plus progestin for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease in postmenopausal women. Heart and Estrogen/progestin Replacement Study (HERS) Research Group. JAMA. 1998;280:605-613.
    • (1998) JAMA , vol.280 , pp. 605-613
    • Hulley, S.1    Grady, D.2    Bush, T.3
  • 34
    • 0032146016 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heart and Estrogen/progestin Replacement Study (HERS): Design, methods, and baseline characteristics
    • Grady D, Applegate W, Bush T, et al. Heart and Estrogen/progestin Replacement Study (HERS): design, methods, and baseline characteristics. Control Clin Trials. 1998;19:314-335.
    • (1998) Control Clin Trials , vol.19 , pp. 314-335
    • Grady, D.1    Applegate, W.2    Bush, T.3
  • 35
    • 0033863946 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A binary architectural grading system for uterine endometrial endometrioid carcinoma has superior reproducibility compared with FIGO grading and identifies subsets of advance-stage tumors with favorable and unfavorable prognosis
    • Lax SF, Kurman RJ, Pizer ES, et al. A binary architectural grading system for uterine endometrial endometrioid carcinoma has superior reproducibility compared with FIGO grading and identifies subsets of advance-stage tumors with favorable and unfavorable prognosis. Am J Surg Pathol. 2000;24:1201-1208.
    • (2000) Am J Surg Pathol , vol.24 , pp. 1201-1208
    • Lax, S.F.1    Kurman, R.J.2    Pizer, E.S.3
  • 36
    • 0034651530 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The frequency of p53, K-ras mutations, and microsatellite instability differs in uterine endometrioid and serous carcinoma: Evidence of distinct molecular genetic pathways
    • Lax SF, Kendall B, Tashiro H, et al. The frequency of p53, K-ras mutations, and microsatellite instability differs in uterine endometrioid and serous carcinoma: evidence of distinct molecular genetic pathways. Cancer. 2000;88:814-824.
    • (2000) Cancer , vol.88 , pp. 814-824
    • Lax, S.F.1    Kendall, B.2    Tashiro, H.3
  • 37
    • 1842506206 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular genetic pathways in various types of endometrial carcinoma: From a phenotypical to a molecular-based classification
    • Lax SF. Molecular genetic pathways in various types of endometrial carcinoma: from a phenotypical to a molecular-based classification. Virchows Arch: Int J Pathol. 2004;444:213-223.
    • (2004) Virchows Arch: Int J Pathol , vol.444 , pp. 213-223
    • Lax, S.F.1
  • 38
    • 2042465026 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk of progression in complex and atypical endometrial hyperplasia: Clinicopathologic analysis in cases with and without progestogen treatment
    • Horn LC, Schnurrbusch U, Bilek K, et al. Risk of progression in complex and atypical endometrial hyperplasia: clinicopathologic analysis in cases with and without progestogen treatment. Int J Gynecol Cancer. 2004;14:348-353.
    • (2004) Int J Gynecol Cancer , vol.14 , pp. 348-353
    • Horn, L.C.1    Schnurrbusch, U.2    Bilek, K.3
  • 39
    • 4444310296 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of the human breast
    • Russo J, Russo IH. Development of the human breast. Maturitas. 2004;49:2-15.
    • (2004) Maturitas , vol.49 , pp. 2-15
    • Russo, J.1    Russo, I.H.2
  • 40
    • 4344707522 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Steroid receptors and cell cycle in normal mammary epithelium
    • Anderson E, Clarke RB. Steroid receptors and cell cycle in normal mammary epithelium. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia. 2004;9:3-13.
    • (2004) J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia , vol.9 , pp. 3-13
    • Anderson, E.1    Clarke, R.B.2
  • 41
    • 0035995602 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of oestrogen and progesterone receptors in human mammary development and tumorigenesis
    • Anderson E. The role of oestrogen and progesterone receptors in human mammary development and tumorigenesis. Breast Cancer Res. 2002;4:197-201.
    • (2002) Breast Cancer Res , vol.4 , pp. 197-201
    • Anderson, E.1
  • 42
    • 0034990786 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Histological and biological evolution of human premalignant breast disease
    • Allred DC, Mohsin SK, Fuqua SA. Histological and biological evolution of human premalignant breast disease. Endocr Relat Cancer. 2001;8:47-61.
    • (2001) Endocr Relat Cancer , vol.8 , pp. 47-61
    • Allred, D.C.1    Mohsin, S.K.2    Fuqua, S.A.3
  • 43
    • 0035145605 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of hormonally active agents in the reproductive tract of female nonhuman primates
    • Cline JM, Soderqvist G, Register TC, et al. Assessment of hormonally active agents in the reproductive tract of female nonhuman primates. Toxicol Pathol. 2001;29:84-90.
    • (2001) Toxicol Pathol , vol.29 , pp. 84-90
    • Cline, J.M.1    Soderqvist, G.2    Register, T.C.3
  • 44
    • 0036369960 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy: Effects on normal mammary gland in humans and in a mouse postmenopausal model
    • Haslam SZ, Osuch JR, Raafat AM, et al. Postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy: effects on normal mammary gland in humans and in a mouse postmenopausal model. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia. 2002;7:93-105.
    • (2002) J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia , vol.7 , pp. 93-105
    • Haslam, S.Z.1    Osuch, J.R.2    Raafat, A.M.3
  • 45
    • 0031304430 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of endogenous and exogenous reproductive hormones on the mammary glands with emphasis on experimental studies in rhesus monkeys
    • Tavassoli FA. The influence of endogenous and exogenous reproductive hormones on the mammary glands with emphasis on experimental studies in rhesus monkeys. Verh Dtsch Ges Pathol. 1997;81:514-520.
    • (1997) Verh Dtsch Ges Pathol , vol.81 , pp. 514-520
    • Tavassoli, F.A.1
  • 46
    • 0036079134 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative activity of pulsed or continuous estradiol exposure on gene expression and proliferation of normal and tumoral human breast cells
    • Cavailles V, Gompel A, Portois MC, et al. Comparative activity of pulsed or continuous estradiol exposure on gene expression and proliferation of normal and tumoral human breast cells. J Mol Endocrinol. 2002;28:165-175.
    • (2002) J Mol Endocrinol , vol.28 , pp. 165-175
    • Cavailles, V.1    Gompel, A.2    Portois, M.C.3
  • 47
    • 0033305673 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hormone replacement therapy with estrogen or estrogen plus medroxyprogesterone acetate is associated with increased epithelial proliferation in the normal postmenopausal breast
    • Hofseth LJ, Raafat AM, Osuch JR, et al. Hormone replacement therapy with estrogen or estrogen plus medroxyprogesterone acetate is associated with increased epithelial proliferation in the normal postmenopausal breast. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1999;84:4559-4565.
    • (1999) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.84 , pp. 4559-4565
    • Hofseth, L.J.1    Raafat, A.M.2    Osuch, J.R.3
  • 48
    • 2442750412 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of sex steroids on proliferation in normal mammary tissue
    • Soderqvist G. Effects of sex steroids on proliferation in normal mammary tissue. Ann Med. 1998;30:511-524.
    • (1998) Ann Med , vol.30 , pp. 511-524
    • Soderqvist, G.1
  • 49
    • 0030630596 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mammographic changes in postmenopausal women on hormonal replacement therapy
    • Marugg RC, van der Mooren MJ, Hendriks JH, et al. Mammographic changes in postmenopausal women on hormonal replacement therapy. Eur Radiol. 1997;7:749-755.
    • (1997) Eur Radiol , vol.7 , pp. 749-755
    • Marugg, R.C.1    van der Mooren, M.J.2    Hendriks, J.H.3
  • 50
    • 0037418128 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Individual and combined effects of age, breast density, and hormone replacement therapy use on the accuracy of screening mammography
    • Carney PA, Miglioretti DL, Yankaskas BC, et al. Individual and combined effects of age, breast density, and hormone replacement therapy use on the accuracy of screening mammography. Ann Intern Med. 2003;138:168-175.
    • (2003) Ann Intern Med , vol.138 , pp. 168-175
    • Carney, P.A.1    Miglioretti, D.L.2    Yankaskas, B.C.3
  • 51
    • 0035835069 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in breast density associated with initiation, discontinuation, and continuing use of hormone replacement therapy
    • Rutter CM, Mandelson MT, Laya MB, et al. Changes in breast density associated with initiation, discontinuation, and continuing use of hormone replacement therapy. JAMA. 2001;285:171-176.
    • (2001) JAMA , vol.285 , pp. 171-176
    • Rutter, C.M.1    Mandelson, M.T.2    Laya, M.B.3
  • 52
    • 0031689731 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epithelial proliferation and hormone receptor status in the normal post-menopausal breast and the effects of hormone replacement therapy
    • Hargreaves DF, Knox F, Swindell R, et al. Epithelial proliferation and hormone receptor status in the normal post-menopausal breast and the effects of hormone replacement therapy. Br J Cancer. 1998;78:945-949.
    • (1998) Br J Cancer , vol.78 , pp. 945-949
    • Hargreaves, D.F.1    Knox, F.2    Swindell, R.3
  • 53
    • 33846002577 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of hormone replacement therapy on breast epithelial proliferation and estrogen/ progesterone receptors in post-menopausal women. [abstract]
    • Lavrovskaya E, Blankenship J, Otto P, et al. The effect of hormone replacement therapy on breast epithelial proliferation and estrogen/ progesterone receptors in post-menopausal women. [abstract]. AJCP. 2005;124:651-652.
    • (2005) AJCP , vol.124 , pp. 651-652
    • Lavrovskaya, E.1    Blankenship, J.2    Otto, P.3
  • 54
    • 0030843969 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Breast cancer and hormone replacement therapy: Collaborative reanalysis of data from 51 epidemiological studies of 52,705 women with breast cancer and 108,411 women without breast cancer
    • Collaborative Group on Hormonal Factors in Breast Cancer
    • Collaborative Group on Hormonal Factors in Breast Cancer. Breast cancer and hormone replacement therapy: collaborative reanalysis of data from 51 epidemiological studies of 52,705 women with breast cancer and 108,411 women without breast cancer. Lancet. 1997;350:1047-1059.
    • (1997) Lancet , vol.350 , pp. 1047-1059
  • 55
    • 21244469352 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An overview of menopausal oestrogen-progestin hormone therapy and breast cancer risk
    • Lee SA, Ross RK, Pike MC. An overview of menopausal oestrogen-progestin hormone therapy and breast cancer risk. Br J Cancer. 2005;92:2049-2058.
    • (2005) Br J Cancer , vol.92 , pp. 2049-2058
    • Lee, S.A.1    Ross, R.K.2    Pike, M.C.3
  • 56
    • 0345132371 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Breast cancer and hormone replacement therapy: Putting the risk into perspective
    • Campagnoli C, Abba C, Ambroggio S, et al. Breast cancer and hormone replacement therapy: putting the risk into perspective. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2001;15(suppl 6):53-60.
    • (2001) Gynecol Endocrinol , vol.15 , Issue.SUPPL. 6 , pp. 53-60
    • Campagnoli, C.1    Abba, C.2    Ambroggio, S.3
  • 57
    • 18144421167 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endometrial cancer and hormone-replacement therapy in the Million Women Study
    • Beral V, Bull D, Reeves G. Endometrial cancer and hormone-replacement therapy in the Million Women Study. Lancet. 2005;365:1543-1551.
    • (2005) Lancet , vol.365 , pp. 1543-1551
    • Beral, V.1    Bull, D.2    Reeves, G.3
  • 58
    • 33646761352 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hormone therapy and breast cancer: What factors modify the association?
    • Gertig DM, Fletcher AS, English DR, et al. Hormone therapy and breast cancer: what factors modify the association? Menopause. 2006;13:178-184.
    • (2006) Menopause , vol.13 , pp. 178-184
    • Gertig, D.M.1    Fletcher, A.S.2    English, D.R.3
  • 59
    • 33646396452 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unopposed estrogen therapy and the risk of invasive breast cancer
    • Chen WY, Manson JE, Hankinson SE, et al. Unopposed estrogen therapy and the risk of invasive breast cancer. Arch Intern Med. 2006;166:1027-1032.
    • (2006) Arch Intern Med , vol.166 , pp. 1027-1032
    • Chen, W.Y.1    Manson, J.E.2    Hankinson, S.E.3
  • 60
    • 1842867053 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of conjugated equine estrogen in postmenopausal women with hysterectomy: The Women's Health Initiative randomized controlled trial
    • Anderson GL, Limacher M, Assaf AR, et al. Effects of conjugated equine estrogen in postmenopausal women with hysterectomy: the Women's Health Initiative randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2004;291:1701-1712.
    • (2004) JAMA , vol.291 , pp. 1701-1712
    • Anderson, G.L.1    Limacher, M.2    Assaf, A.R.3
  • 61
    • 12244277364 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • WISDOM: History and early demise-was it inevitable?
    • Vickers M, Meade T, Darbyshire J. WISDOM: history and early demise-was it inevitable? Climacteric. 2002;5:317-325.
    • (2002) Climacteric , vol.5 , pp. 317-325
    • Vickers, M.1    Meade, T.2    Darbyshire, J.3
  • 62
    • 16644380200 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hormone replacement in women with breast cancer: The HABITS study
    • Brincat M, Muscat Baron Y, Ciantar E. Hormone replacement in women with breast cancer: the HABITS study. Endocrine. 2004;24:255-257.
    • (2004) Endocrine , vol.24 , pp. 255-257
    • Brincat, M.1    Muscat Baron, Y.2    Ciantar, E.3
  • 63
    • 25144471825 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hormone replacement therapy: Pathobiological aspects of hormone-sensitive cancers in women relevant to epidemiological studies on HRT: a mini-review
    • Dietel M, Lewis MA, Shapiro S. Hormone replacement therapy: pathobiological aspects of hormone-sensitive cancers in women relevant to epidemiological studies on HRT: a mini-review. Hum Reprod. 2005;20:2052-2060.
    • (2005) Hum Reprod , vol.20 , pp. 2052-2060
    • Dietel, M.1    Lewis, M.A.2    Shapiro, S.3
  • 64
    • 19444382612 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of hormone replacement therapy on the pathology of breast cancer
    • Biglia N, Sgro L, Defabiani E, et al. The influence of hormone replacement therapy on the pathology of breast cancer. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2005;31:467-472.
    • (2005) Eur J Surg Oncol , vol.31 , pp. 467-472
    • Biglia, N.1    Sgro, L.2    Defabiani, E.3
  • 65
    • 0036777885 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changing incidence of lobular carcinoma in situ of the breast
    • Li CI, Anderson BO, Daling JR, et al. Changing incidence of lobular carcinoma in situ of the breast. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2002;75:259-268.
    • (2002) Breast Cancer Res Treat , vol.75 , pp. 259-268
    • Li, C.I.1    Anderson, B.O.2    Daling, J.R.3
  • 66
    • 0037114776 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relation of regimens of combined hormone replacement therapy to lobular, ductal, and other histologic types of breast carcinoma
    • Daling JR, Malone KE, Doody DR, et al. Relation of regimens of combined hormone replacement therapy to lobular, ductal, and other histologic types of breast carcinoma. Cancer. 2002;95:2455-2464.
    • (2002) Cancer , vol.95 , pp. 2455-2464
    • Daling, J.R.1    Malone, K.E.2    Doody, D.R.3
  • 67
    • 0037680609 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Postmenopausal hormone therapy and risk of breast cancer by histologic type (United States)
    • Newcomer LM, Newcomb PA, Potter JD, et al. Postmenopausal hormone therapy and risk of breast cancer by histologic type (United States). Cancer Causes Control. 2003;14:225-233.
    • (2003) Cancer Causes Control , vol.14 , pp. 225-233
    • Newcomer, L.M.1    Newcomb, P.A.2    Potter, J.D.3
  • 68
  • 69
    • 0037070255 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hormone replacement therapy in relation to breast cancer
    • Chen CL, Weiss NS, Newcomb P, et al. Hormone replacement therapy in relation to breast cancer. JAMA. 2002;287:734-741.
    • (2002) JAMA , vol.287 , pp. 734-741
    • Chen, C.L.1    Weiss, N.S.2    Newcomb, P.3
  • 70
    • 33744744695 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship between established breast cancer risk factors and risk of seven different histologic types of invasive breast cancer
    • Li CI, Daling JR, Malone KE, et al. Relationship between established breast cancer risk factors and risk of seven different histologic types of invasive breast cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2006;15:946-954.
    • (2006) Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev , vol.15 , pp. 946-954
    • Li, C.I.1    Daling, J.R.2    Malone, K.E.3
  • 71
    • 2442661860 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hormone replacement therapy in relation to breast carcinoma incidence rate ratios: A prospective Danish cohort study
    • Tjonneland A, Christensen J, Thomsen BL, et al. Hormone replacement therapy in relation to breast carcinoma incidence rate ratios: a prospective Danish cohort study. Cancer. 2004;100:2328-2337.
    • (2004) Cancer , vol.100 , pp. 2328-2337
    • Tjonneland, A.1    Christensen, J.2    Thomsen, B.L.3
  • 72
    • 0037454283 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trends in incidence rates of invasive lobular and ductal breast carcinoma
    • Li CI, Anderson BO, Daling JR, et al. Trends in incidence rates of invasive lobular and ductal breast carcinoma. JAMA. 2003;289:1421-1424.
    • (2003) JAMA , vol.289 , pp. 1421-1424
    • Li, C.I.1    Anderson, B.O.2    Daling, J.R.3
  • 73
    • 4444270093 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Postmenopausal hormone therapy and the risk of breast cancer. A clinician's view
    • Speroff L. Postmenopausal hormone therapy and the risk of breast cancer. A clinician's view. Maturitas. 2004;49:51-57.
    • (2004) Maturitas , vol.49 , pp. 51-57
    • Speroff, L.1
  • 74
    • 0037157169 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of lower doses of conjugated equine estrogens with and without medroxyprogesterone acetate on bone in early postmenopausal women
    • Lindsay R, Gallagher JC, Kleerekoper M, et al. Effect of lower doses of conjugated equine estrogens with and without medroxyprogesterone acetate on bone in early postmenopausal women. JAMA. 2002;287:2668-2676.
    • (2002) JAMA , vol.287 , pp. 2668-2676
    • Lindsay, R.1    Gallagher, J.C.2    Kleerekoper, M.3
  • 75
    • 1842590509 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Commonly used types of postmenopausal estrogen for treatment of hot flashes: Scientific review
    • Nelson HD. Commonly used types of postmenopausal estrogen for treatment of hot flashes: scientific review. JAMA. 2004;291:1610-1620.
    • (2004) JAMA , vol.291 , pp. 1610-1620
    • Nelson, H.D.1
  • 76
    • 33646188516 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonhormonal therapies for menopausal hot flashes: Systematic review and meta-analysis
    • Nelson HD, Vesco KK, Haney E, et al. Nonhormonal therapies for menopausal hot flashes: systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA. 2006;295:2057-2071.
    • (2006) JAMA , vol.295 , pp. 2057-2071
    • Nelson, H.D.1    Vesco, K.K.2    Haney, E.3
  • 77
    • 32244436543 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonhormonal therapies for hot flashes in menopause
    • Carroll DG. Nonhormonal therapies for hot flashes in menopause. Am Fam Physician. 2006;73:457-464.
    • (2006) Am Fam Physician , vol.73 , pp. 457-464
    • Carroll, D.G.1
  • 78
    • 18844458270 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tibolone: Clinical recommendations and practical guidelines. A report of the International Tibolone Consensus Group
    • Kenemans P, Speroff L. Tibolone: clinical recommendations and practical guidelines. A report of the International Tibolone Consensus Group. Maturitas. 2005;51:21-28.
    • (2005) Maturitas , vol.51 , pp. 21-28
    • Kenemans, P.1    Speroff, L.2
  • 79
    • 33745239729 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Management of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women: 2006 position statement of The North American Menopause Society
    • North American Menopause Society, quiz 68-69
    • North American Menopause Society. Management of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women: 2006 position statement of The North American Menopause Society. Menopause. 2006;13:340-367; quiz 68-69.
    • (2006) Menopause , vol.13 , pp. 340-367
  • 80
    • 33745250100 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • When is it appropriate to prescribe postmenopausal hormone therapy?
    • Ettinger B, Barrett-Connor E, Hoq LA, et al. When is it appropriate to prescribe postmenopausal hormone therapy? Menopause. 2006;13:404-410.
    • (2006) Menopause , vol.13 , pp. 404-410
    • Ettinger, B.1    Barrett-Connor, E.2    Hoq, L.A.3
  • 81
    • 14844352009 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recommendations for estrogen and progestogen use in peri-and postmenopausal women: October 2004 position statement of The North American Menopause Society
    • North American Menopause Society
    • North American Menopause Society. Recommendations for estrogen and progestogen use in peri-and postmenopausal women: October 2004 position statement of The North American Menopause Society. Menopause. 2004;11(6 Pt 1):589-600.
    • (2004) Menopause , vol.11 , Issue.6 PART 1 , pp. 589-600
  • 82
    • 15944406310 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hormone therapy
    • Executive summary
    • Executive summary. Hormone therapy. Obstet Gynecol. 2004;104(4 suppl):1S-4S.
    • (2004) Obstet Gynecol , vol.104 , Issue.4 SUPPL.


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.