Better diagnosis and treatment of throat infections caused by group A β-haemolytic streptococci

British Journal of Biomedical Science

Volumn 63, Issue 4, 2006, Pages 155-158

  Abu Sabaah, Alsir H ^a   Ghazi, H O ^a  

^a UMM AL QURA UNIVERSITY   (Saudi Arabia)

Author keywords

Antigens, bacterial; Diagnosis; Pharyngitis; Streptococcus pyogenes; Tonsillitis

Indexed keywords

AMOXICILLIN PLUS CLAVULANIC ACID; ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; AZITHROMYCIN; CEFALEXIN; CEFUROXIME AXETIL; CLARITT; MACROLIDE; PENICILLIN V; STREPTOCOCCUS ANTIGEN; TABICLOR; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ANTIBIOTIC THERAPY; ANTIBODY TITER; ANTIGEN DETECTION; ARTICLE; BLOOD SAMPLING; CLINICAL FEATURE; CONTROLLED STUDY; DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURE; DIAGNOSTIC VALUE; DRUG EFFICACY; HUMAN; INTERMETHOD COMPARISON; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; PHARYNGITIS; PREDICTIVE VALIDITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; SEROLOGY; STREPTOCOCCUS GROUP A; STREPTOCOCCUS INFECTION; STREPTOCOCCUS PYOGENES; STREPTOLYSIN TITER; THROAT CULTURE; TONSILLITIS;

BACTERIA (MICROORGANISMS); STREPTOCOCCUS; STREPTOCOCCUS PYOGENES;

EID: 33845945852     PISSN: 09674845     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/09674845.2006.11732740     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. Veasy LG, Wiedmeier SE, Orsmond GS et al. Resurgence of acute rheumatic fever in the intermountain area of the United States. N Engl J Med 1987; 316: 421-7.
2. Pichichero ME. Group A streptococcal tonsillopharyngitis: cost-effective diagnosis and treatment. Ann Emerg Med 1995; 25: 390-403.
3. Krause RM. A half-century of streptococcal research: then and now. Indian J Med Res 2002; 115: 215-41.
4. Gerber MA, Shulman ST. Rapid diagnosis of pharyngitis caused by group A streptococci. Clin Microbiol Rev 2004; 17: 571-80.
5. Cunningham MW. Pathogenesis of group A streptococcal infections. Clin Microbiol Rev 2000; 13: 470-511.
6. Levy SB. The antibiotic paradox. New York: Plenum Press, 1992.
7. Steel RW. Treating strep throat: time for a change? Infect Med 1998; 15: 617-21.
8. Bassili A, Barakat S, Sawaf G, Zaher S, Zaki A, Saleh E. Identification of clinical criteria for group A β-haemolytic streptococcal pharyngitis in children living in a rheumatic fever endemic area. J Trop Pediatr 2002; 48: 285-93.
9. Dagnelie CF, Touw-Otten FWMM, Kuyvenhoven MM et al. Bacterial flora in patients presenting with sore throat in Dutch general practice. Fam Pract 1993; 10: 371-7.
10. Brien JH, Bass JW. Streptococcal pharyngitis: optimal site for throat culture. J Pediatr 1985; 106: 781-3.
11. Campos JM. Laboratory diagnosis of group A streptococcal pharyngitis. Infect Dis Clin Pract 1993; 2: 303-7.
12. Paradise JL. Etiology and management of pharyngitis and pharyngotonsillitis in children: a current review. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1992; 101: 51-7.
13. Pichichero ME, Disney FA, Green JL et al. Comparative reliability of clinical, culture and antigen detection methods for the diagnosis of group A beta hemolytic streptococcal tonsillopharyngitis. Pediatr Ann 1992; 21: 798-805.
14. Odio A. Testing for streptococcal pharyngitis (Letter). JAMA 1986; 256: 2516.
15. Heiter BJ, Bourbeau PP. Comparison of two rapid streptococcal antigen detection assays with culture for diagnosis of streptococcal pharyngitis. J Clin Microbiol 1995; 33: 1408-10.
16. Chapin KC, Blake P, Wilson CD. Performance characteristics and utilization of rapid antigen test. DNA probe and culture for detection of group A streptococci in an acute care clinic. J Clin Microbiol 2002; 40: 4207-10.
17. Pichichero M. Sore throat after sore throat. Are you asking the critical questions? Postgrad Med 1997; 101: 204-9.
18. DiMatteo LA, Lowenstein SR, Brimhall B, Reiquam W, Gonzales R. The relationship between the clinical features of pharyngitis and the sensitivity of a rapid antigen test. Ann Emerg Med 2001; 38: 648-52.
19. Dangnelie C, Bartelink M, Graaf Y, Goessens W, Melker R. Towards a better diagnosis of throat infections (with group A β-haemolytic streptococcus) in general practice. Br J Gen Pract 1998; 148: 959-62.
20. Mulherin SA, Miller WC. Spectrum bias or spectrum effect? Subgroup variation in diagnostic test evaluation. Ann Intern Med 2002; 137: 598-602.
21. Yazerman EP, den Boer JW, Lettinga KD, Schellekens J, Dankert J, Peeters M. Sensitivity of three urinary antigen tests associated with clinical senstivity in a large outbreak of Legionnaires' disease in The Netherlands. J Clin Microbiol 2002; 40: 3232-6.
22. Hall M, Kieke B, Gonzales R, Belongia E. Spectrum bias of rapid antigen detection test for group A β-haemolytic streptococcal pharyngitis in a pediatric population. Pediatrics. 2004; 114: 182-6.
23. Moyer NP, Quinn Ph, Showalter CA. Evaluation of the Directigen 1,2,3 group A strep test diagnosis of streptococcal pharyngitis. J Clin Microbiol 1990; 28: 1661-3.
24. Santo O, Weckx L, Pignatari A, Pignatari S. Detection of group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus employing three different detection methods: culture, rapid antigen detecting test and molecular assay. Braz J Infect Dis 2003; 7: 297-300.
25. Bisno AL, Gerber MA, Gwaltney J. Practical guideline for the diagnosis and management of group A streptococcal pharyngitis. Clin Infect Dis 2002; 35: 113-25.
26. Cooper RJ, Hoffman JR, Bartlett JG et al. Principles of appropriate antibiotic use for acute pharyngitis in adults: background. Ann Intern Med 2001; 134: 509-17.
27. Gerber MA, Randolph MF, Mayo DR. The group A streptococcal carrier state. A re-examination. Am J Dis Child 1997; 142: 562-5.
28. Flemingham D, Feldman O, Hryniewicz W et al. Surveillance of resistance in bacteria causing community-acquired respiratory tract infections. Clin Microbiol Infect 2002; 8 (Suppl 2): 12-42.
29. Claxton AJ, Cramer J, Pierce C. A systematic review of the association between dose regimens and medication compliance. Clin Ther 2001; 23: 1296-310.
30. Cohen R. Defining the optimum treatment regimen for azithromycin in acute tonsillopharyngitis. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2004; 23: 129-34.
31. Pichichero M. Short course antibiotic therapy for respiratory infections: a review of the evidence. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2000; 19: 929-7.
32. McCarty J, Hedrick JA, Gooch WM. Clarithromycin suspension versus penicillin V suspension in children with streptococcal pharyngitis. Adv Ther 2000; 17: 14-26.
33. Schaad UB, Kellerhals P, Altwegg M. The Swiss Pharyngitis Study Group. Azithromycin versus penicillin V for treatment of acute group A streptococcal pharyngitis. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2002; 21: 304-8.
34. Cohen R, Reinert P, de la Rocque F et al. Comparison of two dosages of azithromycin for three days versus penicillin V for ten days in acute group A streptococcal tonsillopharyngitis. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2002; 21: 297-303.
35. Casey JR, Pichichero ME. Higher dosages of azithromycin are more effective in treatment of group A streptococcus tonsillopharyngitis. Clin Infect Dis 2005; 40: 1748-55.
36. Shibl AM. Patterns of macrolide resistance determinants among S. pyogenes and S. pneumoniae isolates in Saudi Arabia. J Int Med Res 2005; 33: 349-55.