Patterns of macrolide resistance determinants among S. pyogenes and S. pneumoniae isolates in Saudi Arabia

Journal of International Medical Research

Volumn 33, Issue 3, 2005, Pages 349-355

  Shibl, A M ^a  

^a KING SAUD UNIVERSITY   (Saudi Arabia)

Author keywords

Antibiotic resistance; Macrolides; S. pneumoniae; S. pyogenes

Indexed keywords

AZITHROMYCIN; CLINDAMYCIN; MACROLIDE; MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE PROTEIN; PENICILLIN G;

ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE; ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY; ARTICLE; BACTERIUM ISOLATION; CONTROLLED STUDY; DIFFUSION; MEDICAL DECISION MAKING; MINIMUM INHIBITORY CONCENTRATION; NONHUMAN; PHENOTYPE; RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTION; SAUDI ARABIA; STRAIN DIFFERENCE; STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE; STREPTOCOCCUS PYOGENES;

EID: 19644370626     PISSN: 03000605     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/147323000503300310     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. Betriu C, Casado MC, Gomez M, Sanchez A, Palau ML, Picazo JJ: Incidence of erythromycin resistance in Streptococcus pyogenes: a 10-year study. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 1999; 33: 255-260.
2. Garcia-Bermejo I, Cacho J, Orden B, Alos JI, Gomez-Garces JL: Emergence of erythromycin-resistant, clindamycin-susceptible Streptococcus pyogenes isolates in Madrid, Spain. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1998; 42: 989-990.
3. Giovanetti E, Montanari MP, Mingoia M, Varaldo PE: Phenotypes and genotypes of erythromycin-resistant Streptococcus pyogenes strains in Italy and heterogeneity of inducibly resistant strains. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1999; 43: 1935-1940.
4. Hsueh PR, Chen HM, Huang AH, Wu JJ: Decreased activity of erythromycin against Streptococcus pyogenes in Taiwan. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1995; 39: 2239-2242.
5. Kataja J, Huovinen P, Skurnik M, Seppola H: Erythromycin resistance genes in group A streptococci in Finland. The Finnish Study Group for Antimicrobial Resistance. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1999; 43: 48-52.
6. Doern GV, Brueggemann AB, Huynh H, Wingert E: Antimicrobial resistance with Streptococcus pneumoniae in the United States, 1997-98. Emerg Infect Dis 1999; 5: 757-764.
7. Katz KC, McGeer AJ, Duncan CL, Ashi-Sulaiman A, Willey BM, Sarabia A, et al: Emergence of macrolide resistance in throat culture isolates of group A streptococci in Ontario, Canada, in 2001. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2003; 47: 2370-2372.
8. Hsueh PR, Chen HM, Lu YC, Wu JJ: Antimicrobial resistance and serotype distribution of Streptococcus pneumoniae strains isolated in southern Taiwan. J Formos Med Assoc 1996; 95: 29-36.
9. Shibl AM, Hussein SS: Surveillance of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes in Riyadh and their susceptibility to penicillin and other commonly prescribed antibiotics. J Antimicrob Chemother 1992; 29: 149-157.
10. Doern G, Heilmann KP, Huynh HK, Rhomberg PR, Coffman SL, Brueggemann AB: Antimicrobial resistance among clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae in the United States during 1999-2000, including a comparison of resistance rates since 1994-1995. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2001; 45: 1721-1729.
11. Felmingham D, Washington J: Trends in the antimicrobial susceptibility of bacterial respiratory tract pathogens - findings of the Alexander Project 1992-1996. J Chemother 1999; 11 (Suppl 1): 5-21.
12. Shibl AM, Al Rasheed AM, Elbashier AM, Osoba AO: Penicillin-resistant and -intermediate Streptococcus pneumoniae in Saudi Arabia. J Chemother 2000; 12: 134-137.
13. National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS): Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing; 13th Informational Supplement. Document M100-S13. Wayne, PA: NCCLS, 2003.
14. National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS): Methods for Dilution Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests for Bacteria that Grow Aerobically. Approved Standard, 6th edn. Document M7-A6. Wayne, PA: NCCLS, 2003.
15. Seppala H, Nissinen A, Yu Q, Huovinen P: Three different phenotypes of erythromycin-resistant Streptococcus pyogenes in Finland. J Antimicrob Chemother 1993; 32: 885-891.
16. Cunningham MW: Pathogenesis of group A streptococcal infections. Clin Microbiol Rev 2000; 13: 470-511.
17. Cha S, Lee H, Lee K, Hwang K, Bae S, Lee Y: The emergence of erythromycin-resistant Streptococcus pyogenes in Seoul, Korea. J Infect Chemother 2001; 7: 81-86.
18. Bingen E, Fitoussi F, Doit C, Cohen R, Tanna A, George R, et al: Resistance to macrolides, in Streptococcus pyogenes in France in pediatric patients. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2000; 44: 1453-1457.
19. Green M, Martin JM, Barbadora KA, Beall B, Wald ER: Reemergence of macrolide resistance in pharyngeal isolates of group A streptococci in southwestern Pennsylvania. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2004; 48: 473-476.
20. Martinez. S, Amoroso AM, Famiglietti A, de Mier C, Vay C, Gutkind GO; Working Group of Carrera de Especialcion en Bacteriologia: Genetic and phenotypic characterization of resistance to macrolides in Streptococcus pyogenes from Argentina. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2004; 23: 95-98.
21. Reinert RR, Lutticken R, Sutcliffe JA, Tait-Kamradt A, Cil MY, Schorn HM, et al: Clonal relatedness of erythromycin-resistant Streptococcus pyogenes isolates in Germany. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2004; 48: 1369-1373.
22. Kataja J, Huovinen P, Muotiala A, Vuopio-Varkila J, Efstratiou A, Hallas G, et al: Clonal spread of group A streptococcus with the new type of erythromycin resistance. Finnish Study Group for Antimicrobial Resistance. J Infect Dis 1998; 177: 786-789.
23. Perez-Trallero E, Marimon JM, Montes M, Orden B, de Pablos M: Clonal differences among erythromycin-resistant Streptococcus pyogenes in Spain. Emerg Infect Dis 1999; 5: 235-240.
24. Garcia-Rey C, Aguilar L, Baquero F, Cosal J, Martin JE: Pharmacoepidemiological analysis of provincial differences between consumption of macrolides and rates of erythromycin resistance among Streptococcus pyogenes isolates in Spain. J Clin Microbiol 2002; 40: 2959-2963.
25. Alos JI, Aracil B, Oteo J, Gomez-Garces JL; Spanish Group for the Study of Infection in the Primary Health Care Setting (IAP-SEIMC): Significant increase in the prevalence of erythromycin-resistant, clindamycin- and miocamycin-susceptible (M phenotype) Streptococcus pyogenes in Spain. J Antimicrob Chemother 2003; 51: 333-337.
26. Johnston NJ, De Azavedo JC, Kellner JD, Low DE: Prevalence and characterization of the mechanisms of macrolide, lincosamide, and streptogramin resistance in isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1998; 42: 2425-2426.
27. Lagrou K, Peetermans WE, Verhaegen J, Van Lierde S, Verbist L, Van Eldere J: Macrolide resistance in Belgian Streptococcus pneumoniae. J Antimicrob Chemother 2000; 45: 119-121.
28. Oster P, Zanchi A, Cresti S, Lattanzi M, Montagnani F, Cellesi C, et al: Patterns of macrolide resistance determinants among community-acquired Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates over a 5-year period of decreased macrolide susceptibility rates. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1999; 43: 2510-2512.
29. Shortridge VD, Doern GV, Brueggemann AB, Beyer JM, Flamm RK: Prevalence of macrolide resistance mechanisms in Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from a multicenter antibiotic resistance surveillance study conducted in the United States in 1994-1995. Clin Infect Dis 1999; 29: 1186-1188.
30. Sutcliffe J, Tait-Kamradt A, Wondrack L: Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus pyogenes resistant to macrolides but sensitive to clindamycin: a common resistance pattern mediated by an efflux system. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1996; 40: 1817-1824.
31. Tait-Kamradt A, Davies T, Appelbaum PC, Depardieu F, Courvalin P, Petitpas J, et al: Two new mechanisms of macrolide resistance in clinical strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae from Eastern Europe and North America. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2000; 44: 3395-3401.
32. Whitney CG, Farley MM, Hadler J, Harrison LH, Lexau C, Reingold A, et al: Increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae in the United States. N Engl J Med 2000; 343: 1917-1924.
33. Mason EO, Jr, Wald ER, Bradley JS, Burson WJ, Kaplan SL; United States Pediatric Multicenter Pneumococcal Surveillance Study Group: Macrolide resistance among middle ear isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae observed at eight United States pediatric centers: prevalence of M and MLSB phenotypes. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2003; 22: 623-627.
34. Memish ZA, Shibl AM, Ahmed QA, Saudi Arabian Community-Acquired Pneumonia Working Group (SACAPWG): Guidelines for the management of community-acquired pneumonia in Saudi Arabia: a model for the Middle East region. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2002; 20: S1-S12.
35. Amsden GW: Pneumococcal macrolide resistance - myth or reality? J Antimicrob Chemother 1999; 44: 1-6.
36. Rodvold KA, Gotfried MH, Danziger LH, Servi RJ: Intrapulmonary steady-state concentrations of clarithromycin and azithromycin in healthy adult volunteers. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1997; 41: 1399-1402.