Copper: Role of the 'endogenous' and 'exogenous' metal on the development and control of inflammatory processes

Reviews on Environmental Health

Volumn 21, Issue 3, 2006, Pages 153-215

  Milanino, Roberto ^a   Buchner, Virginia ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF VERONA   (Italy)

^b WEIZMANN INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE   (Israel)

Author keywords

Anti inflammatory agents; Copper anti inflammatory activity; Copper acute experimental inflammation; Copper chronic experimental inflammation; Copper deficiency; Copper metabolism; Copper rheumatoid arthritis; Copper therapeutic use; Non steroidal

Indexed keywords

ACETYLSALICYLATE COPPER; ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID; ALCUSAL; ANTIMALARIAL AGENT; BASIC COPPER CARBONATE; COPPER; COPPER ACETATE; COPPER ALANINE; COPPER ANTHRANILATE; COPPER CHLORIDE; COPPER COMPLEX; COPPER METALLOTHIONEIN; COPPER OXIDE; COPPER PIROXICAM; COPPER SALICYLATE; COPPER THIOMALATE; COPPER TRYPTOPHAN; COPPER ZINC SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE; CORTISONE; CYSTEINE COPPER; DERMUSCAL; FENAMOLE COPPER ACETATE; GOLD DERIVATIVE; GOLD SALT; HISTIDINE COPPER; NONSTEROID ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENT; PENICILLAMINE; SALICYLATE SODIUM; SALICYLIC ACID; SALICYLIC ACID DERIVATIVE; TYPHOID VACCINE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; UNINDEXED DRUG;

ACUTE DISEASE; ADJUVANT ARTHRITIS; ANTIINFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY; ARTHRITIS; CARDIOTOXICITY; CHRONIC INFLAMMATION; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONNECTIVE TISSUE; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; COPPER BLOOD LEVEL; COPPER DEFICIENCY; COPPER METABOLISM; DISEASE CONTROL; DISEASE SEVERITY; DRUG ABSORPTION; DRUG BIOAVAILABILITY; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG SAFETY; ELECTROLYTE BLOOD LEVEL; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; ENZYME ACTIVITY; EXUDATE; GASTROINTESTINAL SYMPTOM; GLUCOSE BLOOD LEVEL; HISTAMINE RELEASE; HOMEOSTASIS; HUMAN; IMMUNE RESPONSE; IMMUNE SYSTEM; IMMUNOREACTIVITY; INFLAMMATION; ISCHEMIA; LEUKOCYTE ACTIVATION; LEUKOCYTE MIGRATION; LIVER; LIVER TOXICITY; LUNG TOXICITY; MULTIPLE CYCLE TREATMENT; NAUSEA; NEPHROTOXICITY; NEUROTOXICITY; NEUTROPHIL CHEMOTAXIS; NONHUMAN; PATHOGENESIS; PAW EDEMA; PROSTAGLANDIN SYNTHESIS; REVIEW; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; SIDE EFFECT; TINNITUS; TYPHOID FEVER; URINALYSIS; WILSON DISEASE;

EID: 33845927421     PISSN: 00487554     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1515/REVEH.2006.21.3.153     Document Type: Review

References (287)

1. World Health Organization. Copper, Environmental Health Criteria No. 200, Geneva, Switzerland: WHO, 1998.
2. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). Toxicological profile for copper. Atlanta, Georgia, USA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Public Health Service. 2004. www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/tp132-c2.pdf
3. Hong S, Candelone JP, Patterson CC, Boutron CF. History of ancient copper smelting pollution during Roman and medieval times recorded in Greenland ice. Science 1996; 272(5259): 246-249.
4. Linder MC, Hazegh-Azam M. Copper biochemistry and molecular biology. Am J Clin Nutr. 1996 63: 797S-811S.
5. Albergoni V. Physiological properties of copper and zinc. In: Rainsford KD, Milanino R, Sorenson JRJ, Velo GP, eds, Copper and Zinc in Inflamma-tory and Degenerative Diseases. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1998; 7-18.
6. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Summary review of the health effects associated with copper. Cincinatti, Ohio, USA: EPA 600/8-87/001, 1987.
7. Roitt I. Essential Immunology, Seventh edition. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Scientific Publications. 1991.
8. Stevens A, Lowe JS, Young B: Wheater's Basic Histopathology, Fourth edition, Part 1, Chapter 2. Basic Inflammation, Healing and Repair. London, UK: Churchill Livingstone, 2002
9. Wintrobe MM, Cartwright CE, Gubler CJ. Studies on the function and metabolism of copper. J Nutr 1953; 50: 395-419.
10. Sweeney SC. Alterations in tissues and serum ceruloplasmin concentration associated with inflammation. J Dental Res 1967; 46, 1171-1176.
11. Lorber A, coppertler LS, Chang CC. Serum copper levels in rheumatoid arthritis: relationship of elevated copper to protein alteration. Arthritis Rheum 1968; 11, 65-71.
12. Karabelas DS. Copper metabolism in the adjuvant induced arthritic rat, Ph.D. thesis, Michigan State University, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA, 1972.
13. Rainsford KD. Adjuvant polyarthritis in rats: is this a satisfactory model for screening anti-arthritic drugs? Agents Actions 1982; 12, 452-458.
14. Milanino R, Marrella M, Velo GP. Copper in the treatment of arthritic conditions: myth or reality? La chimica e l'Industria (C&I) 1994; 76: 138-143.
15. Sorenson JRJ. Copper chelates as possible active forms of the anti-arthritic agents. J Med Chem 1976; 19, 135-148.
16. Whitehouse MW. Ambivalent role of copper in inflammatory disorders. Agents Actions 1976; 6: 201-206.
17. Scheinberg HI, Sternlieb I. Wilson's Disease Vol. XXIII: Major Problems in Internal Medicine. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA: WB Saunders Company, 1984; 126-155.
18. Owen CA Jr, Hazelrig JB. Copper deficiency and copper toxicity in the rat. Am J Physiol 1968; 215, 334-338.
19. Milanino R, Passarella E, Velo GP. Adjuvant arthritis in copper deficient rats. Joint Meeting of German and Italian Pharmacologists, Venice I, October 4-6, 1977, Abstract 366.
20. Fields M, Lewis GC, Antholine WE, Burns WA, Lure Md. Hepatic iron overload may be responsible for the severity of copper deficiency in rats fed fructose. In: Anastassopoulou J, Collery P, Etienne J-C, Theophanides T, eds, Metal Ions in Biology and Medicine Vol. 2. Paris, France: F: John Libbey Eurotext, 1992; 408-413.
21. Milanino R, Mazzoli S, Passarella E, Tarter G, Velo GP. Carrageenan oedema in copper-deficient rats. Agents Actions 1978; 8: 618-622.
22. Denko CW. Protective role of ceruloplasmin in inflammation. Agents Actions 1979; 9: 336-333.
23. Denko CW, Petricevic M, Whitehouse MW. Inflammation in relation to dietary intake of zinc and copper. Int J Tiss Reac 1981; 3: 73-76.
24. Conforti A, Franco L, Milanino R, Velo GP. Copper and ceruloplasmin (Cp) concentration during the acute inflammatory process in the rat. Agents Actions 1982; 12: 303-307.
25. Linder MC. Biochemystry of copper. New York, NY, USA: Plenum Press, 1991; 312-402.
26. Milanino R, Conforti A, Fracasso ME, Franco L, Leone R, Passarella E, et al. Concerning the role of endogenous copper in the acute inflammatory process. Agents Actions 1979; 9: 581-588.
27. Kishore V, Wokocha B, Fourcade L. Effect of nutritional copper deficiency on carrageenan edema in the rat. A quantitative study. Biol Trac Elem Res 1990; 23: 97-107.
28. Laroche MJ, Chappuis P, Henry Y, Rousselet F. Ceruloplasmin: Experimental anti-inflammatory activity and physicochemical properties: In: Sorenson JRJ, ed, Inflammatory Diseases and Copper. Clifton, New Jersey, USA: Humana Press, 1982; 61-70.
29. Milanino R, Passarella E, Velo GP. Copper and inflammation. In: Weissmann G, Samuelsson B, Paoletti R, eds, Advances in Inflammation Research Vol. 1. New York, NY, USA: Raven Press, 1979; 281-291.
30. Bohnenkamp W, Weser U. 2copper,2Zn-superoxide dismutase in copper depleted rats. In: Michelson AM, McCord JM, Fridovich I, eds, Superoxide and Superoxide Dismutases. New York, NY, USA: Academic Press, 1977; 387-394.
31. Williams DM, Lynch RE, Lee GR, Cartwright GE. Superoxide dismutase activity in copper-deficient swine. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1975; 149: 534-536.
32. Brigelius R, Spottl R, Bors W, Lengfelder E, Saran M, Weser U. Superoxide dismutase activity of low molecular weight Cu(2+)ion chelates studied by pulse radiolysis. FEBS Lett 1974; 47: 72-75.
33. Richardson T. Salicylates, copper complexes, free radicals and arthritis. J Pharm Pharmacol 1976; 28: 666-669.
34. Milanino R, Passarella E, Velo GP. Adjuvant arthritis in young copper-deficient rats. Agents Actions 1978; 8: 623-628.
35. West GB. Diet and adjuvant arthritis in the rat. Int Archs Allergy Appl Immun 1980; 63: 347-350.
36. 2α. Biochem Biophys Acta 1972; 260: 203-211.
37. Maddox IS. The role of copper in prostaglandin synthesis. Biochem Biophys Acta. 306; 74-81.
38. Velo GP, Dunn CJ, Giroud GP, Timsit J, Willoughby DA. Distribution of prostaglandins in inflammatory exudates. J Pathol 1973; 111: 149-158.
39. Giroud JP, Velo GP, Willoughby DA. The role of prostaglandins and cyclic nucleotides in Inflammation. In: Berti F, Samuelsson B, Velo GP, eds, Prostaglandins and Thromboxanes. New York, NY, USA: Plenum Press, 1977; 323-344.
40. Treagan L. Metals and the immune response. A review. Res Comm Chem Path Pharmacol 1975; 12: 189-220.
41. Kishore V, Latman N, Roberts DW, Barnett JB, Sorenson, JRJ. Effects of nutritional copper deficiency on adjuvant arthritis and immunocompe-tence in the rat. Agents Actions 1984; 14: 274-282.
42. Koj A. Acute-phase reactants and lysosomal enzymes in the blood of rats with experimental inflammation and radiation injury. Folia Biologica 1970; 18: 274-286.
43. Powanda MC, Cokerell GL, Pekarek R.S. Amino acid and zinc movement in relation to protein synthesis early in inflammation. Am J Physiol 1973; 225: 339-401.
44. Thompson HJ, Griminger P, Evans JL. Apparent increase in the requirement of trace minerals subsequent to severe trauma. Fed Proc 1976; 35: 343 (Abstract 767).
45. Milanino R, Cassini A, Conforti A, Franco L, Marrella M, Moretti U, et al. Copper and zinc status during acute inflammation: studies on blood, liver and kidneys metal levels in normal and inflamed rats. Agents Actions 1986; 19: 215-223.
46. Milanino R, Marrella M, Moretti U, Concari E, Velo GP. Copper and zinc status in rats with acute inflammation: focus on the inflamed area. Agents Actions 1988; 24: 356-364.
47. Podhradska M, Podhradsky D, Andrisina J. Effect of inflammation on serum glycoproteins in rabbit. Folia Biologica 1976; 22: 312-319.
48. McGahan MC. Copper and aspirin treatment increase the antioxidant activity of plasma. Agents Actions 1990; 31: 59-64.
49. McGahan MC, Fleisher LN, Grimes A.M. Effects of copper depletion and D-penicillamine treatment on the ocular inflammatory response. Agents Actions 1991; 34: 405-409.
50. Ganrot K. Plasma protein response in experimental inflammation in the dog. Res Exp Med 1973; 161: 251-261.
51. Bieganski T, Blasinska MZ, Kusche J. Determination of histaminase (diamine oxidase) activity by o-dianisine test: Interference of ceruloplasmin. Agents Actions, 1977; 7: 85-92.
52. Ward WF, Molteni A, Fitzsimons FJ, Hinz HJ. Serum copper concentration as an index of lung injury in rats exposed to hemitorax irradiation. Radiat Res 1988; 114: 613-620.
53. Petryna LH. Copper content in the blood of irradiated animals. Fiziol Zh 2003; 49: 97-104.
54. Cousis RJ, Swerdel MR. Ceruloplasmin and metallothionein induction by zinc and 13-cis-retinoic acid in rats with adjuvant inflammation. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1985; 179: 168-172.
55. Oliva JC, Castell M, Queralt J, Castellotte C. Effect of chronic inflammation on copper and zinc metabolism. Rev Resp Fisiol 1987; 43: 25-31.
56. Milanino R, Moretti U, Concari E, Marrella M, Velo GP. Copper and zinc status in adjuvant arthritic rats: Studies on blood, liver, kidney, spleen and inflamed paws. Agents Actions 1988; 24: 365-376.
57. Néve J, Fontaine J, Peretz A, Famey JP. Changes in zinc, copper and selenium status during adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats. Agents Actions 1988; 25: 146-155.
58. Kishore V. Effects of copper aspirinate and aspirin on tissue copper, zinc, and iron concentrations following chronic oral treatment in the adjuvant arthritic rat. Biol Trace Element Res 1990; 25: 123-135.
59. Fisher GL. Effects of disease on serum copper and zinc. Values in the beagle. Am J Vet Res 1977; 38: 935-940.
60. Feldman RF, Kaneko JJ, Farver TB. Anemia of inflammatory disease in the dog: Clinical characterization. Am J Vet Res 1981; 42: 1109-1113.
61. Kishore V, Boutte V, Fourcade L. Nutritional copper deficiency does not affect sponge granuloma formation in the rat. Biol Trace Element Res 1990; 25: 115-122.
62. Gitlin JD. Ceruloplasmin gene expression during inflammation. J Biol Chem 1988; 263: 6281-6287.
63. Freeman PC, O'Callaghan P. Decrease bioavail-able copper in rat and human arthritic plasma. A rationale for copper therapy. Br J Pharmacol 1987; 90 (Proc. Suppl.): 49P.
64. Cousins RJ. Absorption, transport, and hepatic metabolism of copper and zinc: Special reference to metallothionein and ceruloplasmin. Physiol Rev 1985; 65: 238-309.
65. Milanino R, Marrella M, Gasperini R, Pasqualicchio M, Velo GP. Copper and zinc body levels in inflammation: an overview of the data obtained from animal and human studies. Agents Actions 1993; 39: 195-209.
66. Milanino, R, Moretti U, Marrella M, Pasqual-icchio M, Gasperini R, Velo GP. Copper and zinc levels in inflammation. In: Berthon G, ed, Handbook of Metal-Ligand Interactions in Biological Fluids Vol. 2. New York, NY, USA: Marcel Dekker, 1995, 1077-1083.
67. Milanino R, Frigo A, Bamabara LM, Marrella M, Moretti U, Pasqualicchio M, et al. Copper and zinc status in rheumatoid arthritis: Studies on plasma, erythrocytes, and urine, and relationship with disease activity markers and pharmacological treatment. Clin ExpRheumatol 1993; 11: 271-281.
68. Conforti A, Franco L, Milanino R, Totorizzo A, Velo GP. Copper metabolism during acute inflammation: studies on liver and serum copper concentrations in normal and inflamed rats. Br J Pharmacol 1983; 79: 45-52.
69. Milanino R, Marrella M, Velo GP, Cristofori P, Terron A. Regulation by copper of adjuvant-arthritis: a model of chronic inflammation especially suitable for studying the mechanism of copper antiinflammatory activity. In: Rainsford KD, Milanino R, Sorenson JRJ, Velo GP, eds, Copper and Zinc in Inflammatory and Degenerative Diseases. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1998, 147-159.
70. Albergoni V, Cassini A, Favero N, Rocco GP. Effect of penicillamine on some metals and metalloproteins in the rat. Biochem Pharmacol 1975; 24: 1131-1133.
71. Milanino R, Marrella M, Crivellente F, Benoni G, copperzzolin L. Nutritional supplementation with copper in the rat. I. Effects on adjuvant arthritis development and on some in vivo and ex vivo markers of blood neutrophils. Inflamm Res 2000; 49: 214-223.
72. Al-Awadi FM, Khan I, Dashti HM, Srikumar TS. Colitis-induced changes in the levels of trace elements in rat colon and other tissues. Ann Nutr Metab 1998; 42: 304-310.
73. Mercer-Smith JA, Cole DA, Roberts JC, Lewis D, Beher MJ, Lavalle DK. The biodistribution of radiocopper-labeled compounds. Adv Exp Med Biol 1989; 258: 103-121.
74. 64Cu in inflamed rats following administration of two antiinflammatory copper complexes. Agents Actions 1985; 17: 104-111.
75. Hurley JV. Acute inflammation, Edinburgh, UK: Churchill Livingstone 1972; Chapters 1, 10, 12.
76. Arrigoni Martelli E. Aspetti di farmacologia dell' infiammazione, Milano, Italy: Tamburini Editore 1973; 97.
77. Swingle KF. Evaluation for antiinflammatory activity. In: Sherrer RA, Whitehouse MW, eds, Antiinflammatory Agents: Chemistry and Pharmacology, Vol. IL New York, NY, USA: Academic Press, 1974, 33-122.
78. Altman PL, Dittmer DS. Biology data book, Washington, DC, USA: Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology, 1964; 263-514.
79. Underwood EJ. Trace Elements in Human and Animal Nutrition, Fourth Edition, New York, NY, USA: Academic Press, 1977; 56-108.
80. Lahey ME, Gubler CJ, Cartwright GE, Wintrobe MM. Studies on copper metabolism. VII. Blood copper in pregnancy and various pathological states. J Clin Invest 1953; 32: 337-337.
81. Kryukova NA. Index of inhibition of cerulo-plasmin activity under the effect of ascorbic acid in vitro, in acute inflammatory process. Lab Delo 1972; 31: 153-156.
82. Pekarek RS, Beisel R. Redistribution and sequestering of essential trace elements during acute infections. In: Rodriguez JM, ed, Proc. IX Int Congr Nutr Mexico (1972) Vol 2, Basel, Switzerland: Karger, 1975, 193-198.
83. Niedermeier W, Griggs JH. Trace metal composition of synovial fluid and blood serum of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. J Chrom Dis 1971; 23: 527-536.
84. Pruzanski W, Russel LM, Gordon DA, Ogryzlo MA. Serum and synovial fluid proteins in rheumatoid arthritis and degenerative joint disease. Am J Med Sci 1973; 265: 483-490.
85. Bajapyee DP. Significance of plasma copper and caeruloplasmin concentrations in rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 1975; 34: 162-165.
86. Jayson MIV, Davis P, Whitcher JT, Walters G. Serum copper and caeruloplasmin in ankylosing spondylitis, systemic sclerosis, and morphea. Ann Rheum Dis 1976; 35: 443-445.
87. Aaseth J, Munthe E, Forre O, Soeinnes E. Trace elements in serum and urine of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Scand J Rheumatol 1978; 7: 237-240.
88. Scudder PR, McMurray W, White AG, Dormandy TL. Synovial fluid copper and related variables in rheumatoid and degenerative arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 1978; 37: 71-72.
89. Banford JC, Brown DH, Hazelton RA, McNeil CJ, Sturrock RD, Smith RD. Serum copper and erythrocyte superoxide dismutase in rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 1982; 41: 458-462.
90. Conforti A, Franco L, Menegale G, Milanino R, Piemonte G, Velo GP. Serum copper and ceruloplasmin levels in rheumatoid arthritis and degenerative joint disease and their pharmacological implications. Pharmacol Res Commun 1983; 15: 859-867.
91. Hyorä H, Makela A-L, Pakarinen P, Bergman T, Nanto V. Trace elements (copper, zinc and iron) in serum of rheumatic children living in south-western Finland. Acta Pharmacol Toxicol 1986; 59 (Suppl 7), 403-405.
92. Peretz A, Nève J, Vertongen F, Famey JP. Synovial fluid copper, zinc and selenium in relation to inflammatory parameters in rheumatic diseases. In: Sorenson JRJ, ed, Biology of Copper Complexes. Clifton, New Jersey, USA: Humana Press, 1987; 583-589.
93. Mussalo-Rauhamaa H, Konttinen YT, Letho J, Honkanen V. Predictive clinical and laboratory parameters for serum zinc and copper in rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 1988; 47: 816-819.
94. Moretti U, Frigo A, Marrella M, Velo GP, Tambalo C, Bambara LM, et al. Copper and zinc in plasma, blood cells and urine of rheumatoid patients, Pharmacol Res Commun 1988; 20 (Suppl 1): 19-20.
95. Frigo A, Bamabara LM, Concari E, Marrella M, Moretti U, Tambalo C, et al. Concerning the potential therapeutic value of zinc in rheumatoid and psoriatic arthritis. In: Milanino R, Rainsford KD, Velo GP, eds, Copper and Zinc in Inflammation. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1989, 133-142.
96. Peretz A, Néve J, Famey JP. Effects of chronic and acute corticosteroid therapy on zinc and copper status in rheumatoid arthritis patients. J Trace Element Electrolytes Health Dis 1989; 3: 103-108.
97. Bacon MC, White PH, Raiten DJ, Craft N, Margolis S, Levander OA, et al. Nutritional status and growth in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Seminars Arth Rheum 1990; 20: 97-106.
98. Klevay LM. An appraisal of current human copper nutriture. In: Sorenson JRJ, ed, Inflammatory Diseases and Copper. Clifton, New Jersey, USA: Humana Press, 1982; 123-132.
99. Rainsford KD. Environmental metal perturbation, especially as they affect copper status, are factors in the etiology of arthritic conditions: an hypothesis. In: Sorenson JRJ, ed, Inflammatory Diseases and Copper. Clifton, New Jersey, USA: Humana Press, 1982; 137-143.
100. Sorenson JRJ. Copper complexes offer a physiological approach to treatment of chronic diseases. In: Ellis GP, West GB, eds, Progress in Medicinal Chemistry, Vol. 26. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Elsevier, 1989; 437-568.
101. Powanda MC. The role of endogenous mediator (endogenous pyrogen) in inflammation. In: Sorenson JRJ, ed, Inflammatory Diseases and Copper. Clifton, New Jersey, USA: Humana Press, 1982; 31-40.
102. Schrauzer GN. Inorganic elements levels in neoplasia. In: Berthon G, ed, Handbook of Metal-Ligand Interactions in Biological Fluids Vol. 2. New York, NY, USA: Marcel Dekker Inc, 1995; 1061-1066.
103. Solomons NW. Zinc and copper in human nutrition. In: Kargiouglu ZA, Sarper RM, eds, Zinc and Copper in Medicine. Springfield, Illinois, USA: Charles C. Thomas Publisher, 1980; 224-230.
104. Pennington JA. Intakes of minerals from diets and foods: is there a need for concern? J Nutr 1996; 126 (Suppl 9): 2304S-2308S.
105. Milne DB. Copper intake and assessment of copper status. Am J Clin Nutr 1998; 67 (Suppl): 1041S-1045S.
106. Olivares M, Araya M, Uauy R. Copper homeo-stasis in infant nutrition: deficit and excess. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2000; 31: 102-111.
107. Milne DB, Johnson PE. Assessment of copper status: Effect of age and gender on reference ranges in healthy adults. Clin Chem 1993; 39: 883-887.
108. Nielsen FH, Milne DB, Mullen LM, Gallagher SK. Dietary sulfur amino acids, and genetic make-up or interindividual variation affect the response of men to copper depletion. J Trace Elemen Exp Med 1990; 3: 281-296.
109. Ralston NVC, Milne DB. Effect of dietary copper on platelet volume and cytochrome c oxidase in platelets. FASEB J 1989; 3: A357 (abstract).
110. Johnson WT, Dufault SN, Thomas AC. Platelet cytochrome c oxidase is an indicator of copper status in rats. Nutr Res 1993; 13: 1153-1162.
111. Di Silvestro RA, Marten JT. Effects of inflammation and copper intake on rat liver and erythrocyte Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase activity levels. J Nutr 1990; 120: 1223-1227.
112. Pincus T, Sokka T. Rheumatoid arthritis. In: Rakel RE, Bope ET, eds, Conn's copperrrent Therapy 2004. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA: Saunders Elsevier Inc, 2004; 1021-1028.
113. Sorenson JRJ. Copper complexes. A unique class of anti-arthritic drugs. In: Ellis GP, West GB, eds, Progress in Medicinal Chemistry, Vol. 15. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Elsevier, 1978; 211-260.
114. Crouch RK, Keusler TW, Oberley LW, Sorensons JRJ. Possible medicinal uses of copper complexes. In: Karlin KD, Zubieta J, eds, Biological and Inorganic Copper Chemistry. New York, NY, USA: Adenine Press, 1985; 139-157.
115. Sorenson JRJ. Copper-potentiation of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. In: Berthon G, ed, Handbook of Metal-Ligand Interactions in Biological Fluids Vol. 2. New York, NY, USA: Marcel Dekker Inc, 1995: 1318-1324.
116. Dillon CT, Hambley TW, Kennedy BJ, Lay PA, Weder JE, Zhou Q. Copper and zinc complexes as anti-inflammatory drugs. Met Ions Biol Syst 2004; 41: 253-277.
117. Linder MC, Wooten L, Cerveza P, Cotton S, Shulze R, Lomeli N. Copper transport. Am J Clin Nutr 1998; 67 (Suppl): 965S-971S.
118. Perrin DD, Whitehouse MW. Metal ion therapy: some fundamental considerations. In: Rainsford KD, Brune K, Whitehouse MW, eds, Trace Elements in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Inflammation. Basel, Switzerland: Birkhäuser Verlag, 1981; 261-290.
119. Williams DR, Furnival C, May PM. Computer analysis of low molecular weight copper complexes in biofluids. In: Sorenson JRJ, ed, Inflammatory Diseases and Copper. Clifton, New Jersey, USA: Humana Press, 1982; 45-59.
120. Prohaska JR, Gybuna AA. Intracellular copper transport in mammals. J Nutr 2004; 134: 1003-1006.
121. Wang T, Weinmann SA. Involvement of chloride channels in hepatic metabolism: ClC-4 promotes copper incorporation into ceruloplasmin. Gastroenterology 2004; 126: 1157-1166.
122. Tao TY, Liu F, Klomp L, Wijmenga C, Gitlin JD. The copper toxicosis gene product Murr 1 directly interacts with the Wilson disease protein. J Biol Chem 2003; 278: 41593-41596.
123. Hangarter W. Die Salicylsaure und ihre Abkommlinge-Ursprung, Wiirkung und Anwendung in der Medizin, New York, NY, USA: Schattauer Veralg 1974; 3-108.
124. Hangarter W. Copper-salicylate in rheumatoid arthritis and similar degenerative disease. In: Sorenson JRJ, ed, Inflammatory Diseases and Copper. Clifton, New Jersey, USA: Humana Press, 1982; 439-452.
125. Rainsford KD. Side effects and toxicology of the salicylates. In: Raisford KD, ed, Aspirin and Related Drugs. London, UK and New York, NY, USA: CRC Press, 2004; 367-554.
126. Jackson GE, May PM, Williams DR. Metal-ligand complexes involved in rheumatoid arthritis. I. Justification for copper administration. J Inorg Nucl Chem 1978; 40: 1189-1194.
127. Brown DH, Dunlop J, Smith WE, Teape J, Cottney J, Lewis AJ. Copper distribution and reactivity in serum following administration of cuprous oxide to rats and guinea pigs. Agents Actions 1979; 9: 575-580.
128. Bonta IL. Microvascular lesions as target of antiinflammatory and certain other drugs. Acta Physiol Pharmacol Neerl 1969; 15: 188-222.
129. Withehouse MW, Walker WR. Copper and Inflammation. Agents Actions 1978; 8: 85-90.
130. Sorenson JRJ. Some copper chelates and their antiinflammatory and antiulcer activities. Inflammation 1976; 1: 317-331.
131. Sokolik J, Tumova I, Blahova M, Dankova M, Svee P. Anti-inflammatory activity of copper and zinc p-cresol dehydrate. Ceska Slov Farm 2000; 49: 203-205.
132. Sokolik J, Tumova I, Blahova M, Bernathova M, Svee P. Anti-inflammatory activity of (o-cresotinate) copper and zinc aquacomplexes. Ceska Slov Farm 2002; 51: 205-207.
133. West, G.B., The copper problem and amino acids. In: Sorenson JRJ, ed, Inflammatory Diseases and Copper. Clifton, New Jersey, USA: Humana Press, 1982; 319-327.
134. Huber W, Menander-Huber KB, Saifer MPG, Dang PH-C. Studies on the clinical and laboratory pharmacology of drug formulation of bovine Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase (Orgotein). In: Willoughby DA, Giroud JP, Velo GP, eds, Perspectives in Inflammation-Future Trends and Development. Lancaster, UK: MTP Press, 1977; 527-544.
135. Miesel R, Hartmann HJ, Weser U. Antiinflammatory reactivity of Cu(I)-thionein. Inflammation 1990; 14: 471-783.
136. Sordelli DO, Fontana PA, Amura CR. Piroxicam-copper complexes: inhibition of polymorphonuclear leukocyte migration to Pseudomonas aerugionosa chemotactins in vivo and superoxide dismutase-like activity in vitro. Agents Actions 1993; 38: 196-201.
137. Rainsford KD, Whitehouse MW. Concerning the merits of copper aspirin as potential anti-inflammatory drug. J Pharm Pharmac 1976; 28: 83-86.
138. Bonta IL, Noordhoek J. Anti-inflammatory mechanism of inflamed-tissue factor. Agents Actions 1973; 3: 348-356.
139. Lewis, A.J.A comparison of the anti-inflammatory effects of copper aspirinate and other copper salts in the rat and Guinea pig. Agents Actions 8: 244, 1978.
140. Brown HD, Smith WE, Teape JW. Antiinflammatory effects of some copper complexes. J Med Chem 1980; 23: 723-729.
141. Brown HD, Dunlop J, Smith WE, Teape J, Lewis AJ. Total serum copper and ceruloplasmin levels following administration of copper aspirinate to rats and Guinea pigs. Agents Actions 1980; 10: 465-470.
142. Arena G, Kavu G, Williams DR. Metal-ligand complexes involved in rheumatoid arthritis. V. Formation, constants for calcium(II)-, magnesium(II)- and Cu(II)salicylate interactions. J Inorg Nucl Chem 1978; 40: 1221-1226.
143. Furnival C, May PM, Williams DR. Models of low-molecular-weight Cu(II) complexing equilibria in relation to rheumatoid arthritis. In: Rainsford KD, Brune K, Whitehouse MW, eds, Trace Elements in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Inflammation. Basel, Switzerland: Birkhäuser, 1981; 241-257.
144. Brumas V, Brumas B, Berthon G. Cu(II) interactions with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent. I. Salicylic acid and acetylsalicylic acid. J Inorg Biochem 1995; 57: 191-207.
145. Rainsford KD. Aspirin and NSAIDs in the prevention of cancer, Alzheimer's disease and other novel therapeutic actions. In: Raisford KD, ed, Aspirin and Related Drugs. London, UK and New York, NY, USA: CRC Press, 2004; 707-756.
146. Williams DA, Waltz DT, Foye WO. Synthesis and biological evaluation of tetrakis(acetylsalicylato)-mu-diCu(II). J Pharm Sci 1976; 65: 126-128.
147. 4 complexes in tissue distribution of the binary complex. Biochem Pharmacol 1992; 43: 1601-1612.
148. Greenway FT, Hahn JJ, Xi N, Sorenson JRJ. Interaction of Cu(II) 3,5-diisopropylsalicylate with human serum albumin-An evaluation of spectroscopic data. Biometals 1999; 11: 21-26.
149. Korolkiewicz Z, Hac E, Gagalo I, Gorczyca P, Lodzinska A. The pharmacological activity of complexes and mixutures with copper and salicylate or aminopyrine following oral dosing in rats. Agents Actions 1989; 26: 355-359.
150. Milanino R, Marrella M, Moretti U, Pasqualicchio M, Gasperini R, Velo GP. Anti-inflammatory activity of indomethacin in copper deficient rats. Pharmacol Res 1992; 25 (suppl. 2): 254-255.
151. Laroche MJ. French Patent N3, 1969; French Patent M 6,518, Chem. Abstr 1971; 74: 79713.
152. Lewis AJ, Smith WE, Brown DH. A comparison of the antiinflammatory activities of copper complexes in different models of inflammation. In: Rainsford KD, Brune K, Whitehouse MW, eds, Trace Elements in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Inflammation. Basel, Switzerland: Birkhäuser Verlag, 1981; 327-338.
153. Milanino R, Concari E, Conforti A, Marrella M, Franco L, Moretti U, et al. Synthesis and antiinflammatory effects of some bis(2-benzimidazolyl) thiothers and their Cu(II) chelates, orally administered to rats. Eur J Med Chem 1988; 23: 217-224.
154. Rainsford KD. Development and therapeutic actions of oral copper complexes of anti-inflammatory drugs. In: Sorenson JRJ, ed, Inflammatory Diseases and Copper. Clifton, New Jersey, USA: Humana Press, 1982; 375-390.
155. Bressan M, Morvillo A, Velo GP, Concari E, Moretti U, Marrella M, et al. Concerning the chemistry and biology of some "copper-specific" ligands and their copper complexes active as oral anti-inflammatory agents in the rat. In: Milanino R, Rainsford KD, Velo GP, eds, Copper and Zinc in Inflammation. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1989; 93-102.
156. Sorenson JRJ. copper, Fe, Mn, and Zn chelates offer a medicinal chemistry approach to overcoming radiation injury. copperrr Med Chem 2002; 9: 639-662.
157. Moretti U, Marrella M, Pasqualicchio M, Milanino R, Velo GP. Copper and zinc in inflammatory processes. Pharmacol Res 1990; 22 (suppl. 2): 345-346.
158. Cristofori P, Terron A, Marrella M, Moretti U, Pasqualicchio M, Velo G.P, et al. Copper supplementation in the rat: Preliminary observations on the clinical, haematological and histopathological profile. Agents Actions (Special Conference Issue) 1992; C118 (abstract).
159. Milanino R, Moretti U, Marrella M, Pasqualicchio M, Gasperini R, Velo GP. Copper and zinc in the development and control of inflammation. In: Berthon G, ed, Handbook of Metal-Ligand Interactions in Biological Fluids Vol. 2. New York, NY, USA: Marcel Dekker Inc, 1995; 886-899.
160. Medeiros DM, Wildman R, Liebes R. Metal metabolism and toxicities. In: Massaro EJ, ed, Handbook of Human Toxicology. Boca Raton, Florida, USA: CRC Press, 1997; 149-188.
161. Harris ED, DiSilvestro RA. Lysyl oxidase, a molecular target for copper. In: Sorenson JRJ, ed, Inflammatory Diseases and Copper. Clifton, New Jersey, USA: Humana Press, 1982; 183-198.
162. Greenaway FT, O'Gara CY. Copper and connective tissue: the mechanism of lysyl oxidase. In: Sorenson JRJ, ed., Biology of Copper Complexes. Clifton, New Jersey, USA: Humana Press, 1987; 67-79.
163. Sorenson JRJ. Pharmacological activities of copper compounds. In: Berthon G, ed, Handbook of Metal-Ligand Interactions in Biological Fluids Vol. 2. New York, NY, USA: Marcel Dekker Inc, 1995; 1128-1139.
164. Rucker RB, Kosonen T, Clegg MS, Mitchell AE, Rucker BR, Uriu-Hare JY, et al. Copper, lysyl oxidase, and extracellular matrix protein cross-linking. Am J Clin Nutr 1998; 67 (suppl.): 996S-1002S.
165. Simeon A, Wegrowski Y, Bontemps Y, Maquart FX. Expression of glycosaminoglycans and small proteoglycans in wouds: modulation by the tripeptide-copper complex glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine-Cu(+). J Invest Dermatol 2000; 115: 962-968.
166. Pickart L. Iamin: a human growth factor with multiple wound-healing properties. In: Sorenson JRJ, ed., Biology of Copper Complexes. Clifton, New Jersey, USA: Humana Press, 1987; 273-285.
167. Canapp SO Jr, Farese JP, Schultz GS, Gowda S, Ishak AM, Swaim SF, et al. The effects of topical tripeptide-copper complex on healing of ischemic open wounds. Vet Surg 2003; 32: 515-523.
168. Pollard JD, Quan S, Kang T, Koch RJ. Effects of copper tripeptide on the growth factors by normal and irradiated fibroblasts. Arch Facial Plast Surg 2005; 7: 27-31.
169. Maquart FX, Simeon A, Pasco S, Monboisse JC. Regulation of cell activity by the extracellular matrix: the concept of matrikines. J Soc Biol 1999; 193: 423-428.
170. Walker WR, Keats DM. An investigation of the therapeutic value of the 'copper bracelet'-dermal assimilation of copper in arthritic/rheumatoid conditions. Agents Actions 1976; 6: 454-459.
171. Walker WR, Griffin BJ. The solubility of copper in human sweat. Search 1976; 7: 100-101.
172. Beveridge SJ. Topically applied copper preparations for anti-inflammatory therapy. In: Rainsford KD, Milanino R, Sorenson JRJ, Velo GP, eds, Copper and Zinc in Inflammatory and degenerative Diseases. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1998; 139-146.
173. Auer DE, Ng JC, Seawright AA. Copper salicylate and copper phenylbutazone as topically applied antiinflammatory agents in the rat and horse. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 1990; 13: 67-75.
174. Walker WR, Beveridge SJ, Whitehouse MW. Dermal copper drugs: the copper bracelet and Cu(II) salicylate complexes. In: Rainsford KD, Brune K, Whitehouse MW, eds, Trace Elements in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Inflammation. Basel, Switzerland: Birkhäuser Verlag, 1981; 359-367.
175. Walker WR, Beveridge SJ, Whitehouse MW. Antiinflammatory activity of a dermally applied copper salicylate preparation (Alcusal®). Agents Actions 1980; 10: 38-47.
176. Beveridge SJ, Walker WR, Whitehouse MW, Antiinflammatory activity of copper salicylate applied to rats percutaneously in dimethyl sulphoxide with glycerol. J Pharm Pharmacol 1980; 32: 425-427.
177. Beveridge SJ, Whitehouse MW, Walker WR. Lipophilic Cu(II) formulations: some correlations between their composition and anti-inflammatory/ anti-arthritic activity when applied to the skin of rats. Agents Actions 1982; 14: 291-295.
178. Shackel NA, Day RO, Kellert B, Brooks PM. Copper-salicylate gel for pain relief in osteoarthritis: a randomised controlled trial. Med J Australia 1997; 167: 134-136.
179. Hostynek JJ, Dreher F, Maibach HI. Human stratum corneum penetration by copper: In vivo study after occlusive and semi-occlusive application of the metal as powder. 5° Meeting SIDAPA (Societè Italiana di Dermatologia Allergologia Professional ed Ambientale), Tivoli (Italy), 2005; 62 (abstract).
180. Hostynek JJ, Maibach HI. Skin irritation potential of copper compounds. Toxicol Mech Methods 2004; 14: 205-213.
181. Brewer GJ. Practical recommendations and new therapies for Wilson's disease. Drugs 1995; 50: 240-9.
182. Ogra Y, Ohmichi M, Suzuki KT. Mechanisms of selective copper removal by tetrathiomolybdate from metallothionein in LEC rats. Toxicology 1996; 106: 75-83.
183. Ceve G. Lipid vesicles and other colloids as drugs carriers on the skin. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2004; 56: 675-711.
184. Konduri KS, Nandedkar S, Rickaby DA, Duzgunes N, Gangadharam PR. The use of sterically stabilized liposomes to treat asthma. Methods Enzymol 2005; 391: 413-427.
185. Justo OR, Moraes AM. Kanamycin incorporation in lipid vesicles prepared by ethanol injection designed for tuberculosis treatment. J Pharm Pharmacol 2005; 57: 23-30.
186. Puglia C, Trombetta D, Venuti V, Saija A, Bonina F. Evaluation of in-vivo topical anti-inflammatory activity of indometacin from liposomal vesicles. J Pharm Pharmacol 2004; 56: 1225-1232.
187. Hart EB, Steenbock H, Waddel J, Elvehjem CA. Iron nutrition. VII. Copper is a supplement to iron for hemoglobin building in the rat. J Biol Chem 1928; 77: 797-812.
188. Harris ED. Basic and clinical aspects of copper. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2003; 40: 547-586.
189. Tapiero H, Towsend DM, Tew KD. Trace elements in human physiology and pathology. Copper. Biomed Pharmacother 2003; 57: 386-398.
190. Uauy R, Olivares, M, Gonzales M. Essentiality of copper in humans. Am J Clin Nutr 1998; 67 (supp): 952S-959S.
191. Failla LM, Johnson MA, Prohaska JR. Copper. Present Knowledge in Nutrition, Washington D.C., USA: Life Science Institute Press, 2001; 373-383.
192. Turnlund J. Copper. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds, Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. Baltimore, USA: Williams & Wilkins, 1999; 241-252.
193. Fox PL, Mukhopadhyay C, Ehrenwald E. Structure, oxidant activity, and cardiovascular mechanisms of human ceruloplasmin. Life Sci 1995; 56: 1749-1758.
194. Klotz L-O, Weser U. Biological chemistry of copper compounds. In: Rainsford KD, Milanino R, Sorenson JRJ, Velo GP, eds, Copper and Zinc in Inflammatory and degenerative Diseases. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1998; 19-46.
195. Patel BN, Dunn RJ, David S. Alternative RNS splicing generates a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored form of ceruloplasmin in mammalian brain. J Biol Chem 2000; 275: 4305-4310.
196. Kagan HM, Li W. Lysyl oxidase: properties, specificity, and biological roles inside and outside of the cell. J Cell Biochem 2003; 88: 660-672.
197. Mizuguchi H, Imamura I, Takemura M, Fukui H. Purification and characterisation of diamine oxidase (histaminase) from rat small intestine. J Biochem 1994; 116: 631-635.
198. Stewart LC, Klinman J.P. Dopamine beta-hydroxylase of adrenal chromaffin granules: structure and function. Ann Rev Biochem 1986; 57: 551-592.
199. Reedy BJ, Blackburn N. Preparation and characterization of half-apo dopamine b-hydroxylase by selective removal of copperA. Identification of sulfur ligant at the dioxygen binding site by EXAFS and FTIR spectroscopy. J Am Chem Soc 1994; 116: 1924-1931.
200. Réglier M, Amadéi E, Alilou EH, Eydoux F, Pierrot M, Waegell B. Oxidation of unactivated hydrocarbons: models for tyrosinase and dopamine β-hydroxylase. In: Karlin KD, Tyeklár Z, eds, Bioinorganic Chemistry of Copper. New York, NY, USA: Chapman & Hall, 1993; 348-362.
201. Jalkanen S, Salmi M. Cell surface monoamine oxidases: enzymes in search of function. EMBO J 2001; 20: 3893-3901.
202. Murthy ASN, Mains RE, Eipper BA. Purification and characterization of peptidyl α-amidating monoxygenase from bovine neurointermediate pituitary. J Biol Chem 1986; 261: 1815-1822.
203. Albergoni V, Piccinni E. Copper and zinc metallothioneins. In: Rainsford KD, Milanino R, Sorenson JRJ, Velo GP, eds, Copper and Zinc in Inflammatory and degenerative Diseases. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1998; 61-78.
204. Lu ZH, Solioz M. Bacterial copper transport. Adv Protein Chem 2002; 60: 93-121.
205. Elam JS, Thomas ST, Holloway SP, Taylor AB, Hart PJ. Copper chaperones. Adv Protein Chem 2002; 60: 151-219.
206. Voskoboinik I, Camaraki J, Mercer JFB. Understanding the mechanism and function of copper P-type ATPases. Adv Protein Chem 2002; 60: 123-150.
207. Fuentes-Prior P, Fujikawa K, Pratt KP. New insights into binding interfaces of coagulation factors V and VIII and their homologues: lessons from high resolution crystal structures, copperrr Protein Pept Sci 2002; 3: 313-339.
208. Milanino R, Velo GP, Marrella M. Copper and zinc in the pathophysiology and treatment of inflammatory disorders. In: Nève J, Chappuis P, Lamand M, eds, Therapeutic Uses of Trace Elements. New York, USA; Plenum, 1996; 115-126.
209. Spector WG, Willoughby DA. Histamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine in experimental pleurisy. J Path Bact 1957; 74: 57-66.
210. Majno G, Palade G.E. Studies on inflammation: I. The effect of histamine and serotonine on vascular permeability. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 1961; 11: 571-583.
211. Schuschke DA. Dietary copper in the physiology of the microcirculation. J Nutr 1997; 127: 2274-2281.
212. Bossi F, Fischetti F, Pellis V, Bulla R, Ferrero E, Mollnes TE, et al. Platelet-activating factor and kinin-dependent vascular leakage as a novel functional activity of the soluble terminal complement complex. J Immunol 2004; 173: 6921-6927.
213. Sorenson JRJ. Down-regulation of nitric oxide synthetase may account for the antiinflammatory activities of copper chelates. In: Neve J, Chappuis P, Lamand M, eds, Therapeutic Uses of Trace Elements. New York, USA; Plenum, 1996; 133-138.
214. Flower RJ. Drugs which inhibit prostaglandin biosynthesis. Pharmacol Rev 1974; 26: 33-86.
215. Simmons DL, Botting RM, Hla T. Cyclo-oxygenase isozymes: the biology of prostaglandin synthesis and inhibition. Pharmacol Rev 2004; 56: 387-437.
216. 2+ on prostaglandin synthesis in rabbit kidney medulla slices. J Pharm Pharmacol 1987; 39: 230-233.
217. Elliott GR, van Batenburg MJ, Bonta IL. Copper modulation of macrophage cyclooxygenase metabolite synthesis. Prostaglandins 1987; 34: 657-667.
218. Frenchilla D, Lasheras B, Ucelay M, Parrondo E, Craciunescu G, Cenarruzabeitia E. On the mechanisms of the anti-inflammatory activity of some Cu(II) complexes. Arzneimittelforschung 1990; 40: 1008-1010.
219. Sorenson JRJ. Copper complexes in the treatment of experimental inflammatory conditions: inflammation, ulcers and pain. In: Milanino R, Rainsford KD, Velo GP, eds, Copper and Zinc in Inflammation. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1989; 69-84.
220. Vane JR. Anti-inflammatory drugs and inhibition of prostaglandin synthetase. In: Lewis GP, ed, The role of prostaglandin in inflammation. Bern, Switzerland: Hans Huber Publishers, 1976: 88-106.
221. Pickart L. Copper peptides for tissue regeneration. Specialty Chemicals 2002; 5: 32-38.
222. Moncada S, Palmer RM, Higgs EA. Nitric oxide: physiology, pathophysiology, and pharmacology. Pharmacol Rev 1991; 43: 109-142.
223. Jouzeau JY, Pacquelet S, Boileau C, Nedelec E, Presle N, Netter P, et al. Nitric oxide (NO) and cartilage metabolism: NO effects are modulated by superoxide in response to IL-1. Biorheology 2002; 39: 201-214.
224. Evans GH. Nitric oxide: what role does it play in inflammation and tissue destruction? Agents Actions (suppl) 1995; 47: 107-116.
225. 4. J Inorg Biochem 1995; 60: 133-148.
226. Sorenson JRJ. Copper complexes for therapy of cancer and autoimmune diseases. In: Rainsford KD, Milanino R, Sorenson JRJ, Velo GP, eds, Copper and Zinc in Inflammatory and Degenerative Diseases. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic, 1998, 113-124.
227. Colasanti M, Persichini T, Venturini G, Polticelli F, Musci G. Modulation of the nitric oxide path-way by copper in glial cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2000; 257: 776-782.
228. Vega A, Chacon P, Monteseirin J, El Bekay R, Alvarez M, Alba G, et al. A new role for monoamino oxidases in the modulation of macrophage-inducible nitric oxide synthase gene expression. J Leukoc Biol 2004; 75: 1093-1101.
229. van Furth R. Phagocytic cells: Development and distribution of mononuclear phagocytes in normal steady sate and inflammation. In: Gallin JI, Goldstein IM, Snyderman R, eds, Inflammation: Basic Principles and Clinical Correlates. New York, NY, USA: Raven Press, 1988; 281-332.
230. Wilkinson PC. Chemotaxis and Inflammation. Edinburgh, UK: Churchill-Livingstone, 1974.
231. McCord JM, Keele BB Jr, Fridovich I. An enzyme-based theory of obligate anaerobiosis: the physiological function of superoxide dismutase. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1971; 68: 1024-1027.
232. Miesel R, Zuber M. Copper-dependent antioxidase defenses in inflammatory and autoimmune rheumatic diseases. Inflammation 1994; 17: 283-294.
233. Goldstein IM, Kaplan HB, Edelson HS, Weissman G. Ceruloplasmin: an acute phase reactant that scavengers oxygen-derived free radicals. Ann NY Acad Sci 1982; 389: 368-379.
234. Ciuffi M, Cellai C, Franchi-Micheli S, Zilletti L, Ginanneschi M, Chelli M, et al. An in vivo, ex vivo and in vitro comparative study of the activity of copper oligopeptide complexes vs Cu(II) ions. Pharmacol Res 1998; 38: 279-287.
235. Afanas'eva IB, Ostrakhovitch EA, Mikhal'chik EV, Ibragimova GA, Korkina LG. Enhancement of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of bioflavonoid rutin by complexation with transition metals. Biochem Pharamcol 2001; 15: 677-684.
236. Morgant G, Dung NH, Daran JC, Viossat B, Labouze X, Roch-Arveiller M, et al. Low-temperature crystal structures of tetrais-mu-3,5-di- isopropylsalicylatobis-dimethylformamidodiCu(II) and their role in modulating polymorphonuclear leukocyte activity in overcoming seizures. J Inorg Biochem 2000; 81: 11-22.
237. Weser U, Richter C, Wendel A, Younes M. Reactivity of antiinflammatory and superoxide dismutase active Cu(II) salicylates. Bioinorg Chem 1978; 8: 201-213.
238. Underhill AE, Bury A, Odling RJ, Fleet MB, Stevens A, Gomm PS. Metal complexes of antiinflammatory drugs. Part VII: Salsalate complex of Cu(II). J Inorg Biochem 1989; 37: 1-5.
239. Roch-Arveiller M, Huy DP, Maman L, Giroud JP, Sorenson JRJ. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug-copper complex modulation of polymorphonuclear leukocyte migration. Biochem Pharmacol 1990; 39: 569-574.
240. Roch-Arveiller M, Revelant V, Huy DP, Maman L, Fontagne J, Sorenson JRJ, et al. Effects of some non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug copper complexes on polymorphonuclear leukocyte oxidative metabolism. Agents Actions 1990; 31: 65-71.
241. 4. Inflamm Res 1995; 44: 198-203.
242. Roos D, Weening RS. Defects in the oxidative killing of microorganisms by phagocytic leukocytes. In: Ciba Foundation Symposium 65, Oxygen Free Radicals and Tissue Damage. Amsterdam, the Netherlands: Excerpta Medica, 1979; 225-254.
243. McCord JM, Wong K. Phagocyte-produced free radicals: roles in cytotoxicity and inflammation. In: Ciba Foundation Symposium 65, Oxygen Free Radicals and Tissue Damage. Amsterdam, the Netherlands: Excerpta Medica, 1979; 343-351.
244. Splettstoesser WD, Schuff-Werner P. Oxidative stress in phagocytes: 'the enemy within'. Microsc Res Tech 2002; 57: 441-455.
245. Milanino R, Velo GP. Multiple action of copper in control of inflammation: studies in copper-deficient rats. In: Rainsford KD, Brune K, Whitehouse MW, eds, Trace Elements in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Inflammation, Basel, Switzerland: Birkhäuser Verlag, 1981; 209-230.
246. Öyanagui Y. Participation of superoxide anions at the prostaglandin phase of carrageenan foot-oedema. Biochem Pharmacol 1976; 25: 1465-1472.
247. 2 in inflammatory processes. Nature 1977; 265: 170-173.
248. Pou S, Pou WS, Bredt DS, Snyder SH, Rosen GM. Generation of superoxide by purified brain nitric oxide synthase. J Biol Chem 1992; 267: 24173-24176.
249. Kohen R, Misgav R, Ginsburg I. The SOD like activity of copper:carnosine, copper anserine and copper: homocarnosine complexes. Free Rad Res Commun 1991; 12-13 Pt 1: 179-185.
250. Liochev SI, Radonova NA, Russanova EE. A study on the ability of copper complexes to act as active oxygen species scavengers. Bulgarian Acad Sci 1987; 13: 40-47.
251. Bonen M, Kampfman JK, Waterman BJ, Shoeker F. SOD-mimetic activity of simple Cu(II) salts and comlexes. Joint Meeting of German and Italian Pharmacologists, Venice I, 1977; Abstract 397.
252. Duracková Z, Labuda J. Superoxide dismutase mimetic activity of macrocyclic Cu(II)-tetra-anhydroaminobenzaldehyde (TAAB) complex. J Inorg Biochem 1995; 58: 297-303.
253. Willingham WM, Sorenson JJ. Cu(II)-ethylene-diaminetetraacetate does disproportionate superoxide. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1988; 150: 252-258.
254. 2 on soluble protein kinase C activity in rat liver. Cancer Lett 1989; 47: 169-177.
255. Chen X-L, Medford RM. Oxidation-reduction sensitive regulation of vascular inflammatory gene expression. In: Pearson JD, ed, Vascular Adhesion Molecules and Inflammation. Basel, Switzerland: Birkhäuser Verlag, 1999; 161-178.
256. Furie MB. Production and presentation of chemokines by endothelial cells. In: Pearson JD, ed, Vascular Adhesion Molecules and Inflammation. Basel, Switzerland: Birkhäuser Verlag, 1999; 65-80.
257. Ley, K., Adhesion of leukocytes from flow: The selectins and their ligands. In: Pearson JD, ed, Vascular Adhesion Molecules and Inflammation. Basel, Switzerland: Birkhäuser Verlag, 1999; 11-37.
258. Smith CW, Burns AR, Scott SI. Co-operative signaling between leukocytes and endothelium mediating firm attachment. In: Pearson JD, ed, Vascular Adhesion Molecules and Inflammation. Basel, Switzerland: Birkhäuser Verlag, 1999; 39-64.
259. Salmi M, Tohka S, Jalkanen S. Human vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1) plays a critical role in lymphocyte-endothelial cell adhesion cascade under shear. Circ Res 2000; 86: 1245-1251.
260. Koskinen K, Vainio PJ, Smith DJ, Pihlavisto M, Yla-Herttula S, Jalkanen S, et al. Granulocyte transmigration through the endothelium is regulated by the oxidase activity of vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1). Blood 2004; 103: 3388-3395.
261. Salmi M, Jalkanen S. VAP-1: and adhesion and an enzyme. Trends Immunol 2001; 22: 211-216.
262. Merinen M, Irjala H, Salmi M, Jaakkola I, Hanninen A, Jalkanen S. Vascular adhesion protein-1 is involved in both acute and chronic inflammation in the mouse. Am J Pathol 2005; 166: 793-800.
263. Stolen CM, Marttila-Ichihara F, Koskinen K, Yegutkin GG, Turja R, Bobo P, et al. Absence of the endothelial oxidase AOC3 leads to abnormal leukocyte traffic in vivo. Immunity 2005; 22: 105-115.
264. Davies ME, Pasqualicchio M. Copper and zinc compounds and cell surface interactions. In: Rainsford KD, Milanino R, Sorenson JRJ, Velo GP, eds. Copper and Zinc in Inflammatory and Degenerative Diseases. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1998; 161-172.
265. Bellavite P, Chirumbolo S, Mansoldo C, Gandini G, Dri P. Simultaneous assay for oxidative metab-olism and adhesion of human neutrophils: evidence for correlation and dissociation of the two responses. J Leukoc Biol 1992; 51: 329-335.
266. Failla ML. Trace elements and host defense: Recent advances and continuing challenges. J Nutr 2003; 133: 1443S-1447S.
267. Boyne R, Arthur JR. Effects of selenium and copper deficiency on neutrophil functions in cattle. J Comp Pathol 1981; 91: 271-276.
268. Lukasewycz OA, Prohaska JR. Immunization against transplantable leukaemia impaired in copper-deficient mice. J Natl Cancer Inst 1982; 69: 489-493.
269. Jones DG, Suttle NF. The effect of copper deficiency on the resistance of mice to infection with Pasteurella haemolytica. J Comp Pathol 1983; 93: 143-149.
270. Korte JJ, Prohaska JR. Dietary copper deficiency alters protein and lipid composition of murine plasma membrane. J Nutr 1987; 117: 1076-1084.
271. Babu U, Failla ML. Respiratory burst and candidacidal activity of peritoneal macrophages are impaired in copper-deficient rats. J Nutr 1990; 120: 1692-1699.
272. Lukasewycz OA, Prohaska JR. The immune response in copper deficiency. Ann NY Acad Sci 1990; 587: 147-159.
273. Bala S, Failla ML, Lunney JK. Alterations in splenic lymphoid cell subsets and activation antigens in copper-deficient rats. J Nutr 1991; 121: 745-753.
274. Xin Z, Waterman DF, Hemken RW, Harmon RJ. Effects of copper status on neutrophils function, superoxide dismutase, and copper in steers. J Dairy Sci 1991; 74: 3078-3085.
275. Bala S, Failla ML. Copper deficiency reversibly impairs DNA synthesis in activated T lymphocytes by limiting interleukin 2 activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1992; 89: 6794-6797.
276. Kelly DS, Daudu PA, Taylor PC, Mackey BE, Turnlund JR. Effects of low-copper diets on human immune response. Am J Clin Nutr 1995; 62: 412-416.
277. Hopkins RG, Failla ML. Copper deficiency reduces interleukin-2 (IL-2) production and IL-2 mRNA in human T-lymphocytes. J Nutr 1997; 127: 257-262.
278. Hopkins RG, Failla ML. Transcriptional regula-tion of interleukin-2 gene expression is impaired by copper deficiency in Jurkat human T-lympho-cytes. J Nutr 1999; 129: 596-601.
279. Hopkins RG, Failla ML. Chronic intake of marginally low copper diet impairs in vitro activities of lymphocytes and neutrophils from male rats despite minimal impact on conventional indicators of copper status. J Nutr 1995; 125: 2658-2668.
280. Hopkins RG, Failla ML. Decreased synthesis of interleukin-2 (IL-2) in copper-deficient T-cells mediated by inhibition of the transcription factor NF-AT. FASEB J 2001; 15: A272 (abstract 237.8).
281. Soderberg LS, Barnett JB, Sorenson JRJ. Copper complexes stimulate hemopoiesis and lymphopoiesis. Adv Exp Med Biol 1989; 258: 209-217.
282. Pocino M, Baute L, Malave I. Influence of oral administration of excess copper on the immune response. Fundam Appl Toxicol 1991; 16: 249-256.
283. Marikovsky, M, Ziv V, Nevo N, Harris-Cerruti C, Mahler O. Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase plays important role in immune response. J Immunol 2003; 170: 2993-3001.
284. Jutila MA. Selective lymphocyte migration into secondary lymphoid organs and inflamed tissues. In: Pearson JD, ed, Vascular Adhesion Molecules and Inflammation. Basel, Switzerland: Birkhäuser Verlag, 1999; 141-160.
285. Percival SS. Copper and immunity. Am J Clin Nutr 1998; 67: 1064S-1068S.
286. Aggett PJ, Fairweather-Tait S. Adaptation to high and low copper intakes: its relevance to estimate safe and adequate daily dietary intakes. Am J Clin Nutr 1998; 67: 1061S-1063S.
287. Scheinberg HI, Sternlieb I. Copper toxicity and Wilson's disease. In: Prasad AS, Oberleas D, eds, Trace Elements in Human Health and Diseases. Volume 1. Zinc and Copper. New York, NY, USA: Academic Press, 1976; 415-438.