Gender differences in the prevalence of sexually transmitted infections and genital symptoms in an urban setting in southern India

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Volumn 82, Issue 6, 2006, Pages 491-495

  Panchanadeswaran, S ^a   Johnson, S C ^b   Mayer, K H ^c   Srikrishnan, A K ^b   Sivaram, S ^a   Zelaya, C E ^a   Go, V F ^a   Solomon, S ^b   Bentley, M E ^d   Celentano, D D ^a  

^a JOHNS HOPKINS BLOOMBERG SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH   (United States)

^b YRG Foundation for AIDS Research/CARE   (India)

^c BROWN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA AT CHAPEL HILL   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; CLINICAL FEATURE; CONTROLLED STUDY; DEMOGRAPHY; FEMALE; HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS 2; HUMAN; INDIA; INTERVIEW; LABORATORY TEST; LOWEST INCOME GROUP; MALE; PHYSICAL EXAMINATION; PREVALENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SELF REPORT; SEX DIFFERENCE; SEXUAL BEHAVIOR; SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASE; URBAN AREA;

CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES; FEMALE; HUMANS; INDIA; MALE; PREVALENCE; SEX DISTRIBUTION; SEXUAL PARTNERS; SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES; URBAN HEALTH;

EID: 33845879314     PISSN: 13684973     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1136/sti.2006.020768     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. Sangani P, Rutherford G, Wilkinson D. Population-based interventions for reducing sexually transmitted infections, including HIV infection. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2004;2:CD001220.
2. World Health Organisation. Global prevalence and incidence of selected curable sexually transmitted infections: overview and estimates, 2001: World Bank 1993. Geneva: WHO, 2001.
3. Coombs RW, Reichelderfer PS, Landay AL. Recent observations on HIV type-1 infection in the genital tract of men and women. AIDS 2003;17:455-80.
4. Wasserheit JN. Epidemiological synergy. Interrelationships between human immunodeficiency virus infection and other sexually transmitted diseases. Sex Transm Dis 1992;19:61-77.
5. Newmann S, Sarin P, Kumarasamy N, et al. Marriage, monogamy and HIV a profile of HIV-infected women in south India. Int J STD AIDS 2000;11:250-3.
6. Fleming DT, Wasserheit JN. From epidemiological synergy to public health policy and practice: the contribution of other sexually transmitted diseases to sexual transmission of HIV infection. Sex Transm Infect 1999;75:3-17.
7. UNAIDS. UNAIDS 2004 report on the global AIDS epidemic 2004. Geneva UNAIDS, 2004.
8. Panda S, Kumar MS, Lokabiraman S, et al. Risk factors for HIV infection in injection drug users and evidence for onward transmission of HIV to their sexual partners in Chennai, India. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2005;39:9-15.
9. Bollinger RC. UMR special issue on HIV/AIDS: editorial overview Indian J Med Res 2005;121:209-10.
10. Atlas T. A hidden scourge. India's huge population disguises the growing number of HIV-infected citizens. US News World Rep 2005;139:52-4.
11. Padma TV. Skepticism greets India's new AIDS statistics. Nat Med 2005;11:695.
12. Mandavilli A. The coming epidemic. Nature 2005;436:496-8.
13. Hawkes S, Santhya KG, Diverse realities: sexually transmitted infections and HIV in India. Sex Transm Infect 2002;78(Suppl 1):i31-9.
14. Vishwanath S, Talwar V, Prasad R, et al. Syndromic management of vaginal discharge among women in a reproductive health clinic in India. Sex Tronsm Infect 2000;76:303-6.
15. Thomas K, Thyagarajan SP, Jeyaseelan L, et al. Community prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases and human immunodeficiency virus infection in Tamil Nadu, India: a probability proportional to size cluster survey. Natl Med J India 2002;15:135-40
16. George R, Thomas K, Thyagarajan SP, et al. Genital syndromes and syndromic management of vaginal discharge in a community setting. Int J STD AIDS 2004;15:367-70.
17. Joyee AG, Thyagarajan SP, Rajendran P, et al. Chlamydia trachomatis genital infection in apparently healthy adult population of Tamil Nadu, India: a population-based study. Int J STD AIDS, 2004;15:51-5.
18. Sharma M, Sethi S, Gopalan S, et al. Seroprevalence of reproductive tract infections in women in northern India-a relatively low prevalence area. Sex Transm Infect 2003;79:497-8.
19. Cohen J. HIV/AIDS in India. HIV/AIDS: India's many epidemics, Science 2004;304:504-9.
20. Bhattacharya G. Sociocultural and behavioral contexts of condom use in heterosexual married couples in India: challenges to the HIV prevention program. Health Educ Behav 2004;31:101-17.
21. Go VF, Srikrishnan AK, Sivaram S, et al. When HIV-prevention messages and gender norms clash: the impact of domestic violence on women's HIV risk in slums of Chennai, India. AIDS Behav 2003;7:263-72.
22. Solomon S, Buck J, Chaguturu SK, et al. Stopping HIV before it begins: issues faced by women in India. Nat Immunol 2003;4:719-21.
23. Majumdar B. An exploration of socioeconomic, spiritual, and family support among HIV-positive women in India. J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care 2004; 15:37-46.
24. Martin SL, Kilgallen B, Tsui AO, et al. Sexual behaviors and reproductive health outcomes: associations with wife abuse in India. JAMA 1999;282:1967-72.
25. Nag M. Sexual behaviour in India with risk of HIV/AIDS transmission. Health Transit Rev 1995;5(Suppl):293-305.
26. Gangakhedkar RR, Bentley ME, Divekar AD, et al. Spread of HIV infection in married monogamous women in India. JAMA 1997;278:2090-2.
27. Mehta SH, Gupta A, Sahay S, et al. High HIV prevalence among a high-risk subgroup of women attending sexually transmitted infection clinics in Pune, India. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2006;41:75-80.
28. World Health Organization. Women of south-east Asia. A health profile. Geneva: WHO, 2000.
29. Garg S, Sharma N, Bhalla P, et al. Reproductive morbidity in an Indian urban slum: need for health action. Sex Tramm Infect 2002;78:68-9.
30. Desai VK, Kosambiya JK, Thakor HG, et al. Prevalence of sexually transmitted infections and performance of STI syndromes against aetiological diagnosis, in female sex workers of red light area in Surat, India. Sex Transm Infect 2003;79:111-15.
31. Corey L, Wald A, Celum CL, et al. The effects of herpes simplex virus-2 on HIV-1 acquisition and transmission: a review of two overlapping epidemics. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2004;35:435-45.
32. Gray RH, Li X, Wawer MJ, et al. Determinants of HIV-1 load in subjects with early and later HIV infections, in a general-population cohort of Rakai, Uganda. J Infect Dis 2004;189:1209-15.
33. Serwadda D, Gray RH, Sewankambo NK, et al. Human immunodeficiency virus acquisition associated with genital ulcer disease and herpes simplex virus type 2 infection: a nested case-control study in Rakai, Uganda. J Infect Dis 2003;188:1492-7.
34. Laeyendecker O, Henson C, Gray RH, et al. Performance over commercial, type-specific enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay for detection of herpes simplex virus type 2- specific antibodies in Ugandans. J Clin Microbiol 2004;42:1794-6.
35. Ashley-Morrow R, Nollkamper J, Robinson NJ, et al. Performance of focus ELISA tests for herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and HSV-2 antibodies among women in ten diverse geographical locations. Clin Microbiol Infect 2004;11:423-4.
36. Golden MR, Ashley-Morrow R, Swenson P, et al. Herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) western blot confirmatory testing among men testing positive for HSV-2 using the focus enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay in a sexually transmitted disease clinic. Sex Transm Dis 2005;32:771-7.