Genomic analysis of the phosphotransferase system in Clostridium botulinum

Journal of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology

Volumn 12, Issue 1-2, 2006, Pages 33-42

  Mitchell, Wilfrid J ^a   Tewatia, Parul ^a   Meaden, Philip G ^a  

^a HERIOT WATT UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Phosphotransferase system; Sugar uptake; Transport

Indexed keywords

PHOSPHOTRANSFERASE;

CARBOHYDRATE ANALYSIS; CATALYSIS; CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM; DNA BINDING; GENE CLUSTER; GENOME ANALYSIS; GLUCOSE TRANSPORT; METABOLIC REGULATION; MICROBIAL ACTIVITY; NONHUMAN; OPERON; PHYLOGENY; PROTEIN DOMAIN; PROTEIN FUNCTION; PROTEIN STRUCTURE; REVIEW; STATISTICAL SIGNIFICANCE;

BIOLOGICAL TRANSPORT; CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM; CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION, BACTERIAL; GENOME, BACTERIAL; OPERON; PHOSPHOENOLPYRUVATE SUGAR PHOSPHOTRANSFERASE SYSTEM; PHOSPHOTRANSFERASES;

BACTERIA (MICROORGANISMS); CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM;

EID: 33845794333     PISSN: 14641801     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1159/000096457     Document Type: Review

References (50)

1. Aldridge P, Metzger M, Geider K: Genetics of sorbitol metabolism in Erwinia amylovora and its influence on bacterial virulence. Mol Gen Genet 1997;256:611-619.
2. Behrens S, Mitchell WJ, Bahl H: Molecular analysis of the mannitol operon of Clostridium acetobutytlicum encoding a phosphotransferases system and a putative PTS-modulated regulator. Microbiol SGM 2001;147:75-86.
3. Barabote RD, Saier, MH Jr: Comparative genome analyses of the bacterial phosphotransferase system. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2005;69:608-634.
4. Boël G, Mijakovic I, Mazé A, Poncet S, Taha M-K, Larribe M, Darbon E, Khemiri A, Galinier A, Deutscher J: Transcription regulators potentially controlled by HPr kinase/phosphorylase in Gram-negative bacteria. J Mol Microbiol Biotechnol 2003;5:206-215.
5. Boos W, Ehmann U, Forkl H, Klein W, Rimmele M, Postma P: Trehalose transport and metabolism in Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol 1990;172:3450-3461.
6. Boyd DA, Thevenot T, Gumbmann M, Honeyman AL, Hamilton IR: Identification of the operon for the sorbitol (glucitol) phosphoenolpyruvate:sugar phosphotransferase system in Streptococcus mutans. Infect Immun 2000;68:925-930.
7. Brehm K, Ripio M-T, Kreft J, Vázquez-Boland J-A: The bvr locus of Listeria monocytogenes mediates virulence gene repression by β-glucosides. J Bacteriol 1999;181:5024-5032.
8. Brückner R, Titgemeyer F: Carbon catabolite repression in bacteria: choice of the carbon source and autoregulatory limitation of sugar utilization. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2002;209:141-148.
9. Glc contributes to trehalose metabolism in Bacillus subtilis. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1997;148:233-238.
10. Davison SP, Santangelo JD, Reid, SJ, Woods, DR: A Clostridium acetobutylicum regulator gene (regA) affecting amylase production in Bacillus subtilis. Microbiol SGM 1995;141:989-996.
11. Deutscher J, Galinier A, Martin-Verstraete I: Carbohydrate uptake and metabolism; in Sonenshein AL, Losick RM, Hoch JA (eds): Bacillus subtilis and Its Closest Relatives. Washington, ASM Press, 2002, pp 129-150.
12. Deutscher J, Herro R, Bourand A, Mijakovic I, Poncet, S: P-ser-HPr - a link between carbon metabolism and the virulence of some pathogenic bacteria. Biochim Biophys Acta 2005;1754:118-125.
13. Dupuy B, Sonenshein AL: Regulated transcription of Clostridium difficile toxin genes. Mol Microbiol 1998;27:107-120.
14. Greenberg DB, Stülke J, Saier MH Jr: Domain analysis of transcriptional regulators bearing PTS regulatory domains. Res Microbiol 2002;153:519-526.
15. Groves DJ, Gronlund AF: Carbohydrate transport in Clostridium perfringens type A. J Bacteriol 1969;100:1256-1263.
16. Hefti MH, Françoijs K-J, de Vries SC, Dixon R, Vervoort J: The PAS fold. A redefinition of the PAS domain based upon structural prediction. Eur J Biochem 2004;271:1198-1208.
17. Herro R, Poncet S, Cossart P, Buchrieser C, Gouin E, Glaser P, Deutscher J: How seryl-phosphorylated HPr inhibits PrfA, a transcription activator of Listeria monocytogenes virulence genes. J Mol Microbiol Biotechnol 2005;9:224-234.
18. Johnson EA: Clostridial neurotoxins; in Dürre P (ed): Handbook on Clostridia. Boca Raton, Taylor & Francis, 2005, pp 491-525.
19. Kazamias MT, Sperry JF: Enhanced fermentation of mannitol and release of cytotoxin by Clostridium difficile in alkaline culture media. Appl Environ Microbiol 1995;61:2425-2427.
20. Lengeler JW, Jahreis K, Wehmeier UF: Enzymes II of the phospho enol pyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase systems: their structure and function in carbohydrate transport. Biochim Biophys Acta 1994;1188:1-28.
21. Lengeler JW, Mayer RJ, Schmid K: Phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase system enzyme III and plasmid-encoded sucrose transport in Escherichia coli K-12. J Bacteriol 1982;151:468-471.
22. Martin-Verstraete I, Charrier V, Stülke J, Galinier A, Erni B, Rapoport G, Deutscher J: Antagonistic effects of dual PTS-catalysed phosphorylation on the Bacillus subtilis transcriptional activator LevR. Mol Microbiol 1998;28:293-303.
23. Mitchell WJ: Physiology of carbohydrate to solvent conversion by clostridia. Adv Microb Physiol 1998;39:31-130.
24. Mitchell WJ, Tangney M: Carbohydrate uptake by the phosphotransferase system and other mechanisms; in Dürre P (ed): Handbook on Clostridia. Boca Raton, Taylor & Francis, 2005, pp 155-175.
25. 54 bacterial enhancer-binding protein family: mechanism of action and phylogenetic relationship of their functional domains. J Bacteriol 1993;175:6067-6074.
26. Nakamura S, Nakashio S, Yamakawa K, Tanabe N, Nishida S: Carbohydrate fermentation by Clostridium difficile. Microbiol Immunol 1982;26:107-111.
27. Popoff MR, Stiles BG: Clostridial toxins vs. other bacterial toxins; in Dürre P (ed): Handbook on Clostridia. Boca Raton, Taylor & Francis, 2005, pp 323-383.
28. Postma PW, Lengeler JW, Jacobson GR: Phosphoenolpyruvate: carbohydrate phosphotransferase systems of bacteria. Microbiol Rev 1993;57:543-594.
29. Reid SJ, Rafudeen MS, Leat NG: The genes controlling sucrose utilization in Clostridium beijerinckii NCIMB 8052 constitute an operon. Microbiol SGM 1999;145:1461-1472.
30. Reizer J, Bachem S, Reizer A, Arnaud M, Saier MH Jr, Stülke J: Novel phosphotransferase system genes revealed by genome analysis - the complete complement of PTS proteins encoded within the genome of Bacillus subtilis. Microbiol SGM 1999a;145:3419-3429.
31. Reizer J, Reizer A, Yamada M, Saier MH Jr: The glucitol permease of Escherichia coli: a tripartite permease of the phosphotransferase system. Microbiol SGM 1998;144:1463-1464.
32. Reizer J, Schneider B, Reizer A, Saier MH Jr: A hybrid response regulator possessing a PEP-dependent phosphorylation domain. Microbiol SGM 1999b;145:987-989.
33. Saier MH Jr, Chavaux S, Cook GM, Deutscher J, Paulsen IT, Reizer J, Ye J-J: Catabolite repression and inducer control in Gram-positive bacteria. Microbiol SGM 1996;142:217-230.
34. Saier MH Jr, Reizer J: Proposed uniform nomenclature for the proteins and protein domains of the bacterial phosphoenolpyruvate: sugar phosphotransferase system. J Bacteriol 1992;174:1433-1438.
35. Saier MH Jr, Reizer J: The bacterial phosphotransferase system: new frontiers 30 years later. Mol Microbiol 1994;13:755-764.
36. Sharkey FH, Dooley JS, Haylock RW: Quantitative effects of carbohydrates and aromatic amino acids on Clostridium botulinum toxin gene expression using a rapid competitive RT/PCR assay. J Mol Microbiol Biotechnol 2005;9:35-43.
37. Stackebrandt E, Hippe H: Taxonomy and systematics; in Bahl H, Dürre P (eds): Clostridia. Biotechnology and Medial Applications. Weinheim, Wiley-VCH, 2001, pp 19-48.
38. Stülke J, Arnaud M, Rapoport G, Martin-Verstraete I: PRD - a protein domain involved in PTS-dependent induction and carbon catabolite repression of catabolic operons in bacteria. Mol Microbiol 1998;28:865-874.
39. Stülke J, Hillen W: Coupling physiology and gene regulation in bacteria: the phosphotransferase sugar uptake system delivers the signals. Naturwissenschaften 1998;85:583-592.
40. Sutrina SL, Reddy P, Saier MH Jr, Reizer J: The glucose permease of Bacillus subtilis is a single polypeptide chain that functions to energise the sucrose permease. J Biol Chem 1990;265:18581-18589.
41. Tangney M, Brehm JK, Minton NP, Mitchell WJ: A gene system for glucitol transport and metabolism in Clostridium beijerinckii NCIMB 8052. App Environ Microbiol 1998;64:1612-1619.
42. Tangney M, Galinier A, Deutscher J, Mitchell WJ: Analysis of the elements of catabolite repression in Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824. J Mol Microbiol Biotechnol 2003;6:6-11.
43. Tangney M, Mitchell WJ: Analysis of a catabolic operon for sucrose transport and metabolism in Clostridium aetobutylicum ATCC 824. J Mol Microbiol Biotechnol 2000;2:71-80.
44. Tangney M, Mitchell WJ: Regulation of catabolic gene systems; in Dürre P (ed): Handbook on Clostridia. Boca Raton, Taylor & Francis, 2005, pp 583-605.
45. Tangney M, Winters GT, Mitchell WJ: Characterization of a maltose transport system in Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2001;27:298-306.
46. Titgemeyer F, Hillen W: Global control of sugar metabolism: a Gram-positive solution. Anton van Leeuwenhoek 2002;82:59-71.
47. Tobisch S, Stülke J, Hecker M: Regulation of the lic operon of Bacillus subtilis and characterization of potential phosphorylation sites of the LicR regulator protein by site-directed mutagenesis. J Bacteriol 1999;181:4995-5003.
48. Varga J, Stirewalt VL, Melville SB: The CcpA protein is necessary for efficient sporulation and enterotoxin gene (cpe) regulation in Clostridium perfringens. J Bacteriol 2004;186:5221-5229.
49. Whitmer ME, Johnson EA: Development of improved defined media for Clostridium botulinum serotypes A, B, and E. Appl Environ Microbiol 1988;54:753-759.
50. Zhang Z, Aboulwafa M, Smith MH, Saier MH Jr: The ascorbate transporter of Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol 2003;185:2243-2250.