The market economy and the scientific commons

Intellectual Property Rights: Innovation, Governance and the Institutional Environment

Volumn , Issue , 2006, Pages 17-45

  Nelson, Richard R ^a  

^a CARNEGIE MELLON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Capitalism; Commons; Markets

Indexed keywords

EID: 33845694285     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Chapter

References (58)

1. Agrawal, A. and Henderson, R. (2002), 'Putting patents in context: exploring knowledge transfer at MIT', Management Science, 48(1): 44-60.
2. Arora, A. and Gambardella, A. (1994), 'The changing technology of technological change', Research Policy, 23(5): 523-32.
3. Atkinson, R., Beachy, R., Conway, G., Cordova, F., Fox, M., Holbrook, K., Klessig, D., McCormick, L., McPherson, P., Rawlings, H., Rapson, R., Vanderhoef, L., Wiley, J. and Young, C. (2003), 'Public sector collaboration for agricultural IP management', Science, 11 July, 301(5630): 174-5.
4. Bar-Shalom, A. and Cook-Deegan, R. (2002), 'Patents and innovation in cancer therapeutics: lessons from CellPro', Millbank Quarterly, 80(4): 637-76.
5. Basalla, G. (1998), The Evolution of Technology, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
6. Bernal, J.D. (1939), The Social Functions of Science, Routledge and Kegan Paul, London.
7. Bok, D. (2003), Universities and the Marketplace, Princeton University Press, Princeton.
8. Bush, V. (1945), Science, the Endless Frontier, National Science Foundation, Washington D.C.
9. Campbell, D. (1974), 'Evolutionary Epistemology', in Schelpp, P. (ed.), The Philosophy of Karl Popper, Open Court Publishing Company, LaSalle, Illinois.
10. Cohen, W., Nelson, R. and Walsh, J. (2002), 'Links and impacts: the influence of public research on industrial R&D', Management Science, January, 48(1): 1-23.
11. Cohen, W., Nelson, R. and Walsh, J. (2000), 'Patenting their intellectual assets: appropriability conditions and why U.S. manufacturing firms patent or not', NBER paper 7522, National Bureau for Economic Research, Boston.
12. Colyvas, J., Crow, M., Gelijns, A., Mazzoleni, R., Nelson. R. and Sampat, B. (2002), 'How do university inventions get into practice?', Management Science, January, 48(1): 61-72.
13. Constant, E. (1980), The Origins of the Turbojet Revolution, Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore.
14. Dasgupta, P. and David, P. (1994), 'Towards a new economics of science', Research Policy, 23(5): 487-521.
15. Demaine, L. and Fellmeth, A. (2003), 'Natural substances and patentable inventions', Science, 30 May, 300(5624): 1375-6.
16. Dosi, G. (1988), 'Sources, procedures, and microeconomic effects of innovation', Journal of Economic Literature, 26(September): 1120-71.
17. Dreyfuss, R. (2002), unpublished manuscript.
18. Eisenberg, R. (1987), 'Proprietary rights and the norms of science in biotechnology research', Yale Law Journal, 97: 177-231.
19. Eisenberg, R. (1996), 'Public research and private investment: patents and technology transfer in government sponsored research', Virginia Law Review, 82: 1663-735.
20. Eisenberg, R. and Nelson, R. (2002), 'Public vs proprietary science: a useful tension?', Daedalus, 131(2): 89-101.
21. Gelijns, A. (1991), Innovation in Clinical Practice, National Academy Press, Washington, D.C.
22. Gelijns, A., Rosenberg, N. and Moskowitz, A. (1998), 'Capturing the unexpected benefits of medical research', New England Journal of Medicine, 339(10): 693-8.
23. Guston, D. (2000), Between Politics and Science, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
24. Hart, D. (1998), Forged Consensus, Princeton University Press, Princeton.
25. Heller, M. and Eisenberg, R. (1998), 'Can patents deter innovation? The anticommons in biomedical research', Science, 280: 698-701.
26. Judson, H. (1996), The Eighth Day of Creation, Cold Spring Harbor Press, Cold Spring.
27. Kitcher, P. (1993), The Advancement of Science, Oxford University Press, New York.
28. Klevorick, A., Levin, R., Nelson, R. and Winter, S. (1995), 'On the sources and significance of inter-industry differences in technological opportunities,' Research Policy, 24: 185-205.
29. Merges, R. and Nelson, R. (1990), 'The complex economics of patent scope', Columbia Law Review, 90(4): 839-916.
30. Merton, R. (1973), The Sociology of Science: Theoretical and Empirical Investigations, University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
31. Metcalfe, S. (1998), Evolutionary Economics and Creative Destruction, Routledge, New York.
32. Mokyr, J. (1990), The Lever of Riches, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
33. Mowery, D. and Nelson, R. (1999), The Sources of Industrial Leadership, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
34. Mowery, D., Nelson, R., Sampat, B. and Ziedonis, A. (2001), 'The growth of patenting and licensing by American universities', Research Policy, 30: 99-119.
35. Mowery, D. and Rosenberg, N. (1989), Technology and the Pursuit of Economic Growth, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
36. National Research Council (1997), Intellectual Property Rights and Research Tools in Molecular Biology, NAS Press, Washington D.C.
37. Nelson, R. (1993), National Innovation Systems, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
38. Nelson, R., Peterhansl, A. and Sampat, B. (2002), Why and How Innovations Get Into Practice: A Tale of Four Models, Mimeo, Columbia University.
39. Nelson, R. and Winter, S. (1982), An Evolutionary Theory of Economic Change, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.
40. Petroski, H. (1992), The Evolution of Useful Things, Alfred Knoph, New York.
41. Polanyi, M. (1962), 'The republic of science', Minerva, 1: 54-73.
42. Popper, K. (1989), The Logic of Scientific Discovery, Basic Books, New York.
43. Porter, R. (1997), The Greatest Benefit to Mankind, W.W. Norton, New York.
44. Price, D. (1962), Government and Science, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
45. Rai, A. and Eisenberg, R. (2001), The Public and Private in Pharmaceutical Research, Mimeo.
46. Rosenberg, N. (1982), 'How exogenous is science?', in Rosenberg, N., Inside the Black Box, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
47. Rosenberg, N. (1996), 'Uncertainty and technological change', in Landau, R., Taylor, T. and Wright, G. (eds), The Mosaic of Economic Growth, Stanford University Press, Stanford.
48. Rosenberg, N. (1998), 'Technological change in chemicals', in Arora, A., Landau, R. and Rosenberg, N. (eds), Chemicals and Long Run Economic Growth, John Wiley, N.Y.
49. Rosenberg, N. and Nelson. R. (1994), 'American universities and technical advance in industry', Research Policy, 23(3): 323-48.
50. Sampat, B. and Nelson, R. (2002), 'The emergence and standardization of university technology transfer offices: a case study of institutional change', Advances in Strategic Management, 19.
51. Schumpeter, J. (1942), Capitalism, Socialism, and Democracy, Harper and Row, New York.
52. Stokes, D. (1996), Pasteur's Quadrant: Basic Science and Technological Innovation, Brookings Press, Washington D.C.
53. Vincenti, W. (1994), 'The retractable landing gear and the northrup anomaly', Technology and Culture, 35(1): 1-33.
54. Vincenti, W. (1990), What Engineers Know and How They Know It, Johns Hopkins Press, Baltimore.
55. Von Tunzelmann, G.N. (1995), Technology and Economic Progress, Edward Elgar, Aldershot UK.
56. Walsh, J., Arora, A. and Cohen, W. (2002), The patenting and licensing of research tools and biomedical innovation, paper prepared for the STEP Board of the NAS.
57. Ziman, J. (1978), Reliable Knowledge, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
58. Ziman, J. (2000), Technological Innovation as an Evolutionary Process, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.