메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 8, Issue 6, 2006, Pages 677-687

Clinical studies on chromium picolinate supplementation in diabetes mellitus - A review

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTIDIABETIC AGENT; APOLIPOPROTEIN A1; C REACTIVE PROTEIN; CARBOHYDRATE; CHOLESTEROL; CHROMIUM; CHROMIUM CHLORIDE; CHROMIUM DERIVATIVE; CHROMIUM HISTIDINATE; CHROMIUM PICOLINATE; CHROMIUM POLYNICOTINATE; CORTICOSTEROID; FATTY ACID; GLUCOSE; HEMOGLOBIN A1C; HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; INSULIN; LIPID; LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; NICOTINIC ACID; NICOTINIC ACID DERIVATIVE; PLACEBO; PROTEIN; TRIACYLGLYCEROL; UNINDEXED DRUG;

EID: 33845321762     PISSN: 15209156     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1089/dia.2006.8.677     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (142)

References (85)
  • 1
    • 54049148081 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (accessed July 2005)
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: The 2005 National Diabetes Fact Sheet. 2005. www.cdc.gov/diabetes (accessed July 2005).
    • (2005) The 2005 National Diabetes Fact Sheet
  • 3
    • 33845324006 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (accessed July 2005)
    • NIDDK: National Diabetes Statistics. NIH Publication Number 06-3892. 2005. http://diabetes.niddk.nih. gov/dm/pubs/statistics/index.htm (accessed July 2005).
    • (2005) NIH Publication Number 06-3892
  • 4
    • 27144438407 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (accessed July 2005)
    • World Health Organization: Diabetes Programme. 2006. http://www.who.int/ diabetes/facts/world_figures/en/ (accessed July 2005).
    • (2006) Diabetes Programme
  • 5
    • 0000770221 scopus 로고
    • The effect of chromium picolinate on insulin controlled parameters in humans
    • Evans GW: The effect of chromium picolinate on insulin controlled parameters in humans. Int J Biosocial Med Res 1989;11:163-180.
    • (1989) Int J Biosocial Med Res , vol.11 , pp. 163-180
    • Evans, G.W.1
  • 6
    • 0031730119 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chromium, glucose intolerance and diabetes
    • Anderson RA: Chromium, glucose intolerance and diabetes. J Am Coll Nutr 1998;17:548-555.
    • (1998) J Am Coll Nutr , vol.17 , pp. 548-555
    • Anderson, R.A.1
  • 7
    • 0034019757 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The biochemistry of chromium
    • Vincent JB: The biochemistry of chromium. J Nutr 2000;130:715-718.
    • (2000) J Nutr , vol.130 , pp. 715-718
    • Vincent, J.B.1
  • 8
    • 0001916130 scopus 로고
    • Chromium, glucose tolerance, diabetes and lipid metabolism
    • Anderson RA: Chromium, glucose tolerance, diabetes and lipid metabolism. J Adv Med 1995;8:37-50.
    • (1995) J Adv Med , vol.8 , pp. 37-50
    • Anderson, R.A.1
  • 9
    • 7444270286 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of chromium in human health and in diabetes
    • Cefalu WT, Hu FB: Role of chromium in human health and in diabetes. Diabetes Care 2004;27:2741-2751.
    • (2004) Diabetes Care , vol.27 , pp. 2741-2751
    • Cefalu, W.T.1    Hu, F.B.2
  • 10
    • 20144370807 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cellular chromium enhances activation of insulin receptor kinase
    • Wang H, Kruszewski A, Brautigan DL: Cellular chromium enhances activation of insulin receptor kinase. Biochemistry 2005; 44:8167-8175.
    • (2005) Biochemistry , vol.44 , pp. 8167-8175
    • Wang, H.1    Kruszewski, A.2    Brautigan, D.L.3
  • 11
    • 84979054274 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chromium: Recent studies regarding nutritional roles and safety
    • Heimbach JT, Anderson RA: Chromium: recent studies regarding nutritional roles and safety. Nutr Today 2005;40:2-8.
    • (2005) Nutr Today , vol.40 , pp. 2-8
    • Heimbach, J.T.1    Anderson, R.A.2
  • 13
  • 15
    • 0030695031 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elevated intakes of supplemental chromium improve glucose and insulin variables in individuals with type 2 diabetes
    • Anderson RA, Cheng N, Bryden NA, Polansky MM, Cheng N, Chi J, Feng J: Elevated intakes of supplemental chromium improve glucose and insulin variables in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes 1997;46:1786-1791.
    • (1997) Diabetes , vol.46 , pp. 1786-1791
    • Anderson, R.A.1    Cheng, N.2    Bryden, N.A.3    Polansky, M.M.4    Cheng, N.5    Chi, J.6    Feng, J.7
  • 16
    • 0021881034 scopus 로고
    • Chromium intake, absorption and excretion of subjects consuming self-selected diets
    • Anderson RA, Kozlovsky AS: Chromium intake, absorption and excretion of subjects consuming self-selected diets. Am J Clin Nutr 1985;41:1177-1183.
    • (1985) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.41 , pp. 1177-1183
    • Anderson, R.A.1    Kozlovsky, A.S.2
  • 17
    • 0032802334 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chromium as a supplement
    • Lukaski HC: Chromium as a supplement. Annu Rev Nutr 1999;19:279-302.
    • (1999) Annu Rev Nutr , vol.19 , pp. 279-302
    • Lukaski, H.C.1
  • 18
    • 0026608393 scopus 로고
    • Dietary chromium intake. Freely chosen diets, institutional diet, and individual foods
    • Anderson RA, Bryden NA, Polansky MM: Dietary chromium intake. Freely chosen diets, institutional diet, and individual foods. Biol Trace Elem Res 1992;32:117-121.
    • (1992) Biol Trace Elem Res , vol.32 , pp. 117-121
    • Anderson, R.A.1    Bryden, N.A.2    Polansky, M.M.3
  • 19
    • 0035197188 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lifestyle, minerals and health
    • Campbell JD: Lifestyle, minerals and health. Med Hypotheses 2001;57:521-531.
    • (2001) Med Hypotheses , vol.57 , pp. 521-531
    • Campbell, J.D.1
  • 21
    • 0019160220 scopus 로고
    • Dietary chromium intake of lactating Finnish mothers: Effect on the Cr content of their breast milk
    • Kumpulainen J, Vuori E, Makinen S, Kara R: Dietary chromium intake of lactating Finnish mothers: effect on the Cr content of their breast milk. Br J Nutr 1980;44:257-263.
    • (1980) Br J Nutr , vol.44 , pp. 257-263
    • Kumpulainen, J.1    Vuori, E.2    Makinen, S.3    Kara, R.4
  • 22
    • 33750492392 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Consumption of selected food sources of chromium in the diets of American adults
    • [abstract]
    • Juturu V, Komorowski JR: Consumption of selected food sources of chromium in the diets of American adults [abstract]. FASEB J 2003;17:A1129.
    • (2003) FASEB J , vol.17
    • Juturu, V.1    Komorowski, J.R.2
  • 24
    • 0022610266 scopus 로고
    • Effects of diets high in simple sugars on urinary chromium losses
    • Kozlovsky AS, Moser PB, Reiser S, Anderson RA: Effects of diets high in simple sugars on urinary chromium losses. Metabolism 1986;35:515-518.
    • (1986) Metabolism , vol.35 , pp. 515-518
    • Kozlovsky, A.S.1    Moser, P.B.2    Reiser, S.3    Anderson, R.A.4
  • 25
    • 2442440848 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased consumption of refined carbohydrates and the epidemic of type 2 diabetes in the United States: An ecologic assessment
    • Gross LS, Li L, Ford ES, Liu S: Increased consumption of refined carbohydrates and the epidemic of type 2 diabetes in the United States: an ecologic assessment. Am J Clin Nutr 2004;79:774-779.
    • (2004) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.79 , pp. 774-779
    • Gross, L.S.1    Li, L.2    Ford, E.S.3    Liu, S.4
  • 26
    • 0030958725 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age-related decreases in chromium levels in 51,665 hair, sweat, and serum samples from 40,872 patients - Implications for the prevention of cardiovascular disease and type II diabetes mellitus
    • Davies S, Howard JM, Hunnisett A, Howard M: Age-related decreases in chromium levels in 51,665 hair, sweat, and serum samples from 40,872 patients - implications for the prevention of cardiovascular disease and type II diabetes mellitus. Metabolism 1997;46:469-473.
    • (1997) Metabolism , vol.46 , pp. 469-473
    • Davies, S.1    Howard, J.M.2    Hunnisett, A.3    Howard, M.4
  • 27
    • 0025056476 scopus 로고
    • The role of trace elements in the aging process
    • Mertz W: The role of trace elements in the aging process. Prog Clin Biol Res 1990;326:229-240.
    • (1990) Prog Clin Biol Res , vol.326 , pp. 229-240
    • Mertz, W.1
  • 28
    • 0022632873 scopus 로고
    • Chromium metabolism and its role in disease processes in man
    • Anderson RA: Chromium metabolism and its role in disease processes in man. Clin Physiol Biochem 1986;4:31-41.
    • (1986) Clin Physiol Biochem , vol.4 , pp. 31-41
    • Anderson, R.A.1
  • 32
    • 0035983152 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oral chromium picolinate improves carbohydrate and lipid metabolism and enhances skeletal muscle Glut-4 translocation in obese, hyperinsulinemic (JCR-LA corpulent) rats
    • Cefalu WT, Wang ZQ, Zhang XH, Baldor LC, Russell JC: Oral chromium picolinate improves carbohydrate and lipid metabolism and enhances skeletal muscle Glut-4 translocation in obese, hyperinsulinemic (JCR-LA corpulent) rats. J Nutr 2002;132:1107-1114.
    • (2002) J Nutr , vol.132 , pp. 1107-1114
    • Cefalu, W.T.1    Wang, Z.Q.2    Zhang, X.H.3    Baldor, L.C.4    Russell, J.C.5
  • 33
    • 0035027511 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Concentrations of seven trace elements in different hematological matrices in patients with type 2 diabetes as compared to healthy controls
    • Ekmekcioglu C, Prohaska C, Pomazal K, Steffan I, Schernthaner G, Marktl W: Concentrations of seven trace elements in different hematological matrices in patients with type 2 diabetes as compared to healthy controls. Biol Trace Elem Res 2001;79:205-219.
    • (2001) Biol Trace Elem Res , vol.79 , pp. 205-219
    • Ekmekcioglu, C.1    Prohaska, C.2    Pomazal, K.3    Steffan, I.4    Schernthaner, G.5    Marktl, W.6
  • 34
    • 0026594929 scopus 로고
    • Hair chromium content of women with gestational diabetes compared with nondiabetic pregnant women
    • Aharoni A, Tesler B, Paltieli Y, Tal J, Dori Z, Sharf M: Hair chromium content of women with gestational diabetes compared with nondiabetic pregnant women. Am J Clin Nutr 1992;55:104-107.
    • (1992) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.55 , pp. 104-107
    • Aharoni, A.1    Tesler, B.2    Paltieli, Y.3    Tal, J.4    Dori, Z.5    Sharf, M.6
  • 35
    • 22444436664 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Supplementation with chromium picolinate recovers renal Cr concentration and improves carbohydrate metabolism and renal function in type 2 diabetic mice
    • Mita Y, Ishihara K, Fukuchi Y, Fukuya Y, Yasumoto K: Supplementation with chromium picolinate recovers renal Cr concentration and improves carbohydrate metabolism and renal function in type 2 diabetic mice. Biol Trace Elem Res 2005;105:229-248.
    • (2005) Biol Trace Elem Res , vol.105 , pp. 229-248
    • Mita, Y.1    Ishihara, K.2    Fukuchi, Y.3    Fukuya, Y.4    Yasumoto, K.5
  • 36
    • 0034099427 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chromium in the prevention and control of diabetes
    • Anderson RA: Chromium in the prevention and control of diabetes. Diabetes Metab 2000;26:22-27.
    • (2000) Diabetes Metab , vol.26 , pp. 22-27
    • Anderson, R.A.1
  • 37
    • 0036297793 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glucose and insulin responses to dietary chromium supplements: A meta-analysis
    • Althuis MD, Jordan NE, Ludington EA, Wittes JT: Glucose and insulin responses to dietary chromium supplements: a meta-analysis. Am J Clin Nutr 2002;76:148-155.
    • (2002) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.76 , pp. 148-155
    • Althuis, M.D.1    Jordan, N.E.2    Ludington, E.A.3    Wittes, J.T.4
  • 38
    • 19944424137 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Complementary therapies for diabetes: The case for chromium, magnesium, and antioxidants
    • Guerrero-Romero F, Rodriguez-Moran M: Complementary therapies for diabetes: the case for chromium, magnesium, and antioxidants. Arch Med Res 2005;36:250-257.
    • (2005) Arch Med Res , vol.36 , pp. 250-257
    • Guerrero-Romero, F.1    Rodriguez-Moran, M.2
  • 39
    • 0012765099 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of chromium picolinate on insulin levels and glucose control in obese patients with Type-II diabetes mellitus
    • [abstract]
    • Bahadori B, Wallner S, Hacker C, Boes U, Komorowski JR, Wascher TC: Effects of chromium picolinate on insulin levels and glucose control in obese patients with Type-II diabetes mellitus [abstract]. Diabetes 1999;48:A349.
    • (1999) Diabetes , vol.48
    • Bahadori, B.1    Wallner, S.2    Hacker, C.3    Boes, U.4    Komorowski, J.R.5    Wascher, T.C.6
  • 40
    • 0032946588 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Follow-up survey of people in China with type 2 diabetes mellitus consuming supplemental chromium
    • Cheng N, Zhu X, Hongli S, Wo W, Chi J, Cheng J, Anderson R: Follow-up survey of people in China with type 2 diabetes mellitus consuming supplemental chromium. J Trace Elem Med Biol 1999;12:55-60.
    • (1999) J Trace Elem Med Biol , vol.12 , pp. 55-60
    • Cheng, N.1    Zhu, X.2    Hongli, S.3    Wo, W.4    Chi, J.5    Cheng, J.6    Anderson, R.7
  • 41
    • 0346452262 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chromium picolinate reduces insulin requirement in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus
    • [abstract]
    • Feng J, Lin D, Zheng A, Cheng N: Chromium picolinate reduces insulin requirement in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus [abstract]. Diabetes 2002;51:A469.
    • (2002) Diabetes , vol.51
    • Feng, J.1    Lin, D.2    Zheng, A.3    Cheng, N.4
  • 42
    • 0036850643 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of chromium supplementation in Indians with type 2 diabetes mellitus
    • Ghosh D, Bhattacharya B, Mukherjee B, Manna B: Role of chromium supplementation in Indians with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Nutr Biochem 2002;13:690-697.
    • (2002) J Nutr Biochem , vol.13 , pp. 690-697
    • Ghosh, D.1    Bhattacharya, B.2    Mukherjee, B.3    Manna, B.4
  • 43
    • 33745002690 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chromium treatment has no effect in patients with poorly controlled, insulin-treated type 2 diabetes in an obese Western population: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
    • Kleefstra N, Houweling ST, Jansman FGA, Groenier KH, Gans ROB, Meyboom-de Jong B, Bakker SJL, Bilo HJG: Chromium treatment has no effect in patients with poorly controlled, insulin-treated type 2 diabetes in an obese Western population: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Diabetes Care 2006;29:521-525.
    • (2006) Diabetes Care , vol.29 , pp. 521-525
    • Kleefstra, N.1    Houweling, S.T.2    Jansman, F.G.A.3    Groenier, K.H.4    Gans, R.O.B.5    Meyboom-de Jong, B.6    Bakker, S.J.L.7    Bilo, H.J.G.8
  • 44
    • 0027949040 scopus 로고
    • Beneficial effect of chromium supplementation on serum triglyceride levels in NIDDM
    • Lee NA, Reasner CA: Beneficial effect of chromium supplementation on serum triglyceride levels in NIDDM. Diabetes Care 1994;17:1449-1452.
    • (1994) Diabetes Care , vol.17 , pp. 1449-1452
    • Lee, N.A.1    Reasner, C.A.2
  • 45
    • 33746601010 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chromium picolinate supplementation attenuates body weight gain and increases insulin sensitivity in subjects with type 2 diabetes
    • Martin J, Wang ZQ, Zhang XH, Wachtel D, Volaufova J, Matthews DE, Cefalu WT: Chromium picolinate supplementation attenuates body weight gain and increases insulin sensitivity in subjects with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2006;29:1826-1832.
    • (2006) Diabetes Care , vol.29 , pp. 1826-1832
    • Martin, J.1    Wang, Z.Q.2    Zhang, X.H.3    Wachtel, D.4    Volaufova, J.5    Matthews, D.E.6    Cefalu, W.T.7
  • 46
    • 0033786814 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chromium supplementation improves insulin resistance in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus
    • Morris BW, Kouta S, Robinson R, MacNeil S, Letters HS: Chromium supplementation improves insulin resistance in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabet Med 2000;17:684-685.
    • (2000) Diabet Med , vol.17 , pp. 684-685
    • Morris, B.W.1    Kouta, S.2    Robinson, R.3    MacNeil, S.4    Letters, H.S.5
  • 48
    • 3142677871 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of chromium supplementation on blood glucose and lipid levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus elderly patients
    • Rabinovitz H, Friedensohn A, Leibovitz A, Gabay G, Rocas C, Habot B: Effect of chromium supplementation on blood glucose and lipid levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus elderly patients. Int J Vitam Nutr Res 2004;74:178-182.
    • (2004) Int J Vitam Nutr Res , vol.74 , pp. 178-182
    • Rabinovitz, H.1    Friedensohn, A.2    Leibovitz, A.3    Gabay, G.4    Rocas, C.5    Habot, B.6
  • 49
    • 0032708471 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reversal of corticosteroid-induced diabetes mellitus with supplemental chromium
    • Ravina A, Slezak L, Mirsky N, Bryden NA, Anderson RA: Reversal of corticosteroid-induced diabetes mellitus with supplemental chromium. Diabet Med 1999;16:164-167.
    • (1999) Diabet Med , vol.16 , pp. 164-167
    • Ravina, A.1    Slezak, L.2    Mirsky, N.3    Bryden, N.A.4    Anderson, R.A.5
  • 50
    • 0029610735 scopus 로고
    • Clinical use of the trace element chromium (III) in the treatment of diabetes mellitus
    • Ravina A, Slezak L, Rubal A, Mirsky N: Clinical use of the trace element chromium (III) in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. J Trace Elem Med Biol 1995;8:183-190.
    • (1995) J Trace Elem Med Biol , vol.8 , pp. 183-190
    • Ravina, A.1    Slezak, L.2    Rubal, A.3    Mirsky, N.4
  • 51
    • 17044363062 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chromium supplementation shortens QTc interval duration in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
    • Vrtovec M, Vrtovec B, Briski A, Kocijancic A, Anderson RA, Radovancevic B: Chromium supplementation shortens QTc interval duration in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Am Heart J 2005;149:632-636.
    • (2005) Am Heart J , vol.149 , pp. 632-636
    • Vrtovec, M.1    Vrtovec, B.2    Briski, A.3    Kocijancic, A.4    Anderson, R.A.5    Radovancevic, B.6
  • 52
    • 0041416156 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • QTc interval prolongation is a predictor of future strokes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
    • Cardoso CR, Salles GF, Deccache W: QTc interval prolongation is a predictor of future strokes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Stroke 2003;34:2187-2194.
    • (2003) Stroke , vol.34 , pp. 2187-2194
    • Cardoso, C.R.1    Salles, G.F.2    Deccache, W.3
  • 55
    • 14644419566 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chromium supplementation does not improve glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, or lipid profile: A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial of supplementation in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance
    • Gunton JE, Cheung NW, Hitchman R, Hams G, O'Sullivan C, Foster-Powell K, McElduff A: Chromium supplementation does not improve glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, or lipid profile: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial of supplementation in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance. Diabetes Care 2005;28:712-713.
    • (2005) Diabetes Care , vol.28 , pp. 712-713
    • Gunton, J.E.1    Cheung, N.W.2    Hitchman, R.3    Hams, G.4    O'Sullivan, C.5    Foster-Powell, K.6    McElduff, A.7
  • 56
    • 21544448862 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chromium supplementation does not improve glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, or lipid profile: A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial of supplementation in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance: Response to Gunton et al
    • Komorowski JR, Juturu V: Chromium supplementation does not improve glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, or lipid profile: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial of supplementation in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance: response to Gunton et al. Diabetes Care 2005;28:1841-1842.
    • (2005) Diabetes Care , vol.28 , pp. 1841-1842
    • Komorowski, J.R.1    Juturu, V.2
  • 57
    • 0034641550 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of systolic blood pressure with macrovascular and microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 36): Prospective observational study
    • Adler AI, Stratton IM, Neil HA, Yudkin JS, Matthews DR, Cull CA, Wright AD, Turner RC, Holman RR: Association of systolic blood pressure with macrovascular and microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 36): prospective observational study. BMJ 2000; 321:412-419.
    • (2000) BMJ , vol.321 , pp. 412-419
    • Adler, A.I.1    Stratton, I.M.2    Neil, H.A.3    Yudkin, J.S.4    Matthews, D.R.5    Cull, C.A.6    Wright, A.D.7    Turner, R.C.8    Holman, R.R.9
  • 59
    • 0033960652 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lack of effect of dietary chromium supplementation on glucose tolerance, plasma insulin and lipoprotein levels in patients with type 2 diabetes
    • Trow LG, Lewis J, Greenwood RH, Sampson MJ, Self KA, Crews HM, Fairweather-Tait SJ: Lack of effect of dietary chromium supplementation on glucose tolerance, plasma insulin and lipoprotein levels in patients with type 2 diabetes. Int J Vitam Nutr Res 2000;70:14-18.
    • (2000) Int J Vitam Nutr Res , vol.70 , pp. 14-18
    • Trow, L.G.1    Lewis, J.2    Greenwood, R.H.3    Sampson, M.J.4    Self, K.A.5    Crews, H.M.6    Fairweather-Tait, S.J.7
  • 60
    • 0030426433 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of chromium nicotinic acid supplementation on selected cardiovascular disease risk factors
    • Thomas VL, Gropper SS: Effect of chromium nicotinic acid supplementation on selected cardiovascular disease risk factors. Biol Trace Elem Res 1996;55:297-305.
    • (1996) Biol Trace Elem Res , vol.55 , pp. 297-305
    • Thomas, V.L.1    Gropper, S.S.2
  • 61
    • 0026645799 scopus 로고
    • The effects of chromium supplementation on serum glucose and lipids in patients with and without non-insulin-dependent diabetes
    • Abraham AS, Brooks BA, Eylath U: The effects of chromium supplementation on serum glucose and lipids in patients with and without non-insulin-dependent diabetes. Metabolism 1992;41:768-771.
    • (1992) Metabolism , vol.41 , pp. 768-771
    • Abraham, A.S.1    Brooks, B.A.2    Eylath, U.3
  • 63
  • 64
    • 0026043408 scopus 로고
    • Supplemental-chromium effects on glucose, insulin, glucagon, and urinary chromium losses in subjects consuming controlled low-chromium diets
    • Anderson RA, Polansky MM, Bryden NA, Canary JJ: Supplemental-chromium effects on glucose, insulin, glucagon, and urinary chromium losses in subjects consuming controlled low-chromium diets. Am J Clin Nutr 1991;54:909-916.
    • (1991) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.54 , pp. 909-916
    • Anderson, R.A.1    Polansky, M.M.2    Bryden, N.A.3    Canary, J.J.4
  • 65
    • 10044243522 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stability and absorption of chromium and absorption of chromium histidinate complexes by humans
    • Anderson RA, Polansky MM, Bryden NA: Stability and absorption of chromium and absorption of chromium histidinate complexes by humans. Biol Trace Elem Res 2004;101:211-218.
    • (2004) Biol Trace Elem Res , vol.101 , pp. 211-218
    • Anderson, R.A.1    Polansky, M.M.2    Bryden, N.A.3
  • 66
    • 0029904248 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dietary chromium effects on tissue chromium concentrations and chromium absorption in rats
    • Anderson RA, Bryden NA, Polansky MM, Gautschi K: Dietary chromium effects on tissue chromium concentrations and chromium absorption in rats. J Trace Elem Exp Med 1996;9:11-25.
    • (1996) J Trace Elem Exp Med , vol.9 , pp. 11-25
    • Anderson, R.A.1    Bryden, N.A.2    Polansky, M.M.3    Gautschi, K.4
  • 67
    • 0028918390 scopus 로고
    • Chromium and parenteral nutrition
    • Anderson RA: Chromium and parenteral nutrition. Nutrition 1995;11:83-86.
    • (1995) Nutrition , vol.11 , pp. 83-86
    • Anderson, R.A.1
  • 68
    • 33845333753 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of acute absorption of various types of chromium supplement complexes
    • DiSilvestro RA, Dy E: Comparison of acute absorption of various types of chromium supplement complexes. FASEB J 2005;19:A92-A93.
    • (2005) FASEB J , vol.19
    • DiSilvestro, R.A.1    Dy, E.2
  • 70
    • 0036482285 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Defining the relationship between plasma glucose and HbA1c: Analysis of glucose profiles and HbA1c in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial
    • Rohlfing CL, Wiedmeyer HM, Little RR, England JD, Tennill A, Goldstein DE: Defining the relationship between plasma glucose and HbA1c: analysis of glucose profiles and HbA1c in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial. Diabetes Care 2002;25:275-278.
    • (2002) Diabetes Care , vol.25 , pp. 275-278
    • Rohlfing, C.L.1    Wiedmeyer, H.M.2    Little, R.R.3    England, J.D.4    Tennill, A.5    Goldstein, D.E.6
  • 71
    • 0032983666 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glycemic control with diet, sulfonylurea, metformin, or insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: Progressive requirement for multiple therapies (UKPDS 49)
    • UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group 52
    • Turner RC, Cull CA, Frighi V, Holman RR: Glycemic control with diet, sulfonylurea, metformin, or insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: progressive requirement for multiple therapies (UKPDS 49). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group 52. JAMA 1999;281:2005-2012.
    • (1999) JAMA , vol.281 , pp. 2005-2012
    • Turner, R.C.1    Cull, C.A.2    Frighi, V.3    Holman, R.R.4
  • 72
    • 0034641568 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of glycaemia with macrovascular and microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 35): Prospective observational study
    • Stratton IM, Adler AI, Neil HA, Matthews DR, Manley SE, Cull CA, Hadden D, Turner RC, Holman RR: Association of glycaemia with macrovascular and microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 35): prospective observational study. BMJ 2000;321:405-412.
    • (2000) BMJ , vol.321 , pp. 405-412
    • Stratton, I.M.1    Adler, A.I.2    Neil, H.A.3    Matthews, D.R.4    Manley, S.E.5    Cull, C.A.6    Hadden, D.7    Turner, R.C.8    Holman, R.R.9
  • 73
    • 0017885159 scopus 로고
    • Serum chromium and angiographically determined coronary artery disease
    • Newman HA, Leighton RF, Lanese RR, Freedland NA: Serum chromium and angiographically determined coronary artery disease. Clin Chem 1978;24:541-544.
    • (1978) Clin Chem , vol.24 , pp. 541-544
    • Newman, H.A.1    Leighton, R.F.2    Lanese, R.R.3    Freedland, N.A.4
  • 74
    • 0020530680 scopus 로고
    • Effects of chromium and yeast supplements on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in diabetic men
    • Rabinowitz MB, Gonick HC, Levin SR, Davidson MB: Effects of chromium and yeast supplements on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in diabetic men. Diabetes Care 1983;6:319-327.
    • (1983) Diabetes Care , vol.6 , pp. 319-327
    • Rabinowitz, M.B.1    Gonick, H.C.2    Levin, S.R.3    Davidson, M.B.4
  • 75
    • 31544482787 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dose-response relation between sulfonylurea drugs and mortality in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A population-based cohort study
    • Simpson SH, Majumdar SR, Tsuyuki RT, Eurich DT, Johnson JA: Dose-response relation between sulfonylurea drugs and mortality in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a population-based cohort study. CMAJ 2006;174:169-174.
    • (2006) CMAJ , vol.174 , pp. 169-174
    • Simpson, S.H.1    Majumdar, S.R.2    Tsuyuki, R.T.3    Eurich, D.T.4    Johnson, J.A.5
  • 76
    • 0029664327 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • QTc duration is associated with levels of insulin and glucose intolerance. The Zutphen Elderly Study
    • Dekker JM, Feskens EJ, Schouten EG, Klootwijk P, Pool J, Kromhout D: QTc duration is associated with levels of insulin and glucose intolerance. The Zutphen Elderly Study. Diabetes 1996;45:376-380.
    • (1996) Diabetes , vol.45 , pp. 376-380
    • Dekker, J.M.1    Feskens, E.J.2    Schouten, E.G.3    Klootwijk, P.4    Pool, J.5    Kromhout, D.6
  • 77
    • 0026650403 scopus 로고
    • The role of insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia in coronary heart disease
    • Reaven GM: The role of insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia in coronary heart disease. Metabolism 1992;41:16-19.
    • (1992) Metabolism , vol.41 , pp. 16-19
    • Reaven, G.M.1
  • 78
    • 33845315456 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists: Washington, DC: American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists
    • American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists: Findings and Recommendations on the Insulin Resistance Syndrome. Washington, DC: American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, 2002.
    • (2002) Findings and Recommendations on the Insulin Resistance Syndrome
  • 79
    • 0035159865 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin resistance: Cellular and clinical concepts
    • (Maywood)
    • Cefalu WT: Insulin resistance: cellular and clinical concepts. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2001;226:13-26.
    • (2001) Exp Biol Med , vol.226 , pp. 13-26
    • Cefalu, W.T.1
  • 80
    • 0033551397 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypertriglyceridemia, insulin resistance, and the metabolic syndrome
    • Grundy SM: Hypertriglyceridemia, insulin resistance, and the metabolic syndrome. Am J Cardiol 1999;83:25F-29F.
    • (1999) Am J Cardiol , vol.83
    • Grundy, S.M.1
  • 81
    • 0038306907 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin resistance/compensatory hyperinsulinemia, essential hypertension, and cardiovascular disease
    • Reaven GM: Insulin resistance/compensatory hyperinsulinemia, essential hypertension, and cardiovascular disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003;88:2399-2403.
    • (2003) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.88 , pp. 2399-2403
    • Reaven, G.M.1
  • 82
    • 0037312745 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dietary fat, fatty acid composition in plasma and the metabolic syndrome
    • Vessby B: Dietary fat, fatty acid composition in plasma and the metabolic syndrome. Curr Opin Lipidol 2003;14:15-19.
    • (2003) Curr Opin Lipidol , vol.14 , pp. 15-19
    • Vessby, B.1
  • 83
    • 0033694955 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The regulation of body fat distribution and the modulation of insulin action
    • Cases JA, Barzilai N: The regulation of body fat distribution and the modulation of insulin action. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2000;24(Suppl):S63- S66.
    • (2000) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord , vol.24 , Issue.SUPPL.
    • Cases, J.A.1    Barzilai, N.2
  • 84
    • 0028234239 scopus 로고
    • Effects of a low-insulin-response, energy-restricted diet on weight loss and plasma insulin concentrations in hyperinsulinemic obese females
    • Slabber M, Barnard HC, Kuyl JM, Dannhauser A, Schall R: Effects of a low-insulin-response, energy-restricted diet on weight loss and plasma insulin concentrations in hyperinsulinemic obese females. Am J Clin Nutr 1994;60:48-53.
    • (1994) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.60 , pp. 48-53
    • Slabber, M.1    Barnard, H.C.2    Kuyl, J.M.3    Dannhauser, A.4    Schall, R.5
  • 85
    • 24944514700 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of chromium picolinate and biotin in the management of type 2 diabetes: An economic analysis
    • Fuhr JP, He H, Goldfarb N, Nash DB: Use of chromium picolinate and biotin in the management of type 2 diabetes: an economic analysis. Dis Manag 2005;8:265-275.
    • (2005) Dis Manag , vol.8 , pp. 265-275
    • Fuhr, J.P.1    He, H.2    Goldfarb, N.3    Nash, D.B.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.