Optimal endpoints of resuscitation and early goal-directed therapy

Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care

Volumn 16, Issue 4, 2006, Pages 329-339

  Prittie, Jennifer ^a  

^a ANIMAL MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

Base deficit; Central mixed venous oxygen saturation; Endpoints of resuscitation; Gastric intramucosal pH; Lactate; Shock; Trauma

Indexed keywords

ANIMALIA;

EID: 33751327810     PISSN: 14793261     EISSN: 14764431     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-4431.2006.00160.x     Document Type: Review

References (74)

1. Shoemaker WC. Diagnosis and treatment of shock and circulatory failure, In: Shoemaker WC, Ayres SM, Grenjvik A, Holbrook PR. eds. Textbook of Critical Care, 4th edn. Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders Co; 2000, pp. 92-113.
2. American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma. Advanced Trauma Life Support Course of Doctors. Chicago, IL: American College of Surgeons; 1997.
3. Marino PL, Tissue oxygenation, In: Marino PL. ed. The ICU Book, 2nd edn. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins Co; 1998, pp. 187-203.
4. Abou-Khalil B, Scalea TM, Trooskin SZ, et al. Hemodynamic responses to shock in young trauma patients: need for invasive monitoring. Crit Care Med 1994; 22:633-639.
5. Shoemaker WC, Kram HB, Appel PL. Therapy of shock based on pathophysiology, monitoring and outcome prediction. Crit Care Med 1990; 18:S19-S25.
6. Shoemaker WC, Montgomery ES, Kaplan E, et al. Physiologic patterns in surviving and nonsurviving shock patients. Arch Surg 1973; 106:630-636.
7. Shoemaker WC, Appel PL, Kram HB, et al. Prospective trial of supranormal values of survivors as therapeutic goals in high-risk surgical patients. Chest 1988; 94:1176-1186.
8. Tuchschmidt J, Fried J, Asitiz M, et al. Elevation of cardiac output and oxygen delivery improves outcome in septic shock. Chest 1992; 102:216-220.
9. Bishop MH, Shoemaker WC, Appel PL, et al. Prospective, randomized trial of survivor values of cardiac index, oxygen delivery, and oxygen consumption as resuscitation endpoints in severe trauma. J Trauma 1995; 38:780-787.
10. Dunham M, Siegel JH, Weireter L, et al. Oxygen debt and metabolic acidemia as quantitative predictors of mortality and the severity of the ischemic insult in hemorrhagic shock. Crit Care Med 1991; 19:231-243.
11. Davis JW. The relationship of base deficit to lactate in porcine hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation. J Trauma 1994; 36:168-171.
12. Rashkin MC, Bosken C, Baughman RP. Oxygen delivery in critically ill patients: relationship to blood lactate and survival. Chest 1985; 87:580-584.
13. Bakker J, Coffernils M, Leon M, et al. Blood lactate levels are superior to oxygen-derived variables in predicting outcome in human septic shock. Chest 1991; 99:956-962.
14. Davis JW, Shackford SR, Holbrook TL. Base deficit as a sensitive indicator of compensated shock and tissue oxygen utilization. Surgery 1991; 173:473-476.
15. Waisman Y, Eichacker PQ, Banks SM, et al. Acute hemorrhage is dogs: construction and validation of models to quantify blood loss. J Appl Physiol 1993; 74:510-519.
16. Shah NS, Kelly E, Billiar TR, et al. Utility of clinical parameters of tissue oxygenation in a quantitative model of irreversible hemorrhagic shock. Shock 1998; 10:343-346.
17. Kincaid EH, Miller PR, Meredith JW, et al. Elevated arterial base deficit in trauma patients: a marker of impaired oxygen utilization. J Am Coll Surg 1998; 187:384-392.
18. Cairns CB, Moore FA, Haenel JB, et al. Evidence for early supply independent mitochondrial dysfunction in patients developing multiple organ failure after trauma. J Trauma 1997; 42:532-536.
19. Davis JW, Shackford SR, Mackersie RC, et al. Base deficit as a guide to volume resuscitation. J Trauma 1988; 28:1464-1467.
20. Davis JW, Parks SN, Kaups KL, et al. Admission base deficit predicts transfusion requirements and risk of complications. J Trauma 1996; 41:769-774.
21. Rutherford EJ, Moris JA, Reed GW, et al. Base deficit stratifies mortality and determines therapy. J Trauma 1992; 33:417-422.
22. Reinhart K, Rudolph T, Bredle DL, et al. Comparison of central-venous to mixed-venous oxygen saturation during changes in oxygen supply/demand. Chest 1989; 95:1216-1221.
23. Scheinman MM, Brown MA, Rapaport E. Critical assessment of uses of central venous oxygen saturation as a mirror of mixed venous oxygen in severely ill cardiac patients. Circulation 1969; XL:165-172.
24. Tahvanainen J, Meretoja O, Nikki P. Can central venous blood replace mixed venous blood samples? Crit Care Med 1982; 10:758-761.
25. Edwards JD, Mayall RM. Importance of the sampling site for measurement of mixed venous oxygen saturation in shock. Crit Care Med 1998; 26:1356-1360.
26. Scalea TM, Holman M, Fuortes M, et al. Central venous blood oxygen saturation: an early, accurate measurement of volume during hemorrhage. J Trauma 1988; 28:725-731.
27. Scalea TM, Hartnett RW, Duncan AO, et al. Central venous oxygen saturation: a useful clinical tool in trauma patients. J Trauma 1990; 30:1539-1543.
28. Rivers E, Nguyen B, Havstad S, et al. Early goal-directed therapy in the treatment of severe sepsis and septic shock. N Engl J Med 2001; 19:1368-1377.
29. Creteru J, De Backer D, Vincent JL. Monitoring gastric mucosal carbon dioxide pressure using gas tonometry. Anesthesiology 1997; 87:504-510.
30. 2 measurement by air tonometry. J Clin Monit 1997; 13:115-119.
31. Guzman JA, Kruse JA. Development and validation of a technique for continuous monitoring of gastric intramucosal pH. Am J Resp Crit Care Med 1996; 153:694-700.
32. Gutierrex G, Bismar H, Dantzker DR, et al. Comparison of gastric intramucosal pH with measures of oxygen transport and consumption in critically ill patients. Crit Care Med 1992; 20:451-457.
33. Doglio GR, Pusajo JF, Egurrola MA, et al. Gastric mucoal pH as a prognostic index of mortality in critically ill patients. Crit Care Med 1991; 19:1037-1040.
34. Chang MC, Cheatham ML, Nelson LD, et al. Gastric tonometry supplements information provided by systemic indicators of oxygen transport. J Trauma 1994; 37:488-494.
35. Ivatury RR, Simon RJ, Havriliak D, et al. Gastric mucosal pH and oxygen delivery and oxygen consumption indices in the assessment of adequacy of resuscitation after trauma: a prospective randomized study. J Trauma 1995; 39:128-134.
36. Siegemund M, van Iterson M, Ince C. Oxygen electrodes, optode microsensing, near-infrared spectroscopy, spectrophotometry, In: Sibbald WJ, Messmer KFW, Fink MP, Vincent JL. eds. Tissue Oxygenation in Acute Medicine: Update in Intensive Care Medicine. Berlin, Germany: Springer-Verlag; 2002, pp. 241-259.
37. 2 as early warning of tissue hypoxia and hemodynamic shock in critically ill emergency patients. Crit Care Med 2000; 28:2248-2253.
38. Weil MH, Nakagawa Y, Tang W, et al. Sublingual capnometry: a new noninvasive measurement for diagnosis and quantification of severity of circulatory shock. Crit Care Med 1999; 27:1225-1229.
39. Marik PE, Bankov A. Sublingual capnometry versus traditional markers of tissue oxygenation in critically ill patients. Crit Care Med 2003; 31:818-822.
40. 2 during hemorrhagic shock. Shock 2001; 15:398-402.
41. 2 uptake during bacteremia in dogs. J Appl Physiol 1987; 63:1487-1492.
42. Shibutani K, Komatsu T, Kubal K, et al. Critical level of oxygen delivery in anesthetized man. Crit Care Med 1983; 11:640-643.
43. Komatsu T, Shiutani K, Kazufumi O, et al. Critical level of oxyen delivery after cardiopulmonary bypass. Crit Care Med 1987; 15:194-197.
44. Rady MY. Triage and resuscitation of critically ill patients in the emergency department: current concepts and practice. Eur J Emer Med 1994; 1:175-189.
45. Muir WM. Shock. Comp Cont Ed 1998; 20:549-567.
46. Wo CCJ, Shoemaker WC, Appel PL, et al. Unreliability of blood pressure and heart rate to evaluate cardiac output in emergency resuscitation and critical care. Crit Care Med 1993; 21:218-223.
47. Rady MY, Smithline HA, Blake H, et al. A comparison of the shock index and conventional vital signs to identify acute, critical illness in the emergency department. Ann Emerg Med 1994; 24:685-690.
48. Rady MY, Nightingal P, Little RA, et al. Shock index: a re-revaluation in acute circulatory failure. Resuscitation 1992; 23:227-234.
49. Shoemaker WC, Czer LSC. Evaluation of the biologic importance of various hemodynamic and oxygen transport variables: which variables should be monitored in postoperative shock? Crit Care Med 1997; 7:424-429.
50. Siegel JH, Fabian M, Smith JA, et al. Oxygen debt criteria quantify the effectiveness of early partial resuscitation after hypovolemic hemorrhagic shock. J Trauma 2003; 54:862-880.
51. Scalea TM, Maltz S, Yelon J, et al. Resuscitation of multiple trauma and head injury: the role of crystalloid fluids and inotropes. Crit Care Med 1994; 20:1610-1615.
52. Rady MY, Rivers EP. Resuscitation of the critically ill in the ED: responses of blood pressure, heart rate, shock index, central venous oxygen saturation, and lactate. Am J Emerg Med 1996; 14:218-225.
53. Vincent JL. The available clinical tools - oxygen-derived variables, lactate, and pHi, In: Sibbald WJ, Messmer KFW, Fink MP, Vincent JL. eds. Tissue Oxygenation in Acute Medicine: Update in Intensive Care Medicine. Berlin, Germany: Springer-Verlag; 2002, pp. 193-203.
54. Rady MY, Edwards JD, Rivers EP, et al. Measurement of oxygen consumption after uncomplicated acute myocardial infarction. Chest 1993; 104:930-934.
55. Moore FA, Haenel JB, Moore EE, et al. Incommensurate oxygen consumption in response to maximal oxygen availability predicts postinjury multiple organ failure. J Trauma 1992; 33:58-56.
56. Tisherman SA, Barie P, Bokhari F, et al. Clinical practice guideline: endpoints of resuscitation. Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma 2003.
57. Hayes MA, Timmins AC, Ernest HS, et al. Elevation of systemic oxygen delivery in the treatment of critically ill patients. N Engl J Med 1994; 330:1717-1722.
58. Gattinoni L, Brazzi L, Pelosi P, et al. A trial of goal-oriented hemodynamic therapy in critically ill patients. N Engl J Med 1995; 333:1025-1032.
59. Kern JW, Shoemaker WC. Meta-analysis of hemodynamic optimization in high-risk patients. Crit Care Med 2002; 30:1686-1692.
60. Yu M. Oxygen transport optimization. New Horizons 1999; 7:46-52.
61. Shoemaker WC. Letter to the editor. N Engl J Med 1995; 335:799.
62. Silance PG, Simon C, Vincent JL. The relation between cardiac index and oxygen extraction in acutely ill patients. Chest 1994; 105:1190-1119.
63. Vincent JL, Dufaye P, Berre J, et al. Serial lactate determinations during circulatory shock. Crit Care Med 1983; 11:449-451.
64. Abramson D, Scalea TM, Hitchcock R, et al. Lactate clearance and survival following injury. J Trauma 1993; 35:584-588.
65. Nguyen HB, Rivers EP, Knoblich BP, et al. Early lactate clearance is associated with improved outcome in severe sepsis and septic shock. Crit Care Med 2004; 32:1637-1642.
66. Krafft P, Steltzer H, Hiesmayr M, et al. Mixed venous oxygen saturation in critically ill septic shock patients: the role of defined events. Chest 1993; 103:900-906.
67. Lagutchik MS, Ogilvie GK, Wingfield WE, et al. Lactate kinetics in veterinary critical care: a review. J Vet Emerg Crit Care 1996; 6:81-95.
68. Hughes D. Clinical use of blood lactate concentration in the critically ill patient. IVECCS proceedings, San Antonio, TX 1998; 529-533.
69. Porter JM, Ivatury RR. In search of the optimal end points of resuscitation in trauma patients: a review. J Trauma 1998; 44:908-914.
70. Furr M, Lessard P, White N. Development of a colic severity score for predicting the outcome of equine colic. Vet Surg 1995; 24:97-101.
71. Orsini JA, Elser AH, Galligan DT, et al. Prognostic index for acute abdominal crisis (colic) in horses. Am J Vet Res 1988; 49:1969-1971.
72. Lagutchik LS, Ogilvie GK, Hackett TB, et al. Increased lactate concentrations in ill and injured dogs. J Vet Emerg Crit Care 1998; 8:117-127.
73. Papp E, Drobatz KJ, Hughes D. Plasma lactate concentration as a predictor of gastric necrosis and survival among dogs with gastric dilatation-volvulus: 102 cases (1995-1998). J Vet Emerg Crit Care 1999; 215:49-52.
74. Boysen SR, Rozanski EA, Tidwell AS, et al. Evaluation of a focused assessment with sonography for trauma protocol to detect free abdominal fluid in dogs involved in motor vehicle accidents. J Amer Vet Med Assoc 2004; 225:1198-1204.