메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 6, Issue 2, 1996, Pages 81-95

Lactate kinetics in veterinary critical care: A review

Author keywords

Critical care; Hyperlactatemia; Lactate; Lactic acidosis; Shock

Indexed keywords


EID: 0001957490     PISSN: 14793261     EISSN: 14764431     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-4431.1996.tb00036.x     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (75)

References (129)
  • 1
    • 0027960676 scopus 로고
    • Which bicarbonate concentration is adequate to lactate-buffered substitution fluids in maintenance hemofiltration
    • Bohm R, Gladziwa U, Clasen W, et al. Which bicarbonate concentration is adequate to lactate-buffered substitution fluids in maintenance hemofiltration Clin Nephrol 42:257–262, 1994.
    • (1994) Clin Nephrol , vol.42 , pp. 257-262
    • Bohm, R.1    Gladziwa, U.2    Clasen, W.3
  • 2
    • 0025999436 scopus 로고
    • The prognostic use of a lactate infusion in patients with severe hepatorenal failure
    • Davenport A, Davison AM, Will EJ. The prognostic use of a lactate infusion in patients with severe hepatorenal failure. Renal Failure 13:111–118, 1991.
    • (1991) Renal Failure , vol.13 , pp. 111-118
    • Davenport, A.1    Davison, A.M.2    Will, E.J.3
  • 3
    • 0024378935 scopus 로고
    • The effect of lactatebuffered solutions on the acid-base status of patients with renal failure
    • Davenport A, Will E, Davison AM. The effect of lactatebuffered solutions on the acid-base status of patients with renal failure. Nephrol Dial Transpplant 4:800–804, 1989.
    • (1989) Nephrol Dial Transpplant , vol.4 , pp. 800-804
    • Davenport, A.1    Will, E.2    Davison, A.M.3
  • 4
    • 0018184942 scopus 로고
    • Iatrogenic lactic acidosis: Association with hypertonic glucose administration in a patient with cancer
    • Goodgame JT, Pizzo P, Brennan MF. Iatrogenic lactic acidosis: Association with hypertonic glucose administration in a patient with cancer. Cancer 42:800–803, 1978.
    • (1978) Cancer , vol.42 , pp. 800-803
    • Goodgame, J.T.1    Pizzo, P.2    Brennan, M.F.3
  • 5
    • 0024333948 scopus 로고
    • Metabolism of Dlactate in patients receiving hypertonic sodium lactate solution
    • Roberts JP, Shackford S, Peters RM. Metabolism of Dlactate in patients receiving hypertonic sodium lactate solution. Surg Gynecol Obstet 168:429–43, 1989.
    • (1989) Surg Gynecol Obstet , vol.168 , pp. 429-443
    • Roberts, J.P.1    Shackford, S.2    Peters, R.M.3
  • 6
    • 0027032316 scopus 로고
    • Induction of acute hyperglycemia, hyperlactemia, and hypocalcemia in fed and fasted BALB/C mice by intravenous amylin injection
    • Wang M-W, Carlo P, Fineman M, et al. Induction of acute hyperglycemia, hyperlactemia, and hypocalcemia in fed and fasted BALB/C mice by intravenous amylin injection. Endocrine Research 18:321–332, 1992.
    • (1992) Endocrine Research , vol.18 , pp. 321-332
    • Wang, M.-W.1    Carlo, P.2    Fineman, M.3
  • 7
    • 0027424707 scopus 로고
    • Metabolic and thermogenic effects of lactate infusion in humans
    • Ferrannini E, Natali A, Brandi LS, et al. Metabolic and thermogenic effects of lactate infusion in humans. Am J Physiol 265 E504–512, 1993.
    • (1993) Am J Physiol , vol.265 , pp. E504-512
    • Ferrannini, E.1    Natali, A.2    Brandi, L.S.3
  • 8
    • 0026711136 scopus 로고
    • Alpha-ketog-lutarate dehydrogenase deficiency presenting as congenial lactic acidosis
    • Bonnefont J-P, Chretien D, Rustin P, et al. Alpha-ketog-lutarate dehydrogenase deficiency presenting as congenial lactic acidosis. J Pediatr 121:255–258, 1992.
    • (1992) J Pediatr , vol.121 , pp. 255-258
    • Bonnefont, J.-P.1    Chretien, D.2    Rustin, P.3
  • 9
    • 0027955658 scopus 로고
    • Liver cytochrome c oxidase deficiency in a case of neonatal-onset hÂpatic failure
    • Edery P, Gerard B, Chretien D, et al. Liver cytochrome c oxidase deficiency in a case of neonatal-onset hÂpatic failure. Eur J Pediatr 153:190–194, 1994.
    • (1994) Eur J Pediatr , vol.153 , pp. 190-194
    • Edery, P.1    Gerard, B.2    Chretien, D.3
  • 10
    • 0025137642 scopus 로고
    • Alterations in carbohydrate metabolism in canine lymphoma
    • Vail DM, Ogilvie GK, Wheeler SL, et al. Alterations in carbohydrate metabolism in canine lymphoma. J Vet Intern Med 4:8–11, 1990.
    • (1990) J Vet Intern Med , vol.4 , pp. 8-11
    • Vail, D.M.1    Ogilvie, G.K.2    Wheeler, S.L.3
  • 11
    • 0025490138 scopus 로고
    • Exacerbation of hyperlactatemia by infusion of Lactated Ringer's Solution in dogs with lymphoma
    • Vail DM, Ogilvie GK, Fettman MJ, Wheeler SL. Exacerbation of hyperlactatemia by infusion of Lactated Ringer's Solution in dogs with lymphoma. J Vet Intern Med 4:228–232, 1990.
    • (1990) J Vet Intern Med , vol.4 , pp. 228-232
    • Vail, D.M.1    Ogilvie, G.K.2    Fettman, M.J.3    Wheeler, S.L.4
  • 12
    • 0026541446 scopus 로고
    • Effects of chemotherapy and remission on carbohydrate metabolism in dogs with lymphoma
    • Ogilvie GK, Vail DM, Wheeler SL, et al. Effects of chemotherapy and remission on carbohydrate metabolism in dogs with lymphoma. Cancer 69:233–238, 1992.
    • (1992) Cancer , vol.69 , pp. 233-238
    • Ogilvie, G.K.1    Vail, D.M.2    Wheeler, S.L.3
  • 13
    • 0022475611 scopus 로고
    • Pathophysiology of malnutrition in the adult cancer patient
    • Heber D, Byerley LO, Chi J, et al. Pathophysiology of malnutrition in the adult cancer patient. Cancer 58:1867–1873, 1986.
    • (1986) Cancer , vol.58 , pp. 1867-1873
    • Heber, D.1    Byerley, L.O.2    Chi, J.3
  • 14
    • 0346184900 scopus 로고
    • Acute tumor lysis syndrome in dogs
    • Brooks DG. Acute tumor lysis syndrome in dogs. Comp Cent Ed Pratt Vet 17:1103–1106, 1995.
    • (1995) Comp Cent Ed Pratt Vet , vol.17 , pp. 1103-1106
    • Brooks, D.G.1
  • 16
    • 0016165572 scopus 로고
    • Lactic acidosis in malignancy and observations on its possible pathogenesis
    • Block JB. Lactic acidosis in malignancy and observations on its possible pathogenesis. Ann NY Acad Sci 230:94–102, 1974.
    • (1974) Ann NY Acad Sci , vol.230 , pp. 94-102
    • Block, J.B.1
  • 17
    • 0018621394 scopus 로고
    • Lactate metabolism in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer
    • Holroyde CP, Axelrod RS, Skutches CL, et al. Lactate metabolism in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Cancer Research 39:4900–4904, 1979.
    • (1979) Cancer Research , vol.39 , pp. 4900-4904
    • Holroyde, C.P.1    Axelrod, R.S.2    Skutches, C.L.3
  • 19
    • 0019434960 scopus 로고
    • Chronic lactic acidosis in a patient with cancer: Therapy and metabolic consequences
    • Fields ALA, Wolman SL, Halperin ML. Chronic lactic acidosis in a patient with cancer: Therapy and metabolic consequences. Cancer 47:2026–2029, 1981.
    • (1981) Cancer , vol.47 , pp. 2026-2029
    • Fields, A.L.A.1    Wolman, S.L.2    Halperin, M.L.3
  • 20
    • 0022048260 scopus 로고
    • Lactic Acidosis - A review of the association with neoplastic disorder
    • Johnson DA, Whelan TV. Lactic Acidosis - A review of the association with neoplastic disorder. Military Medicine 150:206–208, 1985.
    • (1985) Military Medicine , vol.150 , pp. 206-208
    • Johnson, D.A.1    Whelan, T.V.2
  • 22
    • 0015951238 scopus 로고
    • Lactate metabolism in patients with cancer
    • Waterhouse C. Lactate metabolism in patients with cancer. Cancer 33:66–71, 1974.
    • (1974) Cancer , vol.33 , pp. 66-71
    • Waterhouse, C.1
  • 23
    • 0018056642 scopus 로고
    • Lactic acidosis in oat cell carcinoma with extensive hepatic metastases
    • Spechler SJ, Esposito AL, Koff RS, Hong WK. Lactic acidosis in oat cell carcinoma with extensive hepatic metastases. Arch Intern Med 138:1663–1664, 1978.
    • (1978) Arch Intern Med , vol.138 , pp. 1663-1664
    • Spechler, S.J.1    Esposito, A.L.2    Koff, R.S.3    Hong, W.K.4
  • 24
    • 1842808265 scopus 로고
    • Blood lactate and oxygen transport
    • Kruse JA. Blood lactate and oxygen transport. Intensive Care World 4:121–125, 1987.
    • (1987) Intensive Care World , vol.4 , pp. 121-125
    • Kruse, J.A.1
  • 27
    • 0026527574 scopus 로고
    • Lactic acidosis in critical illness
    • Mizock BA, Falk JL. Lactic acidosis in critical illness. Crit Care Med 20:80–93, 1992.
    • (1992) Crit Care Med , vol.20 , pp. 80-93
    • Mizock, B.A.1    Falk, J.L.2
  • 28
    • 0018843671 scopus 로고
    • Lactate homeostasis and lactic acidosis
    • (Part 1)
    • Kreisberg RA. Lactate homeostasis and lactic acidosis. Ann Int Med 92(Part 1):227–237, 1980.
    • (1980) Ann Int Med , vol.92 , pp. 227-237
    • Kreisberg, R.A.1
  • 30
    • 0028358691 scopus 로고
    • Natural history and course of acquired lactic acidosis in adults
    • Stacpoole PW, Wright EC, Baumgartner TG, et al. Natural history and course of acquired lactic acidosis in adults. Am J Med 97:47–54, 1994.
    • (1994) Am J Med , vol.97 , pp. 47-54
    • Stacpoole, P.W.1    Wright, E.C.2    Baumgartner, T.G.3
  • 31
    • 85062755630 scopus 로고
    • Lactic acidosis
    • Mizock BS. Lactic acidosis. Disease-A-Month 5:235–300, 1989.
    • (1989) Disease-A-Month , vol.5 , pp. 235-300
    • Mizock, B.S.1
  • 32
    • 0025900942 scopus 로고
    • Blood lactate: Biochemistry, laboratory methods, and clinical interpretation
    • Toffaletti JG. Blood lactate: Biochemistry, laboratory methods, and clinical interpretation. Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences 28:253–268, 1991.
    • (1991) Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences , vol.28 , pp. 253-268
    • Toffaletti, J.G.1
  • 35
    • 0025756545 scopus 로고
    • Lactate and acid base changes in the critically ill
    • Nimmo GR, Grant IS, Mackenzie SJ. Lactate and acid base changes in the critically ill. Postgrad Med J 67(Suppl 1):S56–61, 1991.
    • (1991) Postgrad Med J , vol.67 , pp. S56-61
    • Nimmo, G.R.1    Grant, I.S.2    Mackenzie, S.J.3
  • 36
    • 50549184411 scopus 로고
    • Abnormal resting blood lactate. I. The significance of hyperlactatemia in hospitalized patients
    • Huckabee WE. Abnormal resting blood lactate. I. The significance of hyperlactatemia in hospitalized patients. Am J Med 30:833–839, 1961.
    • (1961) Am J Med , vol.30 , pp. 833-839
    • Huckabee, W.E.1
  • 37
    • 50549179057 scopus 로고
    • Abnormal resting blood lactate. II. Lactic acidosis
    • Huckabee WE. Abnormal resting blood lactate. II. Lactic acidosis. Am J Med 30:840–848, 1961.
    • (1961) Am J Med , vol.30 , pp. 840-848
    • Huckabee, W.E.1
  • 38
    • 0028838217 scopus 로고
    • Physiology and regulation: Ionized calcium, magnesium and lactate measurements in critical care settings
    • Toffaletti J. Physiology and regulation: Ionized calcium, magnesium and lactate measurements in critical care settings. Am J Clin Pathol 104(Suppl 1):S88–S94, 1995.
    • (1995) Am J Clin Pathol , vol.104 , pp. S88-S94
    • Toffaletti, J.1
  • 39
    • 84995189631 scopus 로고
    • Lactate levels in critically ill patients
    • Vincent J-L. Lactate levels in critically ill patients. Acta Anaesthiol Scand 39(Suppl):261–266, 1995.
    • (1995) Acta Anaesthiol Scand , vol.39 , pp. 261-266
    • Vincent, J.-L.1
  • 40
    • 84995181223 scopus 로고
    • Lactate, pH, and blood gas analysis in critically ill patients
    • Waldau T, Larsen VH, Bonde J, Fogh Andersen Lactate, pH, and blood gas analysis in critically ill patients. Acta Anaesthiol Scand 39(Suppl):267–271, 1995.
    • (1995) Acta Anaesthiol Scand , vol.39 , pp. 267-271
    • Waldau, T.1    Larsen, V.H.2    Bonde, J.3    Andersen, F.4
  • 41
    • 0028085321 scopus 로고
    • Predictors of outcome from critical illness: Shock and cardiopulmonary resuscitation
    • Tuchschmidt JA, Mecher CE. Predictors of outcome from critical illness: Shock and cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Crit Care Clinics 10:179–195, 1994.
    • (1994) Crit Care Clinics , vol.10 , pp. 179-195
    • Tuchschmidt, J.A.1    Mecher, C.E.2
  • 42
    • 0014733538 scopus 로고
    • Lactic acidosis
    • Oliva PB. Lactic acidosis. Am J Med 48:209–225, 1970.
    • (1970) Am J Med , vol.48 , pp. 209-225
    • Oliva, P.B.1
  • 43
    • 0028878281 scopus 로고
    • Alterations in carbohydrate metabolism during stress: A review of the literature
    • Mizock BA. Alterations in carbohydrate metabolism during stress: A review of the literature. Am J Med 98:75–84, 1995.
    • (1995) Am J Med , vol.98 , pp. 75-84
    • Mizock, B.A.1
  • 45
    • 0023190229 scopus 로고
    • Controversies in lactic acidosis: Implications in critically ill patients
    • Mizock BA. Controversies in lactic acidosis: Implications in critically ill patients. JAMA 258:497–501, 1987.
    • (1987) JAMA , vol.258 , pp. 497-501
    • Mizock, B.A.1
  • 46
    • 0023061495 scopus 로고
    • Plasma lactate measurements in healthy Beagle dogs
    • Evans GO. Plasma lactate measurements in healthy Beagle dogs. Am J Vet Res 48:131–132, 1987.
    • (1987) Am J Vet Res , vol.48 , pp. 131-132
    • Evans, G.O.1
  • 47
    • 0022745356 scopus 로고
    • Osmolal and anion gaps in dogs with acute endotoxic shock
    • Hauptman JG, Tvedten H. Osmolal and anion gaps in dogs with acute endotoxic shock. Am J Vet Res 47:1617–1619, 1986.
    • (1986) Am J Vet Res , vol.47 , pp. 1617-1619
    • Hauptman, J.G.1    Tvedten, H.2
  • 48
    • 0026912723 scopus 로고
    • Episodic weakness associated with exertional lactic acidosis and myopathy in Old English Sheepdog littermates
    • Breitschwerdt EB, Kornegay JN, Wheeler SJ, et al. Episodic weakness associated with exertional lactic acidosis and myopathy in Old English Sheepdog littermates. JAVMA 201:731–736, 1992.
    • (1992) JAVMA , vol.201 , pp. 731-736
    • Breitschwerdt, E.B.1    Kornegay, J.N.2    Wheeler, S.J.3
  • 49
    • 0029243615 scopus 로고
    • Fluid, electrolyte, and packed cell volume shifts in racing Greyhounds
    • Toll PW, Gaehtgens P, Neuhaus D, et al. Fluid, electrolyte, and packed cell volume shifts in racing Greyhounds. Am J Vet Res 56:227–232, 1995.
    • (1995) Am J Vet Res , vol.56 , pp. 227-232
    • Toll, P.W.1    Gaehtgens, P.2    Neuhaus, D.3
  • 50
    • 0025865703 scopus 로고
    • Experimental models of pathologic oxygen supply dependency
    • Cain SM, Curtis SE. Experimental models of pathologic oxygen supply dependency. Crit Care Med 19:603–612, 1991.
    • (1991) Crit Care Med , vol.19 , pp. 603-612
    • Cain, S.M.1    Curtis, S.E.2
  • 52
    • 0016940131 scopus 로고
    • Clinical evaluation of blood lactate levels in equine colic
    • Moore JN, Owen RR, Lumsden JH. Clinical evaluation of blood lactate levels in equine colic, Equine Vet J 8:49–54, 1976.
    • (1976) Equine Vet J , vol.8 , pp. 49-54
    • Moore, J.N.1    Owen, R.R.2    Lumsden, J.H.3
  • 53
    • 84987562420 scopus 로고
    • A review of lactic acidosis with particular reference to the horse
    • Moore JN, Johnson JH, Traver DS, et al. A review of lactic acidosis with particular reference to the horse. J Equine Med Surg 1:96–105, 1977.
    • (1977) J Equine Med Surg , vol.1 , pp. 96-105
    • Moore, J.N.1    Johnson, J.H.2    Traver, D.S.3
  • 55
    • 0023062006 scopus 로고
    • Contribution of whole blood L-lactate, pyruvate, D-lactate, acetoacetate, and 3-hydroxybutyrate concentrations to the plasma anion gap in horses with intestinal disorders
    • Gossett KA, Cleghorn B, Adams R, et al. Contribution of whole blood L-lactate, pyruvate, D-lactate, acetoacetate, and 3-hydroxybutyrate concentrations to the plasma anion gap in horses with intestinal disorders. Am J Vet Res 48:72–75, 1987.
    • (1987) Am J Vet Res , vol.48 , pp. 72-75
    • Gossett, K.A.1    Cleghorn, B.2    Adams, R.3
  • 56
    • 0023061172 scopus 로고
    • Correlation between anion gap, blood L-lactate concentration, and survival in horses
    • Gossett KA, Cleghorn B, Martin GS, Church GE. Correlation between anion gap, blood L-lactate concentration, and survival in horses. Equine Vet J 19:29–30, 1987.
    • (1987) Equine Vet J , vol.19 , pp. 29-30
    • Gossett, K.A.1    Cleghorn, B.2    Martin, G.S.3    Church, G.E.4
  • 57
    • 0028949993 scopus 로고
    • Effects of dimethyl sulfoxide, allopurinol, 21-aminosteroid U-74389G, and manganese chloride on low-flow ischemia and reperfusion of the large colon in horses
    • Moore RM, Muir WW, Bertone AL, et al. Effects of dimethyl sulfoxide, allopurinol, 21-aminosteroid U-74389G, and manganese chloride on low-flow ischemia and reperfusion of the large colon in horses, Am J Vet Res 56:671–687, 1995.
    • (1995) Am J Vet Res , vol.56 , pp. 671-687
    • Moore, R.M.1    Muir, W.W.2    Bertone, A.L.3
  • 58
    • 0020503224 scopus 로고
    • Definition of clinically relevant lactic acidosis in patients with internal diseases
    • Luft D, Deichsel G, Schmulling R-M, et al. Definition of clinically relevant lactic acidosis in patients with internal diseases. Am J Clin Pathol 80:484–489, 1983.
    • (1983) Am J Clin Pathol , vol.80 , pp. 484-489
    • Luft, D.1    Deichsel, G.2    Schmulling, R.-M.3
  • 59
    • 0004290254 scopus 로고
    • Philadelphia, Lea and Febiger
    • Marino PL. The ICU Book. Philadelphia, Lea and Febiger, 1991, pp 14–24.
    • (1991) The ICU Book , pp. 14-24
    • Marino, P.L.1
  • 60
    • 0023276846 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of blood lactate concentrations in central venous, pulmonary artery, and arterial blood
    • Weil MH, Michaels S, Rackow EC. Comparison of blood lactate concentrations in central venous, pulmonary artery, and arterial blood. Crit Care Med 15:489–490, 1987.
    • (1987) Crit Care Med , vol.15 , pp. 489-490
    • Weil, M.H.1    Michaels, S.2    Rackow, E.C.3
  • 61
    • 0023625357 scopus 로고
    • Significance of blood lactate levels in critically ill patients with liver disease
    • Kruse JA, Zaidi SAJ, Carlson RW. Significance of blood lactate levels in critically ill patients with liver disease. Am J Med 83:77–82, 1987.
    • (1987) Am J Med , vol.83 , pp. 77-82
    • Kruse, J.A.1    Zaidi, S.A.J.2    Carlson, R.W.3
  • 62
    • 0015417197 scopus 로고
    • Hepatic lactate uptake during decreased liver perfusion and hypoxemia
    • Tashkin DP, Goldstein PJ, Simmons DH. Hepatic lactate uptake during decreased liver perfusion and hypoxemia. Am J Physiol 223:968–974, 1972.
    • (1972) Am J Physiol , vol.223 , pp. 968-974
    • Tashkin, D.P.1    Goldstein, P.J.2    Simmons, D.H.3
  • 63
    • 0023639426 scopus 로고
    • Pathophysiology of type A hypoxic lactic acidosis in dogs
    • Arieff AI, Graf H. Pathophysiology of type A hypoxic lactic acidosis in dogs. Am J Physiol 253:E271–276, 1987.
    • (1987) Am J Physiol , vol.253 , pp. E271-276
    • Arieff, A.I.1    Graf, H.2
  • 64
    • 0023424611 scopus 로고
    • Effects of acid base disturbance, septic shock, and calcium and phosphorous abnormalities on cardiovascular function
    • Mehta PM, Kloner RA. Effects of acid base disturbance, septic shock, and calcium and phosphorous abnormalities on cardiovascular function. Crit Care Clinics 5:747–758, 1987.
    • (1987) Crit Care Clinics , vol.5 , pp. 747-758
    • Mehta, P.M.1    Kloner, R.A.2
  • 65
    • 0021630280 scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of reduction of action potential duration of ventricular myocardium by exogenous lactate
    • Saman S, Opie LH. Mechanisms of reduction of action potential duration of ventricular myocardium by exogenous lactate. J Mol Cell Cardiol 16:659–662, 1984.
    • (1984) J Mol Cell Cardiol , vol.16 , pp. 659-662
    • Saman, S.1    Opie, L.H.2
  • 66
    • 0025303027 scopus 로고
    • Septic shock in humans: Advances in the understanding of pathogenesis, cardiovascular dysfunction, and therapy
    • Parker MM, Natanson C, Suffredini AF, et al. Septic shock in humans: Advances in the understanding of pathogenesis, cardiovascular dysfunction, and therapy. Ann Intern Med 113:227–242, 1990.
    • (1990) Ann Intern Med , vol.113 , pp. 227-242
    • Parker, M.M.1    Natanson, C.2    Suffredini, A.F.3
  • 67
    • 0028522502 scopus 로고
    • Characterization of the hemodynamic and metabolic alterations in the large colon of horses during low-flow ischemia and reperfusion
    • Moore RM, Muir WW, Bertone AL, Beard WL. Characterization of the hemodynamic and metabolic alterations in the large colon of horses during low-flow ischemia and reperfusion. Am J Vet Res 55:1444–1453, 1994.
    • (1994) Am J Vet Res , vol.55 , pp. 1444-1453
    • Moore, R.M.1    Muir, W.W.2    Bertone, A.L.3    Beard, W.L.4
  • 70
    • 0028795851 scopus 로고
    • Relationship between blood lactate concentrations and ionized calcium, glucose, and acid-base status in critically-ill and noncritically ill patients
    • Aduen J, Bernstein WK, Miller J, et al. Relationship between blood lactate concentrations and ionized calcium, glucose, and acid-base status in critically-ill and noncritically ill patients. Crit Care Med 23:246–252, 1995.
    • (1995) Crit Care Med , vol.23 , pp. 246-252
    • Aduen, J.1    Bernstein, W.K.2    Miller, J.3
  • 71
    • 0023188261 scopus 로고
    • Relation of arterial blood lactate to oxygen delivery and hemodynamic variables in human shock states
    • Groeneveld AB, Kester ADM, Nauta Jos JP, Thijs LG. Relation of arterial blood lactate to oxygen delivery and hemodynamic variables in human shock states. Circ Shock 22:35–53, 1987.
    • (1987) Circ Shock , vol.22 , pp. 35-53
    • Groeneveld, A.B.1    Kester, A.D.M.2    Nauta Jos, J.P.3    Thijs, L.G.4
  • 73
    • 0025185106 scopus 로고
    • Lactate levels as predictors of the relationship between oxygen delivery and consumption in ARDS
    • Kruse JA, Haupt MT, Puri VK, Carlson RW. Lactate levels as predictors of the relationship between oxygen delivery and consumption in ARDS. Chest 98:959–962, 1990.
    • (1990) Chest , vol.98 , pp. 959-962
    • Kruse, J.A.1    Haupt, M.T.2    Puri, V.K.3    Carlson, R.W.4
  • 74
    • 0025110850 scopus 로고
    • Increased concentrations of plasma lactate predict pathologic dependence of oxygen consumption on oxygen delivery in patients with Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome
    • Fenwick JC, Dodek PM, Ronco JJ, et al. Increased concentrations of plasma lactate predict pathologic dependence of oxygen consumption on oxygen delivery in patients with Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome. J Crit Care 5:81–86, 1990.
    • (1990) J Crit Care , vol.5 , pp. 81-86
    • Fenwick, J.C.1    Dodek, P.M.2    Ronco, J.J.3
  • 75
    • 0025854099 scopus 로고
    • Oxygen transport in adult respiratory distress syndrome and other acute circulatory problems: Relationship of oxygen delivery and oxygen consumption
    • Weg JG. Oxygen transport in adult respiratory distress syndrome and other acute circulatory problems: Relationship of oxygen delivery and oxygen consumption. Crit Care Med 19:650–657, 1991.
    • (1991) Crit Care Med , vol.19 , pp. 650-657
    • Weg, J.G.1
  • 76
    • 0014296945 scopus 로고
    • Blood lactic acid levels in irreversible hemorrhagic and lethal endotoxin shock
    • Rosenberg JC, Rush BF. Blood lactic acid levels in irreversible hemorrhagic and lethal endotoxin shock. Surg Gynecol Obstet 126:1247–1250, 1968.
    • (1968) Surg Gynecol Obstet , vol.126 , pp. 1247-1250
    • Rosenberg, J.C.1    Rush, B.F.2
  • 77
    • 0025356582 scopus 로고
    • Oxygen uptake/supply dependency: Effects of short-term dobutamine infusion
    • Vincent J-L, Roman A, De Backer D, Kahn RT. Oxygen uptake/supply dependency: Effects of short-term dobutamine infusion. Am Rev Respir Dis 142:2–7, 1990.
    • (1990) Am Rev Respir Dis , vol.142 , pp. 2-7
    • Vincent, J.-L.1    Roman, A.2    De Backer, D.3    Kahn, R.T.4
  • 78
    • 0020094193 scopus 로고
    • Sequential perioperative lactate determination: Physiological and clinical implications
    • Waxman K, Nolan LS, Shoemaker WC. Sequential perioperative lactate determination: Physiological and clinical implications. Crit Care Med 10:96–99, 1982.
    • (1982) Crit Care Med , vol.10 , pp. 96-99
    • Waxman, K.1    Nolan, L.S.2    Shoemaker, W.C.3
  • 79
  • 80
    • 0021341554 scopus 로고
    • The relationship between oxygen delivery and consumption during fluid resuscitation of hypovolemic and septic shock
    • Kaufman BS, Rackow EC, Falk JL. The relationship between oxygen delivery and consumption during fluid resuscitation of hypovolemic and septic shock. Chest 85:336–340, 1984.
    • (1984) Chest , vol.85 , pp. 336-340
    • Kaufman, B.S.1    Rackow, E.C.2    Falk, J.L.3
  • 81
    • 0023875712 scopus 로고
    • Cellular oxygen metabolism during sepsis and shock: The relationship of oxygen consumption to oxygen delivery
    • Rackow EC, Astiz ME, Weil MH. Cellular oxygen metabolism during sepsis and shock: The relationship of oxygen consumption to oxygen delivery. JAMA 259:1989–1993, 1988.
    • (1988) JAMA , vol.259 , pp. 1989-1993
    • Rackow, E.C.1    Astiz, M.E.2    Weil, M.H.3
  • 82
    • 0014140089 scopus 로고
    • Patterns of septic shock in man - A detailed study of 56 patients
    • MacLean LD, Mulligan WG, McLean APH, Duff JH. Patterns of septic shock in man - A detailed study of 56 patients. Ann Surg 166:543–562, 1967.
    • (1967) Ann Surg , vol.166 , pp. 543-562
    • MacLean, L.D.1    Mulligan, W.G.2    McLean, A.P.H.3    Duff, J.H.4
  • 83
    • 0021954717 scopus 로고
    • Oxygen delivery in critically ill patients: Relationship to blood lactate and survival
    • Rashkin MC, Bosken C, Baughman RP. Oxygen delivery in critically ill patients: Relationship to blood lactate and survival. Chest 87:580–584, 1985.
    • (1985) Chest , vol.87 , pp. 580-584
    • Rashkin, M.C.1    Bosken, C.2    Baughman, R.P.3
  • 84
    • 0001460268 scopus 로고
    • Excess lactate: An index of reversibility of shock in human patients
    • Broder G, Weil MH. Excess lactate: An index of reversibility of shock in human patients. Science 143:1457–1459, 1964.
    • (1964) Science , vol.143 , pp. 1457-1459
    • Broder, G.1    Weil, M.H.2
  • 85
    • 0343162155 scopus 로고
    • Lacticacidosis: A clinically significant aspect of shock
    • Peretz DI, McGregor M, Dosseter JB. Lacticacidosis: A clinically significant aspect of shock. Canad Med Ass J 90:673–675, 1964.
    • (1964) Canad Med Ass J , vol.90 , pp. 673-675
    • Peretz, D.I.1    McGregor, M.2    Dosseter, J.B.3
  • 86
    • 0014794257 scopus 로고
    • Experimental and clinical studies on lactate and pyruvate as indicators of the severity of acute circulatory failure (shock)
    • Weil MH, Afifi AA. Experimental and clinical studies on lactate and pyruvate as indicators of the severity of acute circulatory failure (shock). Circulation 41:989–1001, 1970.
    • (1970) Circulation , vol.41 , pp. 989-1001
    • Weil, M.H.1    Afifi, A.A.2
  • 87
    • 0019996994 scopus 로고
    • Blood lactate as a prognostic indicator of survival in patients with acute myocardial infarction
    • Henning RJ, Weil MH, Weiner F. Blood lactate as a prognostic indicator of survival in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Circ Shock 9:307–315, 1982.
    • (1982) Circ Shock , vol.9 , pp. 307-315
    • Henning, R.J.1    Weil, M.H.2    Weiner, F.3
  • 88
    • 0020593675 scopus 로고
    • Serial lactate determinations during circulatory shock
    • Vincent J-L, Dufaye P, Berre J, et al. Serial lactate determinations during circulatory shock. Crit Care Med 11:449–451, 1983.
    • (1983) Crit Care Med , vol.11 , pp. 449-451
    • Vincent, J.-L.1    Dufaye, P.2    Berre, J.3
  • 89
    • 0021590823 scopus 로고
    • The relative prognostic value of lactate and haemodynamic measurements in early shock
    • Cowan BN, Burns HJG, Boyle P, Ledingham I McA. The relative prognostic value of lactate and haemodynamic measurements in early shock. Anesthesia 39:750–755, 1984.
    • (1984) Anesthesia , vol.39 , pp. 750-755
    • Cowan, B.N.1    Burns, H.J.G.2    Boyle, P.3    Ledingham, I.M.4
  • 90
    • 0022173579 scopus 로고
    • Delayed lactate clearance in patients surviving circulatory shock
    • Falk JL, Rackow EC, Leavy J, et al. Delayed lactate clearance in patients surviving circulatory shock. Acute Care 11:212–215, 1985.
    • (1985) Acute Care , vol.11 , pp. 212-215
    • Falk, J.L.1    Rackow, E.C.2    Leavy, J.3
  • 92
    • 0020616804 scopus 로고
    • Critical level of oxygen delivery in anesthetized man
    • Shibutani K, Komatsu T, Kubal K, et al. Critical level of oxygen delivery in anesthetized man. Crit Care Med 11:640–643, 1983.
    • (1983) Crit Care Med , vol.11 , pp. 640-643
    • Shibutani, K.1    Komatsu, T.2    Kubal, K.3
  • 93
    • 0022004237 scopus 로고
    • Hemodynamic and oxygen transport patterns in surviving and nonsurviving postoperative patients
    • Bland RD, Shoemaker WC, Abraham E, Cobo JC. Hemodynamic and oxygen transport patterns in surviving and nonsurviving postoperative patients. Crit Care Med 13:85–90, 1985.
    • (1985) Crit Care Med , vol.13 , pp. 85-90
    • Bland, R.D.1    Shoemaker, W.C.2    Abraham, E.3    Cobo, J.C.4
  • 94
    • 0027549811 scopus 로고
    • Hemodynamic and oxygen transport monitoring to titrate therapy in septic shock
    • Shoemaker WC, Appel PL, Kram HB, et al. Hemodynamic and oxygen transport monitoring to titrate therapy in septic shock. New Horizons 1:145–159, 1993.
    • (1993) New Horizons , vol.1 , pp. 145-159
    • Shoemaker, W.C.1    Appel, P.L.2    Kram, H.B.3
  • 95
    • 0023946757 scopus 로고
    • Relationship of oxygen delivery and mixed venous oxygenation to lactic acidosis in patients with sepsis and acute myocardial infarction
    • Astiz ME, Rackow EC, Kaufman B, et al. Relationship of oxygen delivery and mixed venous oxygenation to lactic acidosis in patients with sepsis and acute myocardial infarction. Crit Care Med 16:655–658, 1988.
    • (1988) Crit Care Med , vol.16 , pp. 655-658
    • Astiz, M.E.1    Rackow, E.C.2    Kaufman, B.3
  • 96
    • 0025796872 scopus 로고
    • Oxygen consumption in sepsis and septic shock
    • Tuchschmidt J, Oblitas D, Fried JC Oxygen consumption in sepsis and septic shock. Crit Care Med 19:664–671, 1991.
    • (1991) Crit Care Med , vol.19 , pp. 664-671
    • Tuchschmidt, J.1    Oblitas, D.2    Fried, J.C.3
  • 97
    • 0023113442 scopus 로고
    • Critical level of oxygen delivery after cardiopulmonary bypass
    • Komatsu T, Shibutani K, Okamoto K, et al. Critical level of oxygen delivery after cardiopulmonary bypass. Crit Care Med 15:194–197, 1987.
    • (1987) Crit Care Med , vol.15 , pp. 194-197
    • Komatsu, T.1    Shibutani, K.2    Okamoto, K.3
  • 98
    • 0004290254 scopus 로고
    • Philadelphia, Lea and Febiger
    • Marino PL. The ICU Book. Philadelphia, Lea and Febiger, 1991, pp 131–141.
    • (1991) The ICU Book , pp. 131-141
    • Marino, P.L.1
  • 99
    • 0021813725 scopus 로고
    • Fluid loading increases oxygen consumption in septic patients with lactic acidosis
    • Haupt MT, Gilbert EM, Carlson RW. Fluid loading increases oxygen consumption in septic patients with lactic acidosis. Am Rev Respir Dis 131:912–916, 1985.
    • (1985) Am Rev Respir Dis , vol.131 , pp. 912-916
    • Haupt, M.T.1    Gilbert, E.M.2    Carlson, R.W.3
  • 100
    • 0023005784 scopus 로고
    • The effect of fluid loading, blood transfusion, and catecholamine infusion on oxygen delivery and consumption in patients with sepsis
    • Gilbert EM, Haupt MT, Mandanas RY, et al. The effect of fluid loading, blood transfusion, and catecholamine infusion on oxygen delivery and consumption in patients with sepsis. Am Rev Respir Dis 134:873–878, 1986.
    • (1986) Am Rev Respir Dis , vol.134 , pp. 873-878
    • Gilbert, E.M.1    Haupt, M.T.2    Mandanas, R.Y.3
  • 101
    • 0026047387 scopus 로고
    • Blood lactate and mixed venous-arterial PC02 gradient as indices of poor peripheral perfusion following cardiopulmonary bypass surgery
    • Ariza M, Gothard JWW, Macnaughton P, et al. Blood lactate and mixed venous-arterial PC02 gradient as indices of poor peripheral perfusion following cardiopulmonary bypass surgery. Intensive Care Med 17:320–324, 1991.
    • (1991) Intensive Care Med , vol.17 , pp. 320-324
    • Ariza, M.1    Gothard, J.W.W.2    Macnaughton, P.3
  • 102
    • 0015009167 scopus 로고
    • Blood lactate in the prognosis of various forms of shock
    • Vitek V, Cowley RA. Blood lactate in the prognosis of various forms of shock. Ann Surg 173:308–313, 1971.
    • (1971) Ann Surg , vol.173 , pp. 308-313
    • Vitek, V.1    Cowley, R.A.2
  • 103
    • 0023607880 scopus 로고
    • Serial cardiovascular variables in survivors and nonsurvivors of human septic shock: Heart rate as an early predictor of prognosis
    • Parker MM, SheIhamer JH, Natanson C, et al. Serial cardiovascular variables in survivors and nonsurvivors of human septic shock: Heart rate as an early predictor of prognosis. Crit Care Med 15:923–929, 1987.
    • (1987) Crit Care Med , vol.15 , pp. 923-929
    • Parker, M.M.1    SheIhamer, J.H.2    Natanson, C.3
  • 104
    • 0025735897 scopus 로고
    • Blood lactate levels are superior to oxy gen-derived variables in predicting outcome in human septic shock
    • Bakker J, et al. Blood lactate levels are superior to oxy gen-derived variables in predicting outcome in human septic shock. Chest 99:956–962, 1991.
    • (1991) Chest , vol.99 , pp. 956-962
    • Bakker, J.1
  • 105
    • 0347595843 scopus 로고
    • Serial blood lactate levels can predict multiple organ failure (MOF) in septic shock patients
    • Bakker J, Leon M, Coffernils M, et al. Serial blood lactate levels can predict multiple organ failure (MOF) in septic shock patients. Crit Care Med 20:S56, 1992.
    • (1992) Crit Care Med , vol.20 , pp. S56
    • Bakker, J.1    Leon, M.2    Coffernils, M.3
  • 106
    • 0030024779 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serial blood lactate levels can predict the development of multiple organ failure following septic shock
    • Bakker J, Gris P, Coffernils M, et al. Serial blood lactate levels can predict the development of multiple organ failure following septic shock. Am J Surg 171:221–226, 1996.
    • (1996) Am J Surg , vol.171 , pp. 221-226
    • Bakker, J.1    Gris, P.2    Coffernils, M.3
  • 108
    • 0027485984 scopus 로고
    • Scoring systems and blood lactate concentrations in relation to the development of Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome and multiple organ failure in severely traumatized patients
    • Roumen RMH, Redl H, Schlag G, et al. Scoring systems and blood lactate concentrations in relation to the development of Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome and multiple organ failure in severely traumatized patients. J Trauma 35:349–355, 1993.
    • (1993) J Trauma , vol.35 , pp. 349-355
    • Roumen, R.M.H.1    Redl, H.2    Schlag, G.3
  • 109
    • 0027453585 scopus 로고
    • Lactate clearance and survivaI following injury
    • Abramson D, Scalea TM, Hitchcock R, et al. Lactate clearance and survivaI following injury. J Trauma 35:584–588, 1993.
    • (1993) J Trauma , vol.35 , pp. 584-588
    • Abramson, D.1    Scalea, T.M.2    Hitchcock, R.3
  • 110
    • 0028139391 scopus 로고
    • Plasma lactate concentration as a predictor of death in neonates with severe hypoxemia requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
    • Cheung P-Y, Finer WW. Plasma lactate concentration as a predictor of death in neonates with severe hypoxemia requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. J Pediatr 125:763–768, 1994.
    • (1994) J Pediatr , vol.125 , pp. 763-768
    • Cheung, P.-Y.1    Finer, W.W.2
  • 111
    • 0029042286 scopus 로고
    • Interpretation of blood lactate measurements in pediatric open-heart surgery and in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
    • Toffaletti J, Hansell D. Interpretation of blood lactate measurements in pediatric open-heart surgery and in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 55:301–307, 1995.
    • (1995) Scand J Clin Lab Invest , vol.55 , pp. 301-307
    • Toffaletti, J.1    Hansell, D.2
  • 112
    • 0029072748 scopus 로고
    • Combined measurements of blood lactate concentrations and gastric intramucosal pH in patients with severe sepsis
    • Friedman G, Berlot G, Kahn RJ, Vincent J-L. Combined measurements of blood lactate concentrations and gastric intramucosal pH in patients with severe sepsis. Crit Care Med 23:1184–1193, 1995.
    • (1995) Crit Care Med , vol.23 , pp. 1184-1193
    • Friedman, G.1    Berlot, G.2    Kahn, R.J.3    Vincent, J.-L.4
  • 113
    • 0000687471 scopus 로고
    • The relationship between anion gap and elevated lactate
    • Mehta K, Kruse JA, Carlson RW. The relationship between anion gap and elevated lactate. Crit Care Med 14:405, 1986.
    • (1986) Crit Care Med , vol.14 , pp. 405
    • Mehta, K.1    Kruse, J.A.2    Carlson, R.W.3
  • 114
    • 0023061172 scopus 로고
    • Correlation between anion gap, blood L lactate concentration and survival in horses
    • Gossett KA, Cleghorn B, Martin GS. Correlation between anion gap, blood L lactate concentration and survival in horses, Equine Vet J 19:29–30, 1987.
    • (1987) Equine Vet J , vol.19 , pp. 29-30
    • Gossett, K.A.1    Cleghorn, B.2    Martin, G.S.3
  • 115
    • 0023062006 scopus 로고
    • Contribution of whole blood L-lactate, pyruvate, D-lactate, acetoacetate, and 3-hydroxybutyrate concentrations to the plasma anion gap in horses with intestinal disorders
    • Gossett KA, Cleghorn B, Adams R, et al. Contribution of whole blood L-lactate, pyruvate, D-lactate, acetoacetate, and 3-hydroxybutyrate concentrations to the plasma anion gap in horses with intestinal disorders. Am J Vet Res 48:72–75, 1987.
    • (1987) Am J Vet Res , vol.48 , pp. 72-75
    • Gossett, K.A.1    Cleghorn, B.2    Adams, R.3
  • 116
    • 0025264323 scopus 로고
    • Low sensitivity of the anion gap as a screen to detect hyperlactatemia in critically ill patients
    • Iberti TJ, Leibowitz AB, Papadakos PJ, Fischer EP. Low sensitivity of the anion gap as a screen to detect hyperlactatemia in critically ill patients. Crit Care Med 18:275–277, 1990.
    • (1990) Crit Care Med , vol.18 , pp. 275-277
    • Iberti, T.J.1    Leibowitz, A.B.2    Papadakos, P.J.3    Fischer, E.P.4
  • 117
    • 0026530884 scopus 로고
    • Alterations in anion gap following cardiopulmonary bypass
    • Ernest D, Herkes RG, Raper RF. Alterations in anion gap following cardiopulmonary bypass. Crit Care Med 20:52–56, 1992.
    • (1992) Crit Care Med , vol.20 , pp. 52-56
    • Ernest, D.1    Herkes, R.G.2    Raper, R.F.3
  • 118
    • 0029263610 scopus 로고
    • Large colon impaction in horses: 147 cases (1985–1991)
    • Dabareiner RM, White NA. Large colon impaction in horses: 147 cases (1985–1991). JAVMA 206:679–685, 1995.
    • (1995) JAVMA , vol.206 , pp. 679-685
    • Dabareiner, R.M.1    White, N.A.2
  • 119
    • 0023462359 scopus 로고
    • Use of clinical pathology in evaluation of horses with colic
    • Parry BW. Use of clinical pathology in evaluation of horses with colic. Vet Clin North Am: Equine Pract 3:529–542, 1987.
    • (1987) Vet Clin North Am: Equine Pract , vol.3 , pp. 529-542
    • Parry, B.W.1
  • 120
    • 0029270616 scopus 로고
    • Development of a colic severity score for predicting the outcome of equine colic
    • Furr MO, Lessard P, White II NA. Development of a colic severity score for predicting the outcome of equine colic. Vet Surg 24:97–101, 1995.
    • (1995) Vet Surg , vol.24 , pp. 97-101
    • Furr, M.O.1    Lessard, P.2    White, I.I.N.A.3
  • 121
    • 0024115267 scopus 로고
    • Prognostic index for acute abdominal crisis (colic) in horses
    • Orsini JA, EIser AH, Galligan DT, et al. Prognostic index for acute abdominal crisis (colic) in horses. Am J Vet Res 49:1969–1971, 1988.
    • (1988) Am J Vet Res , vol.49 , pp. 1969-1971
    • Orsini, J.A.1    Eiser, A.H.2    Galligan, D.T.3
  • 122
    • 0028944872 scopus 로고
    • Detection of tissue hypoxia by arteriovenous gradient for PC02 and pH in anesthetized dogs during progressive hemorrhage
    • Van der Linden P, Rausin I, Deltell A, et al. Detection of tissue hypoxia by arteriovenous gradient for PC02 and pH in anesthetized dogs during progressive hemorrhage. Anesth Analg 80:269–275, 1995.
    • (1995) Anesth Analg , vol.80 , pp. 269-275
    • Van der Linden, P.1    Rausin, I.2    Deltell, A.3
  • 123
    • 0026092412 scopus 로고
    • Splanchnic oxygen consumption in septic and hemorrhagic shock
    • Arvidsson D, Rasmussen I, Almqvist P, et al. Splanchnic oxygen consumption in septic and hemorrhagic shock. Surgery 109:190–197, 1991.
    • (1991) Surgery , vol.109 , pp. 190-197
    • Arvidsson, D.1    Rasmussen, I.2    Almqvist, P.3
  • 124
    • 0028857823 scopus 로고
    • Monitoring of tissue oxygenation in shock: An experimental study in pigs
    • Schlichting E, Lyberg T. Monitoring of tissue oxygenation in shock: An experimental study in pigs. Crit Care Med 23:1703–1710, 1995.
    • (1995) Crit Care Med , vol.23 , pp. 1703-1710
    • Schlichting, E.1    Lyberg, T.2
  • 125
    • 0026531497 scopus 로고
    • Regional and systemic oxygen delivery/uptake relations and lactate flux in hyperdynamic, endotoxin-treated dogs
    • Curtis SE, Cain SM. Regional and systemic oxygen delivery/uptake relations and lactate flux in hyperdynamic, endotoxin-treated dogs. Am Rev Respir Dis 145:348–354, 1992.
    • (1992) Am Rev Respir Dis , vol.145 , pp. 348-354
    • Curtis, S.E.1    Cain, S.M.2
  • 126
    • 0027450448 scopus 로고
    • Potentiation of decreased pyruvate dehydrogenase activity by inflammatory stimuli in sepsis
    • Vary TC, Martin LF. Potentiation of decreased pyruvate dehydrogenase activity by inflammatory stimuli in sepsis. Circ Shock 39:299–305, 1993.
    • (1993) Circ Shock , vol.39 , pp. 299-305
    • Vary, T.C.1    Martin, L.F.2
  • 127
    • 0026476004 scopus 로고
    • Systemic and regional oxygen uptake and lactate flux in endotoxic dogs resuscitated with dextran and dopexamine or dextran alone
    • Cain SM. Curtis SE. Systemic and regional oxygen uptake and lactate flux in endotoxic dogs resuscitated with dextran and dopexamine or dextran alone. Circ Shock 38:173–181, 1992.
    • (1992) Circ Shock , vol.38 , pp. 173-181
    • Cain, S.M.1    Curtis, S.E.2
  • 128
    • 0027440621 scopus 로고
    • Prognostic value of the dobutamine test in patients with sepsis syndrome and normal lactate levels: A prospective, multicenter study
    • Vallet B, Chopin C, Curtis SE, et al. Prognostic value of the dobutamine test in patients with sepsis syndrome and normal lactate levels: A prospective, multicenter study. Crit Care Med 21:1868–1875, 1993.
    • (1993) Crit Care Med , vol.21 , pp. 1868-1875
    • Vallet, B.1    Chopin, C.2    Curtis, S.E.3
  • 129
    • 0029032844 scopus 로고
    • Effect of epinephrine on oxygen consumption and delivery during progressive hemorrhage
    • Revelly J-P, Gardaz J-P, Nussberger J, et al. Effect of epinephrine on oxygen consumption and delivery during progressive hemorrhage. Crit Care Med 23:1272–1278, 1995.
    • (1995) Crit Care Med , vol.23 , pp. 1272-1278
    • Revelly, J.-P.1    Gardaz, J.-P.2    Nussberger, J.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.