Risk assessment of triclosan [Irgasan®] in human breast milk

Food and Chemical Toxicology

Volumn 45, Issue 1, 2007, Pages 125-129

  Dayan, A D ^a  

^a NONE   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Breast milk; Exposure; Humans; Infants; Risk assessment; Triclosan

Indexed keywords

IRGASAN; TRICLOSAN;

ARTICLE; BREAST MILK; CALCULATION; FETOTOXICITY; FETUS DEVELOPMENT; FOOD CONTAMINATION; HUMAN; NONHUMAN; PRENATAL EXPOSURE; REPRODUCTIVE TOXICITY; RISK ASSESSMENT; SEXUAL MATURITY; TOXICITY TESTING; WEANING;

ANIMALS; ANTI-INFECTIVE AGENTS, LOCAL; FEMALE; FOOD CONTAMINATION; HUMANS; INFANT; INFANT, NEWBORN; MILK, HUMAN; NO-OBSERVED-ADVERSE-EFFECT LEVEL; RATS; RISK ASSESSMENT; TRICLOSAN;

ANIMALIA;

EID: 33751313042     PISSN: 02786915     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2006.08.009     Document Type: Article

References (30)

1. Adolfsson-Erici M., Pettersson M., Parkonnen J., and Sturve J. Triclosan, a commonly used bactericide, found in human milk and in the aquatic environment in Sweden. Chemosphere 46 (2002) 1485-1489
2. Arcus-Garth A., Krowech G., and Zeise L. Breast milk and lipid intake distributions for assessing cumulative exposure and risk. J. Exposure Anal. Environ. Epidemiol. 15 (2005) 357-365
3. Bagley D.M., and Lin Y.J. Clinical evidence for the lack of triclosan accumulation from daily use in dentifrices. Am. J. Dent. 13 (2000) 148-152
4. Barbolt T.A. Chemistry and safety of triclosan, and its use as an antimicrobial coating on VICRYL plus bacterial suture (Coated polyglactan 910 suture with triclosan). Surg. Infect. 3 Suppl. 1 (2002) S45-S53
5. Bhargava H.N., and Leonard P.A. Triclosan: applications and safety. Am. J. Infect. Cont. 24 (1996) 209-218
6. Black J.G., and Howes D. Percutaneous absorption of triclosan from toilet preparations. J. Soc. Cosmet. Chem. 26 (1975) 205-215
7. Black J.G., Howes D., and Rutherford T. Percutaneous absorption and metabolism of Irgasan DP300. Toxicology 3 (1975) 33-47
8. Butte N.F., Garza C., Smith E.O., and Nichols B.L. Human milk intakes and growth in exclusively breast-fed infants. J. Pediat. 104 (1984) 187-195
9. Butte N.F., Lopez-Alarcon M.G., and Garza C. Nutrient Adequacy of Exclusive Breast Feeding for the Term Infant during the First Six Months of Life (2002), WHO, Geneva pp. 1-49
10. Da Salva S.J., King B.M., and Lin Y.-J. Triclosan: a safety profile. Am. J. Dent. 2 (1989) 185-196
11. Foran C., Bennett E.R., and Benson W.H. Developmental evaluation of a potent non-steroidal oestrogen: triclosan. Marine Environ. Res. 50 (2000) 153-156
12. Gilbert P., and McBain A.J. Literature-based evaluation of the potential risks of impregnation of medical devices and implants with triclosan. Sur. Infect. 3 Suppl 1 (2002) S55-S63
13. HSDB (Hazardous Substances Data Bank), 2006. http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov; accessed 1st February 2006.
14. Herrman J.L., and Younes M. Background to the ADI/TDI/PTWI. Regul. Toxicol. Pharmaco. 30 (1999) 109-113
15. ILSI Europe. Applicability of the Acceptable daily Intake to Infants and Children. ILSI Europe (1998), Taylor and Francis, London pp. 1-75
16. Ishibashi H., Matsumura N., Hirano M., Matsuoka M., Shiratsuch I., Ishibashi Y., Takao Y., and Arizona K. Effect of triclosan on the early life stages and reproduction of medaka Oryzia latipes and induction of hepatic vitellogenin. Aquatic Toxicol. 67 (2004) 167-179
17. Ito S., and Lee A. Drug excretion into breast milk - overview. Adv. Drug. Deliv. Rev. 55 (2003) 617-627
18. Jones R.D., Jampani H.S., Newman H.L., and Lee A.S. Triclosan: A review of effectiveness and safety in health care settings. Am. J. Infect. Cont. 28 (2000) 184-196
19. Kanetoshi A., Ogawa H., Katsura E., Okui T., and Kaneshima H. Disposition and excretion of Irgasan DP300 and its chlorinated derivatives in mice. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 17 (1988) 637-644
20. Moss T., Howes D., and Williams F.Mm. Percutaneous penetration and dermal metabolism of triclosan (2,4,4'-trichloro-2'-hydroxydiphenylether). Food Chem. Toxicol. 38 (2000) 361-370
21. National Academy of Sciences. Evaluating Chemical and Other Agent Exposures for Reproductive and Developmental Toxicity (2001), National Academy Press, Washington DC pp. 1-343
22. Ostrea E.M., Manbaring J.B., and Silvestre M.A. Drugs that affect the fetus and newborn infant via the placenta or breast milk. Ped. Clin. N. Amer. 51 (2004) 533-580
23. Renwick A.G. Toxicokinetics in infants and children in relation to the ADI and TDI. Food Addit. Contamin. 15 Suppl. (1998) 17-35
24. Renwick A.G., and Lazarus N.R. Human variability and noncancer risk assessment-an analysis of the default uncertainty factor. Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 27 (1998) 3-20
25. Renwick A.G., Barlow S.M., Hertz-Picciotto I., Boobis A.R., Dybing E., Edler L., Eisenbrand G., Greig J.B., Kleiner J., et al. Risk characterization of chemicals in food and diet. Food Chem. Toxicol. 41 (2003) 1211-1271
26. Siddiqui W.H., and Buttar H.S. Pharmacokinetics of triclosan in the rat after intravenous and intravaginal administration. J. Environ. Pathol. Toxicol. 2 (1979) 861-871
27. Sim M.R., and McNeil J.J. Monitoring chemical exposure using breast milk. Am. J. Epidemiol. 136 (1992) 1-11
28. Tulp M.T., Sundstrom G., Martron L.B., and Hutzinger O. Metabolism of chlorodiphenyl ethers and Irgasan DP300. Xenobiotica 9 (1979) 65-77
29. US EPA, 1997. Exposure Factors Handbook. Vol II. Food Ingestion Factors. EPA/600/P-002Fb. US Government Printing Office, Washington DC, pp. 14-1-14-15.
30. WHO. Environmental Health Criteria 210. Principles for Assessment of Risk to Human Health from Exposure to Chemicals (1999), WHO, Geneva pp. 1-298