The significance of silence: Differences in meaning, learning styles, and teaching strategies in cross-cultural settings

Psychologia

Volumn 49, Issue 2, 2006, Pages 74-88

  Wilkinson, Lois ^a   Olliver Gray, Yumiko ^a,b  

^a MASSEY UNIVERSITY   (New Zealand)

^b Ministry of Social Development   (New Zealand)

Author keywords

Chinese university students; Class participation; International students; Learning support; Silence

Indexed keywords

EID: 33751280704     PISSN: 00332852     EISSN: 13475916     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2117/psysoc.2006.74     Document Type: Article

References (20)

1. Ballard, B., & Clanchy, J. 1991. Teaching students from overseas. Melbourne: Longman Cheshire.
2. Beaver, B., & Bhat, R. 2002. Asian learners in a multi-cultural classroom: Perceptions of self efficacy and strategies for assistance. New Zealand Applied Business Journal, 1, 13-20.
3. Berryman, J. W. 1999. Silence is stranger than it used to be: Teaching silence and the future of humankind (Existential meaning in nonverbal religious expression and creativity). Religious Education, 94, 257-272.
4. Durkin, K. 2003. Challenges Chinese students face in adapting to academic expectations and teaching/ learning styles of UK masters courses and how cross cultural understanding and adequate support might aid them to adapt. (Report for the British Council). Bournemouth, UK: Bournemouth University, Centre for Academic Practice.
5. Hu, Y., & Fell-Eisentkraft, S. 2003. Immigrant Chinese students' use of silence in the language arts classroom: Perceptions, reflections and actions. Teaching and Learning, 17, 55-65.
6. Jackson, J. 2002. Reticence in second language case discussions: Anxiety and aspirations. System, 30, 65-84.
7. Kim, H. S. 2002. We talk, therefore we think? A cultural analysis of the effect of talking on thinking. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 83, 828-842.
8. Li, M. 2004. Culture and classroom communication: A case study of Asian students in New Zealand language schools. Asian EFL Journal, 6 [Electronic version] Retrieved May 25, 2004, from http://www.asian-efl-journal.com
9. Li, M., Baker, T., & Marshall, K. 2002. Mismatched expectations: A case study of Asian students in New Zealand. New Zealand Applied Business Journal, 1, 137-155.
10. Liu, J. 2002. Negotiating silence in American classrooms: Three Chinese cases. Language and Intercultural Communication, 2, 37-54.
11. Liu, N-F., & Littlewood, W. 1997. Why do many students appear reluctant to participate in classroom learning discourse? System, 25, 371-384.
12. McCallum, A. 2004. Best practice teaching strategies for international students. Retrieved October 28, 2005 from http://www.education.org.nz/eeidf/ reports/A1.8.pdf
13. McGrath, T., & Butcher, A. 2003, August. Worthwhile welfare: Pastoral care as a key to sustainability in New Zealand's export education industry. Paper presented at the Education New Zealand Conference, Wellington, New Zealand.
14. Sobkowiak, W. 1997. Silence and the markedness theory. In A. Jawarski (Ed.), Silence: Interdisciplinary perspectives (pp. 39-61). Berlin: Mouton de Gruyer.
15. Tompson, H. B., & Tompson, G. H. 1996. Confronting diversity issues in the classroom with strategies to improve satisfaction and retention of international students. Journal of Education for Business, 72, 53-57.
16. Ward, C. 2001. The impact of international students on domestic students and host institutions. Wellington, NZ: Ministry of Education.
17. Watkins, D., & Biggs, J. B. (Eds.). 1996. The Chinese learner: Cultural, psychological and contextual influences. Melbourne: Australian Council for Educational Research.
18. Wilkinson, L., & Kavan, H. 2003. Dialogue with dragons: Assisting Chinese students' academic achievement. In V. Young & M. Brown (Eds.), Association of Tertiary Learning Advisers of Aotearoa New Zealand (ATLAANZ) Incorporated proceedings: Vol. 8. Learning talk (pp. 119-131). Hamilton, NZ: ATLAANZ.
19. Yancy, K. B., & Spooner, M. 1994. Concluding the text: Notes toward a theory and practice of the voice. In K. B. Yancy (Ed.), Voices on voice: Perspectives, defintions, inquiry (pp. 298-314). Urbana, IL: NCTE.
20. Zembylas, M., & Michaelides, P. 2004. The sound of silence in pedagogy. Educational Theory, 54, 193-210.