Antifungal prophylaxis in haematology patients

Clinical Microbiology and Infection

Volumn 12, Issue SUPPL. 7, 2006, Pages 65-76

  de La Camara R ^a  

^a HOSPITAL UNIVERSITARIO DE LA PRINCESA   (Spain)

Author keywords

Acute leukaemia; Antifungal chemoprophylaxis; Aspergillus; Candida; Invasive fungal infection; Myelosuppressive chemotherapy; Neutropenia; Stem cell transplantation

Indexed keywords

AMPHOTERICIN B; AMPHOTERICIN B CHOLESTEROL SULFATE; AMPHOTERICIN B LIPID COMPLEX; ANTIFUNGAL AGENT; CASPOFUNGIN; CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE; ECHINOCANDIN; FLUCONAZOLE; ITRACONAZOLE; MICAFUNGIN; NEW DRUG; PLACEBO; POSACONAZOLE; TRIAZOLE DERIVATIVE; VORICONAZOLE;

ALLOGENEIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION; ASPERGILLUS; CANCER CHEMOTHERAPY; CANCER PATIENT; CANDIDIASIS; CAUSE OF DEATH; CHEMOPROPHYLAXIS; CLINICAL PRACTICE; CLINICAL TRIAL; DRUG CAPSULE; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG MEGADOSE; DRUG SAFETY; DRUG USE; HEMATOLOGIC MALIGNANCY; HUMAN; INFECTION PREVENTION; LIVER TOXICITY; LOW DRUG DOSE; MORBIDITY; MORTALITY; MYCOSIS; NEPHROTOXICITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; UNSPECIFIED SIDE EFFECT;

ASPERGILLUS; CANDIDA;

EID: 33751026760     PISSN: 1198743X     EISSN: 14690691     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2006.01607.x     Document Type: Review

References (80)

1. Roden MM, Zaoutis TE, Buchanan WL et al. Epidemiology and outcome of zygomycosis: A review of 929 reported cases. Clin Infect Dis 2005; 41: 634-653.
2. Denning DW. Antifungal and surgical treatment of invasive aspergillosis: review of 2121 published cases. Rev Infect Dis 1997; 12: 1147-1201.
3. Lin S, Schranz J, Teutsch S. Aspergillosis case-fatality rate: systematic review of the literature. Clin Infect Dis 2001; 32: 358-366.
4. Young RC, Bennett JE, Vogel CL, Carbone PP, Devita VT. Aspergillosis. The spectrum of the disease in 98 patients. Medicine (Baltimore) 1970; 49: 147-173.
5. Groll AH, Shah PM, Mentzel C, Schneider M, Just-Nuebling G, Huebner K. Trends in the postmortem epidemiology of invasive fungal infections at a university hospital. J Infect 1996; 33: 23-32.
6. Herbrecht R, Denning DW, Patterson TF et al. Voriconazole versus amphotericin B for primary therapy of invasive aspergillosis. N Engl J Med 2002; 347: 408-415.
7. Pizzo PA, Robichaud KJ, Gill FA, Witebsky FG. Empiric antibiotic and antifungal therapy for cancer patients with prolonged fever and granulocytopenia. Am J Med 1982; 72: 101-111.
8. Hughes WT, Armstrong D, Bodey GP et al. 2002 guidelines for the use of antimicrobial agents in neutropenic patients with cancer. Clin Infect Dis 2002; 34: 730-751.
9. Maertens JA. History of the development of azole derivatives. Clin Microbiol Infect 2004; 10 (suppl 1): 1-10.
10. Gotzsche PC, Johansen HK. Nystatin prophylaxis and treatment in severely immunodepressed patients. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2002; 2: CD002033.
11. Cornely OA, Ullmann AJ, Karthaus M. Evidence-based assessment of primary antifungal prophylaxis in patients with hematologic malignancies. Blood 2003; 101: 3365-3372.
12. Hamza NS, Ghannoum MA, Lazarus HM. Choices aplenty: Antifungal prophylaxis in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. Bone Marrow Transplant 2004; 34: 377-389.
13. Guidelines for preventing opportunistic infections among hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. Recommendations of CDC, the Infectious Disease Society of America, and the American Society of Blood and Marrow Transplantation. MMWR 2000; 49 (RR-10): 1-125.
14. Prentice HG, Kibbler CC, Prentice AG. Towards a targeted, risk-based, antifungal strategy in neutropenic patients. Br J Haematol 2000; 110: 273-284.
15. Mclintock LA, Jordanides NE, Allan EK et al. The use of a risk group stratification in the management of invasive fungal infection: A prospective validation. Br J Haematol 2004; 124: 403-404.
16. Kauffman CA. Zygomycosis: Reemergence of an old pathogen. Clin Infect Dis 2004; 39: 588-590.
17. Garbino J, Kolarova L, Rohner P, Lew D, Pichna P, Pittet D. Secular trends of candidemia over 12 years in adult patients at a tertiary care hospital. Medicine (Baltimore) 2002; 81: 425-433.
18. Abi-Said D, Anaissie E, Uzun O, Raad I, Pinzcowski H, Vartivarian S. The epidemiology of hematogenous candidiasis caused by different Candida species. Clin Infect Dis 1997; 24: 1122-1128.
19. Hope W, Morton A, Eisen DP. Increase in prevalence of nosocomial non - Candida albicans candidaemia and the association of Candida krusei with fluconazole use. J Hosp Infect 2002; 50: 56-65.
20. Bodey GP, Mardani M, Hanna HA et al. The epidemiology of Candida glabrata and Candida albicans fungemia in immunocompromised patients with cancer. Am J Med 2002; 112: 380-385.
21. Kontoyiannis DP, Lionakis MS, Lewis RE et al. Zygomycosis in a tertiary-care cancer center in the era of Aspergillus-active antifungal therapy: A case-control observational study of 27 recent cases. J Infect Dis 2005; 191: 1350-1359.
22. Kruger WH, Bohlius J, Cornely OA et al. Antimicrobial prophylaxis in allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Guidelines of the infectious diseases Working Party (AGIHO) of the German society of haematology and oncology. Ann Oncol 2005; 16: 1381-1390.
23. Kanda Y, Yamamoto R, Chizuka A et al. Prophylactic action of oral fluconazole against fungal infection in neutropenic patients. A meta-analysis of 16 randomized, controlled trials. Cancer 2000; 89: 1611-1625.
24. Macmillan ML, Goodman JL, Defor TE, Weisdorf DJ. Fluconazole to prevent yeast infections in bone marrow transplantation patients: A randomized trial of high versus reduced dose, and determination of the value of maintenance therapy. Am J Med 2002; 112: 369-379.
25. Glasmacher A, Prentice A, Gorschluter M et al. Itraconazole prevents invasive fungal infections in neutropenic patients treated for hematologic malignancies: Evidence from a meta-analysis of 3,597 patients. J Clin Oncol 2003; 21: 4615-4626.
26. Prentice AG, Glasmacher A. Making sense of itraconazole pharmacokinetics. J Antimicrob Chemother 2005; 56 (suppl 1): I17-i22.
27. Kulemann V, Bauer M, Graninger W, Joukhadar C. Safety and potential of drug interactions of caspofungin and voriconazole in multimorbid patients. Pharmacology 2005; 75: 165-178.
28. Glasmacher A, Prentice AG. Evidence-based review of antifungal prophylaxis in neutropenic patients with haematological malignancies. J Antimicrob Chemother 2005; 56 (suppl 1): I23-i32.
29. Fischer MA, Winkelmayer WC, Rubin RH, Avorn J. The hepatotoxicity of antifungal medications in bone marrow transplant recipients. Clin Infect Dis 2005; 41: 301-307.
30. Marr KA, Crippa F, Leisenring W et al. Itraconazole versus fluconazole for prevention of fungal infections in patients receiving allogeneic stem cell transplants. Blood 2004; 103: 1527-1533.
31. Marr KA, Leisenring W, Crippa F et al. Cyclophosphamide metabolism is affected by azole antifungals. Blood 2004; 103: 1557-1559.
32. Buggia I, Zecca M, Alessandrino EP et al. Itraconazole can increase systemic exposure to busulfan in patients given bone marrow transplantation. GITMO (Gruppo Italiano Trapianto Midollo Osseo). Anticancer Res 1996; 16: 2083-2088.
33. Yule SM, Walker D, Cole M et al. The effect of fluconazole on cyclophosphamide metabolism in children. Drug Metab Dispos 1999; 27: 417-421.
34. Yamazaki T, Kume H, Murase S, Yamashita E, Arisawa M. Epidemiology of visceral mycoses: Analysis of data in annual of the pathological autopsy cases in Japan. J Clin Microbiol 1999; 37: 1732-1738.
35. Mcneil MM, Nash SL, Hajjeh RA et al. Trends in mortality due to invasive mycotic diseases in the United States, 1980-1997. Clin Infect Dis 2001; 33: 641-647.
36. Vardakas KZ, Michalopoulos A, Falagas ME. Fluconazole versus itraconazole for antifungal prophylaxis in neutropenic patients with haematological malignancies: A meta-analysis of randomised-controlled trials. Br J Haematol 2005; 131: 22-28.
37. Goodman JL, Winston DJ, Greenfield RA et al. A controlled trial of fluconazole to prevent fungal infections in patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation. N Engl J Med 1992; 326: 845-851.
38. Slavin MA, Osborne B, Adams R et al. Efficacy and safety of fluconazole prophylaxis for fungal infections after marrow transplantation - a prospective, randomized, double-blind study. J Infect Dis 1995; 171: 1545-1552.
39. Marr KA, Seidel K, Slavin MA et al. Prolonged fluconazole prophylaxis is associated with persistent protection against candidiasis-related death in allogeneic marrow transplant recipients: Long-term follow-up of a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Blood 2000; 96: 2055-2061.
40. Jantunen E, Nihtinen A, Volin L et al. Candidaemia in allogeneic stem cell transplant recipients: Low risk without fluconazole prophylaxis. Bone Marrow Transplant 2004; 34: 891-895.
41. van Burik JH, Leisenring W, Myerson D et al. The effect of prophylactic fluconazole on the clinical spectrum of fungal diseases in bone marrow transplant recipients with special attention to hepatic candidiasis. An autopsy study of 355 patients. Medicine (Baltimore) 1998; 77: 246-254.
42. Singh N. Trends in the epidemiology of opportunistic fungal infections: predisposing factors and the impact of antimicrobial use practices. Clin Infect Dis 2001; 33: 1692-1696.
43. Kontoyiannis DP. Why prior fluconazole use is associated with an increased risk of invasive mold infections in immunosuppressed hosts: An alternative hypothesis. Clin Infect Dis 2002; 34: 1281-1283.
44. Liu W, Lionakis MS, Lewis RE, Wiederhold N, May GS, Kontoyiannis DP. Attenuation of itraconazole fungicidal activity following preexposure of Aspergillus fumigatus to fluconazole. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2003; 47: 3592-3597.
45. Pfaller MA, Diekema DJ. Twelve years of fluconazole in clinical practice: Global trends in species distribution and fluconazole susceptibility of bloodstream isolates of Candida. Clin Microbiol Infect 2004; 10 (suppl 1): 11-23.
46. Merz WG, Karp JE, Schron D, Saral R. Increased incidence of fungemia caused by Candida krusei. J Clin Microbiol 1986; 24: 581-584.
47. Laverdiere M, Rotstein C, Bow EJ et al. Impact of fluconazole prophylaxis on fungal colonization and infection rates in neutropenic patients. The Canadian Fluconazole Study. J Antimicrob Chemother 2000; 46: 1001-1008.
48. Schaffner A, Schaffner M. Effect of prophylactic fluconazole on the frequency of fungal infections, amphotericin B use, and health care costs in patients undergoing intensive chemotherapy for hematologic neoplasias. J Infect Dis 1995; 172: 1035-1041.
49. Viscoli C, Paesmans M, Sanz M et al. Association between antifungal prophylaxis and rate of documented bacteremia in febrile neutropenic cancer patients. Clin Infect Dis 2001; 32: 1532-1537.
50. Castagnola E, Machetti M, Bucci B, Viscoli C. Antifungal prophylaxis with azole derivatives. Clin Microbiol Infect 2004; 10 (suppl 1): 86-95.
51. Wald A, Leisenring W, van Burik JA, Bowden RA. Epidemiology of Aspergillus infections in a large cohort of patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation. J Infect Dis 1997; 175: 1459-1466.
52. Marr KA, Carter RA, Boeckh M, Martin P, Corey L. Invasive aspergillosis in allogeneic stem cell transplant recipients: Changes in epidemiology and risk factors. Blood 2002; 100: 4358-4366.
53. Winston DJ, Maziarz RT, Chandrasekar PH et al. Intravenous and oral itraconazole versus intravenous and oral fluconazole for long-term antifungal prophylaxis in allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplant recipients. A multicenter, randomized trial. Ann Intern Med 2003; 138: 705-713.
54. Perfect JR, Klotman ME, Gilbert CC et al. Prophylactic intravenous amphotericin B in neutropenic autologous bone marrow transplant recipients. J Infect Dis 1992; 165: 891-897.
55. Riley DK, Pavia AT, Beatty PG et al. The prophylactic use of low-dose amphotericin B in bone marrow transplant patients. Am J Med 1994; 97: 509-514.
56. Wolff SN, Fay J, Stevens D et al. Fluconazole vs low-dose amphotericin B for the prevention of fungal infections in patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation: A study of the North American Marrow Transplant Group. Bone Marrow Transplant 2000; 25: 853-859.
57. Bodey GP, Anaissie EJ, Elting LS, Estey E, O'Brien S, Kantarjian H. Antifungal prophylaxis during remission induction therapy for acute leukemia fluconazole versus intravenous amphotericin B. Cancer 1994; 73: 2099-2106.
58. Kelsey SM, Goldman JM, Mccann S et al. Liposomal amphotericin (AmBisome) in the prophylaxis of fungal infections in neutropenic patients: A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Bone Marrow Transplant 1999; 23: 163-168.
59. Tollemar J, Ringden O, Andersson S, Sundberg B, Ljungman P, Tyden G. Randomized double-blind study of liposomal amphotericin B (Ambisome) prophylaxis of invasive fungal infections in bone marrow transplant recipients. Bone Marrow Transplant 1993; 12: 577-582.
60. Mattiuzzi GN, Estey E, Raad I et al. Liposomal amphotericin B versus the combination of fluconazole and itraconazole as prophylaxis for invasive fungal infections during induction chemotherapy for patients with acute myelogenous leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome. Cancer 2003; 97: 450-456.
61. Timmers GJ, Zweegman S, Simoons-Smit AM, van Loenen AC, Touw D, Huijgens PC. Amphotericin B colloidal dispersion (Amphocil) vs fluconazole for the prevention of fungal infections in neutropenic patients: Data of a prematurely stopped clinical trial. Bone Marrow Transplant 2000; 25: 879-884.
62. Bow EJ, Laverdiere M, Lussier N, Rotstein C, Cheang MS, Ioannou S. Antifungal prophylaxis for severely neutropenic chemotherapy recipients: a meta analysis of randomized-controlled clinical trials. Cancer 2002; 94: 3230-3246.
63. Mattiuzzi GN, Alvarado G, Giles FJ et al. Open-label, randomized comparison of itraconazole versus caspofungin for prophylaxis in patients with hematologic malignancies. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2006; 50: 143-147.
64. van Burik JA, Ratanatharathorn V et al. Micafungin versus fluconazole for prophylaxis against invasive fungal infections during neutropenia in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Clin Infect Dis 2004; 39: 1407-1416.
65. Wingard JR. Design issues in a prospective randomized double-blinded trial of prophylaxis with fluconazole versus voriconazole after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. Clin Infect Dis 2004; 39 (suppl 4): S176-S180.
66. Marr KA, Carter RA, Crippa F, Wald A, Corey L. Epidemiology and outcome of mould infections in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. Clin Infect Dis 2002; 34: 909-917.
67. Grigg AP, Brown M, Roberts AW, Szer J, Slavin MA. A pilot study of targeted itraconazole prophylaxis in patients with graft-versus-host disease at high risk of invasive mould infections following allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant 2004; 34: 447-453.
68. Conneally E, Cafferkey MT, Daly PA, Keane CT, Mccann SR. Nebulized amphotericin B as prophylaxis against invasive aspergillosis in granulocytopenic patients. Bone Marrow Transplant 1990; 5: 403-406.
69. Myers SE, Devine SM, Topper RL et al. A pilot study of prophylactic aerosolized amphotericin B in patients at risk for prolonged neutropenia. Leuk Lymphoma 1992; 8: 229-233.
70. Hertenstein B, Kern WV, Schmeiser T et al. Low incidence of invasive fungal infections after bone marrow transplantation in patients receiving amphotericin B inhalations during neutropenia. Ann Hematol 1994; 68: 21-26.
71. Erjavec Z, Woolthuis GM, de Vries-Hospers HG et al. Tolerance and efficacy of amphotericin B inhalations for prevention of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in haematological patients. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1997; 16: 364-368.
72. Schwartz S, Behre G, Heinemann V et al. Aerosolized amphotericin B inhalations as prophylaxis of invasive aspergillus infections during prolonged neutropenia: Results of a prospective randomized multicenter trial. Blood 1999; 93: 3654-3661.
73. Palmer SM, Drew RH, Whitehouse JD et al. Safety of aerosolized amphotericin B lipid complex in lung transplant recipients. Transplantation 2001; 72: 545-548.
74. Drew RH, Dodds Ashley E, Benjamin DK Jr, Duane Davis R, Palmer SM, Perfect JR. Comparative safety of amphotericin B lipid complex and amphotericin B deoxycholate as aerosolized antifungal prophylaxis in lung-transplant recipients. Transplantation 2004; 77: 232-237.
75. Monforte V, Roman A, Gavalda J et al. Nebulized amphotericin B concentration and distribution in the respiratory tract of lung-transplanted patients. Transplantation 2003; 75: 1571-1574.
76. Wingard JR, Merz WG, Rinaldi MG, Johnson TR, Karp JE, Saral R. Increase in Candida krusei infection among patients with bone marrow transplantation and neutropenia treated prophylactically with fluconazole. N Engl J Med 1991; 325: 1274-1277.
77. Krcmery V Jr, Oravcova E, Spanik S et al. Nosocomial breakthrough fungaemia during antifungal prophylaxis or empirical antifungal therapy in 41 cancer patients receiving antineoplastic chemotherapy: Analysis of aetiology risk factors and outcome. J Antimicrob Chemother 1998; 41: 373-380.
78. Marr KA, Seidel K, White TC, Bowden RA. Candidemia in allogeneic blood and marrow transplant recipients: Evolution of risk factors after the adoption of prophylactic fluconazole. J Infect Dis 2000; 181: 309-316.
79. Boeckh M, Gooley TA, Myerson D, Cunningham T, Schoch G, Bowden RA. Cytomegalovirus pp65 antigenemia-guided early treatment with ganciclovir versus ganciclovir at engraftment after allogeneic marrow transplantation: A randomized double-blind study. Blood 1996; 88: 4063-4071.
80. Wagner JE, Thompson JS, Carter SL, Kernan NA. Effect of graft-versus-host disease prophylaxis on 3-year disease-free survival in recipients of unrelated donor bone marrow (T-cell Depletion Trial): A multi-centre, randomised phase II-III trial. Lancet 2005; 366: 733-741.