The co-distribution of Plasmodium falciparum and hookworm among African schoolchildren

Malaria Journal

Volumn 5, Issue , 2006, Pages

  Brooker, Simon ^a   Clements, Archie C A ^a,b,g   Hotez, Peter J ^c   Hay, Simon I ^d,e   Tatem, Andrew J ^d,e   Bundy, Donald A P ^f   Snow, Robert W ^d,e  

^a LONDON SCHOOL OF HYGIENE AND TROPICAL MEDICINE   (United Kingdom)

^b IMPERIAL COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^c GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCES   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD   (United Kingdom)

^e KEMRI WELLCOME TRUST RESEARCH PROGRAMME   (Kenya)

^f WORLD BANK   (United States)

^g UNIVERSITY OF QUEENSLAND   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AFRICA; ARTICLE; GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION; HOOKWORM; HOOKWORM INFECTION; HUMAN; INFECTION RISK; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALARIA; MODEL; PARASITE PREVALENCE; PARASITE TRANSMISSION; PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM; PREVALENCE; SCHOOL CHILD; SUPERINFECTION;

AFRICA SOUTH OF THE SAHARA; ANIMALS; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; CLIMATE; HOOKWORM INFECTIONS; HUMANS; LOGISTIC MODELS; MALARIA, FALCIPARUM; PREDICTIVE VALUE OF TESTS; PREVALENCE; SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS; SCHOOLS; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY;

EID: 33750930083     PISSN: 14752875     EISSN: 14752875     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1186/1475-2875-5-99     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. WHO: Reducing risks, promoting healthy life. The World Health Report 2002. In Annex Table 3. Burden of disease in DALYs by cause, sex and mortality stratums in WHO regions, estimates for 2001 Geneva, World Health Organization; 2002:192.
2. Snow RW, Guerra CA, Noor AM, Myint HY, Hay SI: The global distribution of clinical episodes of Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Nature 2005, 434:214-217.
3. de Silva NR, Brooker S, Hotez PJ, Montresor A, Engels D, Savioli L: Soil-transmitted helminth infections: updating the global picture. Trends Parasitol 2003, 19:547-551.
4. Hotez PJ, Brooker S, Bethony JM, Bottazzi ME, Loukas A, Xiao SH: Hookworm infection. N Engl J Med 2004, 351:799-807.
5. Petney TN, Andrews RH: Multiparasite communities in animals and humans: frequency, structure and pathogenic significance. Int J Parasitol 1998, 28:377-93.
6. Buck AA, Anderson RI, MacRae AA: Epidemiology of poly-parasitism, I. Occurrence, frequency, and distribution of multiple infections in rural communities in Chad, Peru, Afghanistan, and Zaire. Trop und Parasitol 1978, 29:61-70.
7. Druilhe P, Tall A, Sokhna C: Worms can worsen malaria: towards a new means to roll back malaria? Trends Parasitol 2005, 21:359-362.
8. Nacher M: Interactions between worm infections and malaria. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2004, 26:85-92.
9. Mwangi TW, Bethony J, Brooker S: Malaria and helminth interactions: an epidemiological viewpoint. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 2006, 100:551-570.
10. Hotez PJ, Molyneux DH, Fenwick A, Ottesen E, Ehrlich Sachs S, Sachs JD: Incorporating a rapid-impact package for neglected tropical diseases with programs for HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria. PLoS Med 2006, 3:e102.
11. Sachs JD, Hotez PJ: Fighting tropical diseases. Science 2006, 311:1521.
12. Hay SI, Randolph SE, Rogers DJ: Remote sensing and geographic information systems in epidemiology. In Adv Parasitol Volume 47. London, Academic Press; 2000.
13. Hay SI, Graham AJ, Rogers DJ: Global mapping of infectious diseases: methods, examples and emerging applications. In Adv Parasitol Volume 62. London, Academic Press; 2006.
14. Hay SI, Omumbo JA, Craig MH, Snow RW: Earth observation, geographic information systems and Plasmodium falciparum malaria in sub-Saharan Africa. Adv Parasitol 2000, 47:173-215.
15. Brooker S, Michael E: The potential of geographical information systems and remote sensing in the epidemiology and control of human helminth infections. Adv Parasitol 2000, 47:245-288.
16. Brooker S, Clements ACA, Bundy DAP: Global epidemiology, ecology and control of soil-transmitted helminth infections. Adv Parasitol 2006, 62:221-261.
17. Bundy DAP: Population ecology of intestinal helminth infections in human communities. Philos Trans Roy Soc (Series B) 1988, 321:405-420.
18. Snow RW, Gilles HM: The epidemiology of malaria. In Bruce Chwatt's Essential Malariology 4th edition. Edited by: DA Warrell, HM Gilles. Arnold Publishers, London; 2002:85-106.
19. Hay SI: An overview of remote sensing and geodesy for epidemiology and public health application. Adv Parasitol 2000, 47:1-35.
20. Balk DL, Deichmann U, Yetman G, Pozzi F, Hay SI, Nelson A: Determining global population distribution, methods, applications and data. Adv Parasitol 2006, 62:120-156.
21. Brooker S, Hay SI, Bundy DAP: Tools from ecology: useful for evaluating infection risk models. Trends Parasitol 2000, 18:70-74.
22. Craig MH, Snow RW, le Sueur D: A climate-based distribution model of malaria transmission in sub-Saharan Africa. Parasitol Today 1999, 15:105-111.
23. th November 2005
24. Snow RW, Craig M, Deichmann U, Marsh K: Estimating mortality, morbidity and disability due to malaria among Africa's nonpregnant population. Bull World Hlth Organ 1999, 77:624-640.
25. Snow RW, Eckert E, Teklehaimanot A: Estimating the needs for artesunate-based combination therapy for malaria case-management in Africa. Trends Parasitol 2003, 19:363-369.
26. Hay SI, Guerra CA, Tatem AJ, Atkinson PM, Snow RW: Urbanization, malaria transmission and disease burden in Africa. Nat Rev Microbiol 2005, 3:81-90.
27. Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat: World Population Prospects: The 2004 Revision and World Urbanization Prospects, The 2003 Revision. 2005 [http://esa.un.org/ unpp]. Accessed 16 August 2005
28. Robert V, Macintyre K, Keating J, Trape JF, Duchemin JB, Warren M, Beier JC: Malaria transmission in urban sub-Saharan Africa. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2003, 68:169-176.
29. Maizels RM, Balic A, Gomez-Escobar N, Nair M, Taylor MD, Allen JE: Helminth parasites-masters of regulation. Immunol Rev 2004, 201:89-116.
30. Mendendez C, Fleming AF, Alonso PL: Malaria-related anaemia. Parasitol Today 2000, 16:469-476.
31. Stoltzfus RJ, Chwaya HM, Tielsch JM, Schulze KJ, Albonico M, Savioli L: Epidemiology of iron deficiency anemia in Zanzibari schoolchildren: the importance of hookworms. Am J Clin Nutr 1997, 65:153-159.
32. Crawley J: Reducing the burden of anemia in infants and young children in malaria-endemic countries of Africa: from evidence to action. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2004, 71(Suppl 2):25-34.
33. Bundy DAP, Shaeffer S, Jukes M, Beegle K, Gillespie A, Drake L, Seung-hee Frances Lee , Hoffman A-M, Jones J, Mitchell A, Wright C, Barcelona D, Camara B, Golmar C, Savioli L, Takeuchi T, Sembene M: School Based Health and Nutrition Programs. In Chapter 61 in "Disease Control Priorities for Developing Countries Edited by: Jamison D, Claeson M, Breman J, Meacham A. Oxford, Oxford University Press; 2006.
34. Prinsen Geerligs PD, Brabin BJ, Eggelte TA: Analysis of the effects of malaria chemoprophylaxis in children on haematological responses, morbidity and mortality. Bull World Hlth Organ 2003, 81:205-216.
35. Magnussen P, Ndawi B, Sheshe AK, Byskov J, Mbwana K: Malaria diagnosis and treatment administered by teachers in primary schools in Tanzania. Trop Med Int Hlth 2001, 6:273-279.
36. Pasha O, Del Rosso J, Mukaka M, Marsh D: The effect of providing Fansidar (sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine) in schools on mortality in school age children in Malawi. Lancet 2003, 361:577-578.
37. Bundy DAP, Lwin S, Osika JS, McLaughlin J, Pannenborg CO: What should schools do about malaria. Parasitol Today 2000, 16:181-182.
38. Brooker S, Guyatt H, Omumbo J, Shretta R, Drake L, Ouma J: Situation analysis of malaria in school-aged children in Kenya - what can be done? Parasitol Today 2000, 16:183-186.
39. Smith G, Schad GA: Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus: effect of temperature on egg development and mortality. Parasitology 1990, 99:127-132.
40. Nwosu AB, Anya AO: Seasonality in human hookworm infection in an endemic area of Nigeria, and its relationship to rainfall. Tropenmed Parasitol 1980, 31:201-208.
41. Crompton DWT, Savioli L: Intestinal parasitic infections and urbanization. Bull. WHO 1993, 71:1-7.
42. Snow RW, Peshu N, Forster D, Bomu G, Mitsanze E, Ngumbao E, Chisengwa R, Schellenberg JR, Hayes RJ, Newbold CI, Marsh : Environmental and entomological risk factors for the development of clinical malaria among children on the Kenyan coast. Trans Roy Soc Trop Med Hyg 1998, 92:381-385.
43. Koram KA, Bennett S, Adiamah JH, Greenwood BM: Socio-economic determinants are not major risk factors for severe malaria in Gambian children. Trans Roy Soc Trop Med Hyg 1995, 89:151-154.
44. Omumbo JA, Hay SI, Guerra CA, Snow RW: The relationship between the Plasmodium falciparum parasite ratio in childhood and climate estimates of malaria transmission in Kenya. Malaria J 2004, 3:17.
45. Snow RW, Marsh K, le Sueur D: The need for maps of transmission intensity to guide malaria control in Africa. Parasitol Today 1996, 12:455-457.
46. Hay SI, Snow RW: The Malaria Atlas Project: developing global maps of malaria risk. PLoS Med 2006, 3(12):e473. DOI:10.1371/journal.pmed.0040473
47. Hay SI, Noor AM, Nelson A, Tatem AJ: The accuracy of human population maps for public health application. Trop Med Intl Hlth 2005, 10:1073-1086.
48. Tatem AJ, Hay SI: Measuring urbanization pattern and extent for malaria research: a review of remote sensing approaches. J Urban Hlth 2004, 81:363-376.
49. Snow RW, Schellenberg JR, Peshu N, Forster D, Newton CR, Winstanley P, Mwangi I, Waruiru C, Warn PA, Newbold C, Marsh K: Periodicity and space-time clustering of severe childhood malaria on the coast of Kenya. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1993, 87:386-390.
50. Shapiro A, Tukahebwa EM, Katsen J, Magnussen P, Olsen A, Clarke S, Kabatereine NB, Ndyomugyenyi R, Brooker S: Epidemiology of helminth infections and their relationship to clinical malaria in southwest Uganda. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2005, 99:18-24.