Utility of reflex gomori methenamine silver staining for Pneumocystis jirovecii on bronchoalveolar lavage cytologic specimens: A review

Diagnostic Cytopathology

Volumn 34, Issue 11, 2006, Pages 719-723

  Nassar, Aziza ^a,b   Zapata, Mauricio ^a   Little, James V ^a   Siddiqui, Momin T ^a  

^a EMORY UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (United States)

^b EMORY UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

BAL; Bronchoalveolar lavage; GMS; PCP; Pneumocystis

Indexed keywords

COTRIMOXAZOLE; DAPSONE; METHENAMINE; METHENAMINE SILVER STAIN; SILVER NITRATE; TRIMETHOPRIM; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ADULT; COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS; DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY; DIAGNOSTIC VALUE; FEMALE; FUNGUS IDENTIFICATION; HUMAN; HUMAN TISSUE; IMMUNE DEFICIENCY; INTERMETHOD COMPARISON; LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS; LUNG LAVAGE; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; PAPANICOLAOU TEST; PNEUMOCYSTIS JIROVECI; PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA; PREVALENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REFLEX GOMORI METHENAMINE SILVER NITRATE STAINING; REVIEW; STAINING;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; BRONCHOALVEOLAR LAVAGE; FALSE NEGATIVE REACTIONS; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; METHENAMINE; MIDDLE AGED; PNEUMOCYSTIS JIROVECI; PNEUMONIA, PNEUMOCYSTIS; RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES; SILVER STAINING;

EID: 33750528538     PISSN: 87551039     EISSN: 10970339     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/dc.20540     Document Type: Review

References (36)

1. Fraser JL, Lilly C, Israel E, Hulme P, Hanff PA. Diagnostic yield of bronchoalveolar lavage and bronchoscopic lung biopsy for detection of Pneumocystis carinii. Mayo Clin Proc 1996;71:1025-1029.
2. Pinlaor S, Mootsikapun P, Pinlaor P, et al. PCR diagnosis of Pneumocystis carinii on sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage samples in immuno-compromised patients. Parasitol Res 2004;94:213-218.
3. Wazir JF, Ansari NA. Pneumocystis carinii infection: Update and review. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2004;128:1023-1027.
4. Guarner J, Robey SS, Gupta PK. Cytologic detection of Pneumocystis carinii: A comparison of Papanicolaou and other histochemical stains. Diagn Cytopathol 1986;2:133-137.
5. Schumann GB, Swensen JJ. Comparison of Papanicolaou's stain with the Gomori Methenamine Silver (CMS) stain for the cytodiagnosis of Pneumocystis carinii in Bronchoalveolar Lavage (BAL) fluid. Am J Clin Pathol 1991;95:583-586.
6. Papanicolaou G. A new procedure for staining of Pneumocystis sporozoites [letter]. Ann Intern Med 1984;100:919.
7. Grocott RG. A stain for fungi in tissue sections and smears using methenamine silver nitrate technique. Am J Clin Pathol 1955;25:975-979.
8. Revised nomenclature for Pneumocystis carinii. The Pneumocystis Workshop. J Eukaryot Microbiol 1994;4f:f21S, f22S.
9. Stringer JR, Beard CB, Miller RF, Wakefield AE. A new name (Pneumocystis jiroveci) for Pneumocystis from humans. Emerg Infect Dis 2002;8:891-896.
10. Stringer JR, Cushion MT, Wakefield AE. New nomenclature for the genus Pneumocystis. Proceedings of the Seventh International Workshops on Opportunistic Protists. J Eukaryot Microbiol 2001;48(Suppl):184S-189S.
11. Shellito JE. Failure of host defenses in human immunodeficiency virus. Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2004;25:73-84.
12. Tregnago R, Xavier RG, Pereira RP, Prolla JC. The diagnosis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia by cytologic evaluation of Papanicolaou and Leishman-stained bronchoalveolar specimens in patients with the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome. Cytopathology 1993;4:77-84.
13. Stanley M, Henry MJ, Iber C. Foamy alveolar casts: Diagnostic specificity for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cytology. Diagn Cytopathol 1987;4:113-116.
14. Greaves TS, Strigle SM. The recognition of Pneumocystis carinii in routine Papanicolaou-stained smears. Acta Cytol 1985;29:714-716.
15. Dugan JM, Avitabile AM, Rossman MD, Ernst CS, Atkinson BF. Diagnosis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia by cytologic evaluation of Papanicolaou-stained bronchial specimens. Diagn Cytopathol 1988;4:106-111.
16. Raab SS, Cheville JC, Bottles K, Cohen M. Utility of Gomori methenamine silver stains in bronchoalveolar lavage specimens. Mod Pathol 1994;7:599-604.
17. Naryshkin S, Daniels J, Freno E, Cunningham L. Cytology of treated and minimal Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and a pitfall of the Grocott methenamine silver stain. Diagn Cytopathol 1989;7:41-47.
18. Chandra P, Delaney MD, Tuazon CU. Role of special stains in the diagnosis of Pneumocystis carinii infection from bronchial washing specimens in patients with the Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. Acta Cytol 1988;32:105-108.
19. Homer KS, Wiley EL, Smith AL, et al. Monoclonal antibody to Pneumocystis carinii: Comparison with silver stain in bronchial lavage specimens. Am J Clin Pathol 1992;97:619-624.
20. Delvenne P, Arrese JE, Thiry A, Borlée-Hermans G, Piérard GE, Boniver J. Detection of Cytomegalovirus, Pneumocystis Carinii and Aspergillus species in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. A comparison of techniques Am J Clin Pathol 1993;100:414-418.
21. Lautenschlager I, Lyytikäinen O, Jokippi L, et al. Immunodetection of Pneumocystis carinii in bronchoalveolar lavage specimens compared with methenamine silver stain. J Clin Microbiol 1996;34:728-730.
22. Flori P, Bellete B, Durand F, et al. Comparison between real-time PCR, conventional PCR and different staining techniques for diagnosing Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia from bronchoalveolar lavage specimens. J Med Microbiol 2004;53:603-607.
23. Rabodonirina M, Raffenot D, Cotte L, et al. Rapid detection of Pneumocystis carinii in bronchoalveolar lavage specimens from human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients: Use of a simple DNA extraction procedure and nested PCR. J Clin Microbiol 1997;35:2748-2751.
24. Helweg-Larsen J. Pneumocystis jiroveci. Dan Med Bul 2004;51:251-273.
25. Durand-Joly I, Chabé M, Soula F, Delhaes L, Camus D, Dei-Cas E. Molecular diagnosis of Pneumocystis pneumonia. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 2005;45:405-410.
26. Beard CB, Roux P, Nevez G, et al. Strain typing methods and molecular epidemiology of Pneumocystis pneumonia. Emerg Infect Dis 2004;10:1729-1735.
27. Nyamande K, Lalloo U, York D, Naidoo M, Irusen EM, Chetty R. Low sensitivity of a nested polymerase chain reaction in oropharyngeal washings for the diagnosis of Pneumocystis pneumonia in HIV-infected patients. Chest 2005;128:167-171.
28. Medrano FJ, Montes-Cano M, Conde M, et al. Pneumocystis jirovecii in general population. Emerg Infect Dis 2005;11:245-249.
29. Chechani V, Allam AA, Haseeb MA, Kamholz SL. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with AIDS: Evaluation of lavage and staining techniques in diagnosis. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 1991;4:250-253.
30. Naimey GL, Wuerker RB. Comparison of histologic stains in the diagnosis of Pneumocystis carinii. Acta Cytol 1995;39:1124-1127.
31. Procop GW, Haddad S, Quinn J, et al. Detection of Pneumocystis jiroveci in respiratory specimens by four staining methods. J Clin Microbiol 2004;42:3333-3335.
32. Holten-Anderson W, Kolmos HJ. Comparison of methenamine silver nitrate and Giemsa stain for detection of Pneumocystis carinii in bronchoalveolar lavage specimens from HIV infected patients. APMIS 1989;97:745-777.
33. Saksirisampant W, Chamharodevong R, Eampokalap B, Changthong R. Comparison of methods for identification of Pneumocystis carinii in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. J Med Assoc Thai 2002;85(Suppl 1):S407-S414.
34. Watts JC, Chandler FW. Evolving concepts of infection by Pneumocystis carinii. Pathol Annu 1991;26(Part 1):93-138.
35. Watts JC, Chandler FW. Pneumocytosis. Pathology of infectious diseases. In: Connor DH, Chandler FW, Schwartz DA, Manz HJ, Laek EE, editors. Connecticut: Appleton and Lange; 1997. p 1241.
36. Wiwanitkit V. Study of the cost effectiveness of three staining methods for identification of Pneumocystis carinii in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Trop Doct 2005;35:23,24.