Myelofibrosis in chronic myeloproliferative disorders - Dynamics and clinical impact

Histology and Histopathology

Volumn 21, Issue 10-12, 2006, Pages 1367-1378

  Thiele, Jürgen ^a   Kvasnicka, H M ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF COLOGNE   (Germany)

Author keywords

Bone marrow biopsies; Chronic myeloproliferative disorders; Incidence; Myelofibrosis; Progression

Indexed keywords

COLLAGEN; RETICULIN;

BONE MARROW BIOPSY; CHRONIC DISEASE; CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DISEASE COURSE; FOLLOW UP; HEMATOPOIESIS; HUMAN; MORBIDITY; MORTALITY; MYELOFIBROSIS; MYELOID METAPLASIA; MYELOPROLIFERATIVE DISORDER; POLYCYTHEMIA VERA; PROGNOSIS; QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS; REVIEW; SCORING SYSTEM; THROMBOCYTHEMIA; WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION; BONE MARROW EXAMINATION; DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS;

BONE MARROW EXAMINATION; CHRONIC DISEASE; DIAGNOSIS, DIFFERENTIAL; HUMANS; MYELOFIBROSIS; MYELOPROLIFERATIVE DISORDERS;

EID: 33750342529     PISSN: 02133911     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (113)

1. Barbui T. and Finazzi G. (2005). When and how to treat essential thrombocythemia. N. Engl. J. Med. 353, 85-86.
2. Barosi G. (1999). Myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia: diagnostic definition and prognostic classification for clinical studies and treatment guidelines. J. Clin. Oncol. 17, 2954-2970.
3. Barosi G., Berzuini C., Liberato L.N., Costa A., Polino G. and Ascari E. (1988). A prognostic classification of myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia. Br. J. Haematol. 70, 397-401.
4. Barosi G., Liberato L.N., Costa A. and Ascari E. (1989). Cytoreductive effect of recombinant alpha interferon in patients with myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia. Blut 58, 271-274.
5. Barosi G., Ambrosetti A., Finelli C., Grossi A., Leoni P., Liberato N.L., Petti M.C., Pogliani E., Ricetti M., Rupoli S., Visani G. and Tura S. (1999). The Italian consensus conference on diagnostic criteria for myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia. Br. J. Haematol. 104, 730-737.
6. Bartl R., Frisch B. and Wilmanns W. (1993). Potential of bone marrow biopsy in chronic myeloproliferative disorders (MPD). Eur. J. Haematol. 50, 41-52.
7. Bauermeister D.E. (1971). Quantitation of bone marrow reticulin - a normal range. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 56, 24-31.
8. Beckman E.N. and Brown A.W. Jr (1990). Normal reticulin level in iliac bone marrow. Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. 114, 1241-1243.
9. Beham-Schmid C., Apfelbeck U., Sill H., Tsybrovsky O., Hofler G., Haas O.A. and Linkesch W. (2002). Treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia with the tyrosine kinase inhibitor STI571 results in marked regression of bone marrow fibrosis. Blood 99, 381-383.
10. Buchdunger E., Cioffi C.L., Law N., Stover D., Ohno-Jones S., Druker B.J. and Lydon N.B. (2000). Abl protein-tyrosine kinase inhibitor STI571 inhibits in vitro signal transduction mediated by c-kit and platelet-derived growth factor receptors. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 295, 139-145.
11. Buesche G., Hehlmann R., Hecker H., Heimpel H., Heinze B., Schmeil A., Pfirrmann M., Gomez G., Tobler A., Herrmann H., Kappler M., Hasford J., Buhr T., Kreipe H.H. and Georgii A. (2003). Marrow fibrosis, indicator of therapy failure in chronic myeloid leukemia - prospective long-term results from a randomized-controlled trial. Leukemia 17, 2444-2453.
12. Bueso-Ramos C.E., Cortes J., Talpaz M., O'Brien S., Giles F., Rios M.B., Medeiros L.J. and Kantarjian H. (2004). Imatinib mesylate therapy reduces bone marrow fibrosis in patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia. Cancer 101, 332-336.
13. Buhr T., Choritz H. and Georgii A. (1992a). The impact of megakaryocyte proliferation of the evolution of myelofibrosis. Histological follow-up study in 186 patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia. Virchows Arch. (A.) 420, 473-478.
14. Buhr T., Georgii A., Schuppan O., Amor A. and Kaloutsi V. (1992b). Histologic findings in bone marrow biopsies of patients with thrombocythemic cell counts. Ann. Hematol. 64, 286-291.
15. Buhr T., Georgii A. and Choritz H. (1993). Myelofibrosis in chronic myeloproliferative disorders. Incidence among subtypes according to the Hannover Classification. Pathol. Res. Pract 189, 121-132.
16. Buhr T., Busche G., Choritz H., Langer F. and Kreipe H. (2003). Evolution of myelofibrosis in chronic idiopathic myelofibrosis as evidenced in sequential bone marrow biopsy specimens. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 119, 152-158.
17. Cervantes F., Pereira A., Esteve J., Rafel M., Cobo F., Rozman C. and Montserrat E. (1997). Identification of 'short-lived' and 'long-lived' patients at presentation of idiopathic myelofibrosis. Br. J. Haematol. 97, 635-640.
18. Cervantes F., Barosi G., Demory J.L., Reilly J., Guarnone R., Dupriez B., Pereira A. and Montserrat E. (1998a). Myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia in young individuals: disease characteristics, prognostic factors and identification of risk groups. Br. J. Haematol. 102, 684-690.
19. Cervantes F., Pereira A., Esteve J., Cobo F., Rozman C. and Montserrat E. (1998b). The changing profile of idiopathic myelofibrosis: a comparison of the presenting features of patients diagnosed in two different decades. Eur. J. Haematol. 60, 101-105.
20. Cervantes F., Alvarez-Larran A., Talarn C., Gomez M. and Montserrat E. (2002). Myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia following essential thrombocythaemia: actuarial probability, presenting characteristics and evolution in a series of 195 patients. Br. J. Haematol. 118, 786-790.
21. Dekmezian R., Kantarjian H.M., Keating M.J., Talpaz M., McCredie K.B. and Freireich E.J. (1987). The relevance of reticulin stain-measured fibrosis at diagnosis in chronic myelogenous leukemia. Cancer 59, 1739-1743.
22. Dickstein J.I. and Vardiman J.W. (1993). Issues in the pathology and diagnosis of the chronic myeloproliferative disorders and the myelodysplastic syndromes. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 99, 513-525.
23. Dickstein J.I. and Vardiman J.W. (1995). Hematopathologic findings in the myeloproliferative disorders. Semin. Oncol. 22, 355-373.
24. Dingli D., Mesa R.A. and Tefferi A. (2004). Myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia: new developments in pathogenesis and treatment. Intern. Med. 43, 540-547.
25. Dupriez B., Morel P., Demory J.L., Lai J.L., Simon M., Plantier I. and Bauters F. (1996). Prognostic factors in agnogenic myeloid metaplasia: a report on 195 cases with a new scoring system. Blood 88, 1013-1018.
26. Ellis J.T., Peterson P., Geller S.A. and Rappaport H. (1986). Studies of the bone marrow in polycythemia vera and the evolution of myelofibrosis and second hematologic malignancies. Semin. Hematol. 23, 144-155.
27. Facchetti F., Tironi A., Marocolo D., Capucci A., Ruggeri G., Bellotti D. and Rossi G. (1997). Histopathological changes in bone marrow biopsies from patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia after treatment with recombinant alpha-interferon. Histopathology 31, 3-11.
28. Faderl S., Talpaz M., Estrov Z. and Kantarjian H.M. (1999). Chronic myelogenous leukemia: biology and therapy. Ann. Intern. Med. 131, 207-219.
29. Georgii A., Vykoupil K.F., Buhr T., Choritz H., Dohler U., Kaloutsi V. and Werner M. (1990). Chronic myeloproliferative disorders in bone marrow biopsies. Pathol. Res. Pract. 186, 3-27.
30. Georgii A., Buhr T., Buesche G., Kreft A. and Choritz H. (1996). Classification and staging of Ph-negative myeloproliferative disorders by histopathology from bone marrow biopsies. Leuk. Lymphoma 22, 15-29.
31. Georgii A., Buesche G. and Kreft A. (1998). The histopathology of chronic myeloproliferative diseases. Baillieres Clin. Haematol. 11, 721-749.
32. Giralt S., Kantarjian H. and Talpaz M. (1995). Treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia. Semin. Oncol. 22, 396-404.
33. Harrison C.N., Campbell P.J., Buck G., Wheatley K., East C.L., Bareford D., Wilkins B.S., van der Wait J.D., Reilly J.T., Grigg A.P., Revell P., Woodcock B.E. and Green A.R. (2005). Hydroxyurea compared with anagrelide in high-risk essential thrombocythemia. N. Engl. J. Med. 353, 33-45.
34. Hasselbalch H.C. (1993). Idiopathic myelofibrosis - an update with particular reference to clinical aspects and prognosis. Int. J. Clin. Lab. Res. 23, 124-138.
35. Hasselbalch H. and Lisse I. (1991). A sequential histological study of bone marrow fibrosis in idiopathic myelofibrosis. Eur. J. Haematol. 46, 285-289.
36. Hasserjian R.P., Boecklin F., Parker S., Chase A., Dhar S., Zaiac M., Olavarria E., Lampert I., Henry K., Apperley J.F. and Goldman J.M. (2002). ST1571 (imatinib mesylate) reduces bone marrow cellularity and normalizes morphologic features irrespective of cytogenetic response. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 117, 360-367.
37. Hehlmann R., Heimpel H., Hasford J., Kolb H.J., Pralle H., Hossfeld D.K., Queisser W., Loffler H., Hochhaus A., Heinze B., Georgii A., Bartram C.R., Griesshammer M., Bergmann L., Essers U., Falge C., Queisser U., Meyer P., Schmitz N., Eiermacher H., Walther F., Fett W., Kleeborg U.R., Kaebisch A., Nerl C., Zimmermann R., Meuret G., Tichelli A., Kanz L., Tigges F.J., Schmid L., Brockhaus W., Tobler A., Reiter A., Perker M., Emmerich B., Verpoort K., Zankovich R., Wussov P.V., Pruernmer O., Thiele J., Buhr T., Carbonell F., Ansari H. and the German CML Study Group. (1994). Randomized comparison of interferon-alpha with busulfan and hydroxyurea in chronic myelogenous leukemia. The German CML Study Group. Blood 84, 4064-4077.
38. Imbert M., Pierre R., Thiele J., Vardiman J.W., Brunning R.D. and Flandrin G. (2001). Essential thrombocythaemia. In: WHO classification of tumours: tumours of haematopoietic and lymphoid tissues. Jaffe E.S., Harris N.L., Stein H. and Vardiman J.W. (eds) IARC Press: Lyon. pp. 39-41.
39. Kantarjian H.M., Smith T.L., O'Brien S., Beran M., Pierce S. and Talpaz M. (1995). Prolonged survival in chronic myelogenous leukemia after cytogenetic response to interferon-alpha therapy. The Leukemia Service. Ann. Intern. Med. 122, 254-261.
40. Kiladjian J.J., Gardin C., Renoux M., Bruno F. and Bernard J.F. (2003). Long-term outcomes of polycythemia vera patients treated with pipobroman as initial therapy. Hematol. J. 4, 198-207.
41. Kimura A., Nakata Y., Hyodo H., Kuramoto A. and Satow Y. (1994). Platelet-derived growth factor expression in accelerated and blastic phase of chronic myelogenous leukaemia with myelofibrosis. Br. J. Haematol. 86, 303-307.
42. Kreft A., Nolde C., Busche G., Buhr T., Kreipe H. and Georgii A. (2000). Polycythaemia vera: bone marrow histopathology under treatment with interferon, hydroxyurea and busulphan. Eur. J. Haematol. 64, 32-41.
43. Kreft A., Weiss M., Wiese B., Choritz H., Buhr T., Busche G. and Georgii A. (2003). Chronic idiopathic myelofibrosis: prognostic impact of myelofibrosis and clinical parameters on event-free survival in 122 patients who presented in prefibrotic and fibrotic stages. A retrospective study identifying subgroups of different prognoses by using the RECPAM method. Ann. Hematol. 82, 605-611.
44. Kreft A., Buche G., Ghalibafian M., Buhr T., Fischer T. and Kirkpatrick C.J. (2005). The incidence of myelofibrosis in essential thrombocythaemia, polycythaemia vera and chronic idiopathic myelofibrosis: a retrospective evaluation of sequential bone marrow biopsies. Acta Haematol. 113, 137-143.
45. Kvasnicka H.M., Thiele J., Werden C., Zankovich R., Diehl V. and Fischer R. (1997). Prognostic factors in idiopathic (primary) osteomyelofibrosis. Cancer 80, 708-719.
46. Kvasnicka H.M., Thiele J., Regn C., Zankovich R., Diehl V. and Fischer R. (1999). Prognostic impact of apoptosis and proliferation in idiopathic (primary) myelofibrosis. Ann. Hematol. 78, 65-72.
47. +) chronic myelogenous leukemia: a multicenter trial. J. Clin. Oncol. 19, 2994-3009.
48. + chronic myelogenous leukaemia - a multicentre study on 495 patients. Br. J. Haematol. 112, 727-739.
49. Kvasnicka H.M. and Thiele J. (2004). Bone marrow angiogenesis: methods of quantification and changes evolving in chronic myeloproliferative disorders. Histol. Histopathol. 19, 1245-1260.
50. Kvasnicka H.M. and Thiele J. (2006). The impact of clinicopathological studies on staging and survival in essential thrombocythemia, chronic idiopathic myelofibrosis, and polycythemia vera. Semin. Thromb Hemost. 32, 362-371.
51. Laszlo J. (1975). Myeloproliferative disorders (MPD): myelofibrosis, myelosclerosis, extramedullary hematopoiesis, undifferentiated MPD, and hemorrhagic thrombocythemia. Semin. Hematol. 12, 409-432.
52. Lazzarino M., Morra E., Castello A., Inverardi D., Coci A., Pagnucco G., Magrini U., Zei G. and Bernasconi C. (1986). Myelofibrosis in chronic granulocytic leukaemia: clinicopathologic correlations and prognostic significance. Br. J. Haematol. 64, 227-240.
53. Le Bousse-Kerdiles M.C. and Martyre M.C. (1999). Myelofibrosis: pathogenesis of myelofibrosis with myelold metaplasia. French INSERM Research Network on Myelofibrosis with Myeloid Metaplasia. Springer Semin. Immunopathol. 21, 491-508.
54. Lofvenberg E., Wahlin A., Roos G. and Ost A. (1990). Reversal of myelofibrosis by hydroxyurea. Eur. J. Haematol. 44, 33-38.
55. Manoharan A., Horsley R. and Pitney W.R. (1979). The reticulin content of bone marrow in acute leukaemia in adults. Br. J. Haematol. 43, 185-190.
56. Martyre M.C. (2003). Critical review of pathogenetic mechanisms in myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia. Curr. Hematol. Rep. 2, 257-263.
57. Michiels J.J. and Thiele J. (2002). Clinical and pathological criteria for the diagnosis of essential thrombocythemia, polycythemia vera, and idiopathic myelofibrosis (agnogenic myeloid metaplasia). Int. J. Hematol. 76, 133-145.
58. Muehleck S.D., McKenna R.W., Arthur D.C., Parkin J.L. and Brunning R.D. (1984). Transformation of chronic myelogenous leukemia: clinical, morphologic, and cytogenetic features. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 82, 1-14.
59. Murphy S. (1999). Diagnostic criteria and prognosis in polycythemia vera and essential thrombocythemia. Semin. Hematol. 36, 9-13.
60. Najean Y. and Rain J.D. (1997). Treatment of polycythemia vera: the use of hydroxyurea and pipobroman in 292 patients under the age of 65 years. Blood 90, 3370-3377.
61. Okamura T., Kinukawa N., Niho Y. and Mizoguchi H. (2001). Primary chronic myelofibrosis: clinical and prognostic evaluation in 336 Japanese patients. Int. J. Hematol. 73, 194-198.
62. Parmeggiani L., Ferrant A., Rodhain J., Michaux J.L. and Sokal G. (1987). Alpha interferon in the treatment of symptomatic myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia. Eur. J. Haematol. 39, 228-232.
63. Pasquale D. and Chikkappa G. (1986). Comparative evaluation of bone marrow aspirate particle smears, biopsy imprints, and biopsy sections. Am. J. Hematol. 22, 381-389.
64. Passamonti F., Brusamolino E., Lazzarino M., Barate C., Klersy C., Orlandi E., Canevari A., Castelli G., Merante S. and Bernasconi C. (2000). Efficacy of pipobroman in the treatment of polycythemia vera: long-term results in 163 patients. Haematologica 85, 1011-1018.
65. Pearson T.C. (1998). Diagnosis and classification of erythrocytoses and thrombocytoses. Baillieres Clin. Haematol. 11, 695-720.
66. Petti M,C., Spadea A., Avvisati G., Spadea T., Latagliata R., Montefusco E., Cosenza M. and Malagnino F. (1998). Polycythemia vera treated with pipobroman as single agent: low incidence of secondary leukemia in a cohort of patients observed during 20 years (1971-1991). Leukemia 12, 869-874.
67. Reilly J.T. (1997). Idiopathic myelofibrosis: pathogenesis, natural history and management. Blood Rev. 11, 233-242.
68. Rupoli S., Da Lio L., Sisti S., Campanati G., Salvi A., Brianzoni M.F., D'Amico S., Cinciripini A. and Leoni P. (1994). Primary myelofibrosis: a detailed statistical analysis of the clinicopathological variables influencing survival. Ann. Hematol. 68, 205-212.
69. Straetmans N., Ma D.D., Nevell D.F. and Arthur C. (1996). Evolution of bone marrow fibrosis and stromal antigenic expression in chronic myeloid leukemia on alpha interferon and Ara-C therapy. Hematopathol. Mol. Hematol. 10, 213-222.
70. Strasser-Weippl K., Steurer M., Kees M., Augustin F., Tzankov A., Dirnhofer S., Fiegi M., Simonitsch-Klupp I., Zojer N., Gisslinger H. and Ludwig H. (2006). Age and hemoglobin level emerge as most important clinical prognostic parameters in patients with osteomyelofibrosis: introduction of a simplified prognostic score. Leuk. Lymphoma 47, 441-450.
71. Tatarsky I. and Sharon R. (1997). Management of polycythemia vera with hydroxyurea. Semin. Hematol. 34, 24-28.
72. Tefferi A. (2000). Myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia. N. Engl. J. Med. 342, 1255-1265.
73. Thiele J. and Kvasnicka H.M. (2003a). Chronic myeloproliferative disorders with thrombocythemia: a comparative study of two classification systems (PVSG, WHO) on 839 patients. Ann Hematol 82, 148-152.
74. Thiele J. and Kvasnicka H.M. (2003b). Diagnostic differentiation of essential thrombocythaemia from thrombocythaemias associated with chronic idiopathic myelofibrosis by discriminate analysis of bone marrow features - a clinicopathological study on 272 patients. Histol. Histopathol. 18, 93-102.
75. Thiele J. and Kvasnicka H.M. (2004). Prefibrotic chronic idiopathic myelofibrosis - a diagnostic enigma? Acta Haematol. 111, 155-159.
76. Thiele J. and Kvasnicka H.M. (2006a). A critical reappraisal of the WHO classification of the chronic myeloproliferative disorders. Leuk Lymphoma 47, 381-396.
77. Thiele J. and Kvasnicka H.M. (2006b). Clinicopathological criteria for differential diagnosis of thrombocythemias in various myeloproliferative disorders. Semin Thromb Hemost 32, 219-230.
78. Thiele J., Hoeppner B., Zankovich R. and Fischer R. (1989a). Histomorphometry of bone marrow biopsies in primary osteomyelofibrosis/ -sclerosis (agnogenic myeloid metaplasia) - correlations between clinical and morphological features. Virchows Arch. (A.) 415, 191-202.
79. Thiele J., Zankovich R., Steinberg T., Fischer R. and Diehl V. (1989b). Agnogenic myeloid metaplasia (AMM) - correlation of bone marrow lesions with laboratory data: a longitudinal clinicopathological study on 114 patients. Hematol. Oncol. 7, 327-343.
80. Thiele J., Titius B.R., Kopsidis C. and Fischer R. (1992). Atypical micromegakaryocytes, promegakaryoblasts and megakaryoblasts: a critical evaluation by immunohistochemistry, cytochemistry and morphometry of bone marrow trephines in chronic myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndromes. Virchows Arch. (B) 62, 275-282.
81. Thiele J., Kvasnicka H.M., Titius B.R., Parpert U., Nebel R., Zankovich R., Dienemann D., Stein H., Diehl V. and Fischer R. (1993). Histological features of prognostic significance in CML - an immunohistochemical and morphometric study (multivariate regression analysis) on trephine biopsies on the bone marrow. Ann. Hematol. 66, 261-302.
82. Thiele J., Kvasnicka H.M., Niederle N., Zirbes T.K., Schmidt M., Dammasch J., Meuter B.R., Leder L.D., Kloke O. and Diehl V. (1995). The impact of interferon versus busulfan therapy on the reticulin stain-measured fibrosis in CML - a comparative morphometric study on sequential trephine biopsies. Ann. Hematol. 70, 121-128.
83. Thiele J., Kvasnicka H.M., Warden C., Zankovich R., Diehl V. and Fischer R. (1996). Idiopathic primary osteo-myelofibrosis: a clinicopathological study on 208 patients with special emphasis on evolution of disease features, differentiation from essential thrombocythemia and variables of prognostic impact. Leuk. Lymphoma 22, 303-317.
84. Thiele J., Kvasnicka H.M., Fischer R. and Diehl V. (1997). Clinicopathological impact of the interaction between megakaryocytes and myeloid stroma in chronic myeloproliferative disorders: a concise update. Leuk. Lymphoma 24, 463-481.
85. Thiele J., Kvasnicka H.M., Zirbes T.K., Flucke U., Niederle N., Leder L.D., Diehl V. and Fischer R. (1998). Impact of clinical and morphological variables in classification and regression tree-based survival (CART) analysis of CML with special emphasis on dynamic features. Eur. J. Haematol. 60, 35-46.
86. Thiele J., Kvasnicka H.M., Boeltken B., Zankovich R., Diehl V. and Fischer R. (1999a). Initial (prefibrotic) stages of idiopathic (primary) myelofibrosis (IMF) - a clinicopathological study. Leukemia 13, 1741-1748.
87. Thiele J., Kvasnicka H.M., Diehl V., Fischer R. and Michiels J. (1999b). Clinicopathological diagnosis and differential criteria of thrombocythemias in various myeloproliferative disorders by histopathology, histochemistry and immunostaining from bone marrow biopsies. Leuk. Lymphoma 33, 207-218.
88. Thiele J., Kvasnicka H.M. and Fischer R. (1999c). Bone marrow histopathology in chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) - evaluation of distinctive features with clinical impact. Histol Histopathol 14, 1241-1256.
89. Thiele J., Kvasnicka H.M. and Fischer R. (1999d). Histochemistry and morphometry on bone marrow biopsies in chronic myeloproliferative disorders - aids to diagnosis and classification. Ann. Hematol. 78, 495-506.
90. Thiele J., Kvasnicka H.M., Beelen D.W., Zirbes T.K., Jung F., Reske D., Leder L.D. and Schaefer U.W, (2000a). Relevance and dynamics of myelofibrosis regarding hematopoietic reconstitution after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in chronic myelogenous leukemia - a single center experience on 160 patients. Bone Marrow Transplant. 26, 275-281.
91. Thiele J., Kvasnicka H.M., Schmitt-Graeff A., Bundschuh S., Biermann T., Roessler G., Wasmus M., Diehl V., Zankovich R. and Schaefer H.E. (2000b). Effects of chemotherapy (busulfan-hydroxyurea) and interferon-alfa on bone marrow morphologic features in chronic myelogenous leukemia. Histochemical and morphometric study on sequential trephine biopsy specimens with special emphasis on dynamic features. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 114, 57-65.
92. Thiele J., Kvasnicka H.M., Schmitt-Graeff A., Spohr M., Diehl V., Zankovich R., Niederle N. and Leder L.D. (2000c). Effects of interferon and hydroxyurea on bone marrow fibrosis in chronic myelogenous leukaemia: a comparative retrospective multicentre histological and clinical study. Br. J. Haematol. 108, 64-71.
93. Thiele J., Kvasnicka H.M., Schmitt-Graeff A., Zirbes T.K., Bimbaum F., Kressmann C., Melguizo-Grahmann M., Frackenpohl H., Sprungmann C., Leder L.D., Diehl V., Zankovich R., Schaefer H.E., Niederle N. and Fischer R. (2000d). Bone marrow features and clinical findings in chronic myeloid leukemia - a comparative, multicenter, immunohistological and morphometric study on 614 patients. Leuk. Lymphoma 36, 295-308.
94. Thiele J., Kvasnicka H.M., Zankovich R. and Diehl V. (2000e). Relevance of bone marrow features in the differential diagnosis between essential thrombocythemia and early stage idiopathic myelofibrosis. Haematologica 85, 1126-1134.
95. Thiele J., Imbert M., Pierre R., Vardiman J.W., Brunning R.D. and Flandrin G. (2001). Chronic idiopathic myelofibrosis. In WHO classification of tumours: Tumours of haematopoietic and lymphoid tissues. Jaffe, E.S., Harris, N.L., Stein H. and Vardiman J.W. (eds) pp. 35-38. IARC Press: Lyon.
96. Thiele J., Kvasnicka H.M., Schmitt-Graeff A., Zankovich R. and Diehl V. (2002a). Follow-up examinations including sequential bone marrow biopsies in essential thrombocythemia (ET): a retrospective clinicopathologicall study of 120 patients. Am. J. Hematol. 70, 283-291.
97. Thiele J., Kvasnicka H.M., Zankovich R. and Diehl V. (2002b). Early-stage idiopathic (primary) myelofibrosis - current issues of diagnostic features. Leuk. Lymphoma 43, 1035-1041.
98. Thiele J., Kvasnicka H.M., Schmitt-Graeff A. and Diehl V. (2003a). Dynamics of fibrosis in chronic idiopathic (primary) myelofibrosis during therapy: a follow-up study on 309 patients. Leuk. Lymphoma 44, 949-953.
99. Thiele J., Kvasnicka H.M., Schmitt-Graeff A. and Diehl V. (2003b). Bone marrow histopathology following cytoreductive therapy in chronic idiopathic myelofibrosis. Histopathology 43, 470-479.
100. Thiele J., Kvasnicka H.M., Schmitt-Graeff A., Kriener S., Engels K., Staib P., Griesshammer M., Waller C.F., Ottmann O.G. and Hansmann M.L. (2004a). Effects of the tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib mesylate (STI571) on bone marrow features in patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia. Histol. Histopathol. 19, 1277-1288.
101. Thiele J., Kvasnicka H.M., Schmitt-Graff A., Hulsemann R. and Diehl V. (2004b). Therapy-related changes of the bone marrow in chronic idiopathic myelofibrosis. Histol. Histopathol. 19, 239-250.
102. Thiele J., Kvasnicka H.M., Varus E., Ollig E., Schmitt-Graeff A., Staib P. and Griesshammer M. (2004c). Megakaryocyte features and bcr/abl translocation in chronic myeloid leukemia following imatinib mesylate (STI571) therapy - a fluorescence in-situ hybridization study. Leuk. Lymphoma 45, 1627-1631.
103. Thiele J., Kvasnicka H.M. and Diehl V. (2005a). Standardization of bone marrow features - does it work in hematopathology for histological discrimination of different disease patterns? Histol. Histopathol. 20, 633-644.
104. Thiele J., Kvasnicka H.M. and Diehl V. (2005b). Bone marrow features of diagnostic impact in erythrocytosis. Ann. Hematol. 84, 362-367.
105. Thiele J., Kvasnicka H.M., Facchetti F., Franco V., van der Walt J. and Orazi A. (2005c). European consensus on grading bone marrow fibrosis and assessment of cellularity. Haematologica 90, 1128-1132.
106. Thiele J., Kvasnicka H.M., Schmitt-Graeff A., Kriener S., Engels K., Staib P., Ollig E.S., Keller C., Fokkema S., Griesshammer M., Waller C.F., Ottmann O.G. and Hansmann M.L. (2005d). Bone marrow changes in chronic myelogenous leukaemia after long-term treatment with the tyrosine kinase inhibitor STI571: an immunohistochemical study on 75 patients. Histopathology 46, 540-550.
107. Thiele J. and Kvasnicka H.M. (2006c). Is it justified to perform a bone marrow biopsy examination in sustained erythrocytosis? Curr Hematol Rep 1, 87-92.
108. Thiele J., Kvasnicka H.M. and Vardiman J. (2006). Bone marrow histopathology in the diagnosis of chronic myeloproliferative disorders: A forgotten pearl. Best Pract. Res. Clin. Haematol. 19, 413-437.
109. Vardiman J.W. (2003). Myelodysplastic syndromes, chronic myeloproliferative diseases, and myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative diseases. Semin Diagn. Pathol. 20, 154-179.
110. Visani G., Finelli C., Castelli U., Petti M.C., Ricci P., Vianelli N., Gianni L., Zuffa E., Aloe Spiriti M.A., Latagliata R., Piled S., Magrini U., Gugliota L., Morra E., Bernasconi C., Mandelli F. and Tura S. (1990). Myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia: clinical and haematological parameters predicting survival in a series of 133 patients. Br. J. Haematol. 75, 4-9.
111. Wilhelm M., Sueso-Ramos C., O'Brien S., Pierce S., Keating M., Talpaz M. and Kantarjian H.M. (1998). Effect of interferon-alpha therapy on bone marrow fibrosis in chronic myelogenous leukemia. Leukemia 12, 65-70.
112. Wolf B.C. and Neiman R.S. (1985). Myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia: pathophysiologic implications of the correlation between bone marrow changes and progression of splenomegaly. Blood 65, 803-809.
113. Yang M., Khachigian L.M., Hicks C., Chesterman C.N. and Chong B.H. (1997). Identification of PDGF receptors on human megakaryocytes and megakaryocytic cell lines. Thromb Haemost 78, 892-896.