Early epitope- and isotype-specific humoral immune responses to GAD65 in young children with genetic susceptibility to type 1 diabetes

European Journal of Endocrinology

Volumn 155, Issue 4, 2006, Pages 633-642

  Ronkainen, Matti S ^a   Hoppu, Sanna ^b   Korhonen, Sari ^a   Simell, Satu ^c   Veijola, Riitta ^a   Ilonen, Jorma ^c   Simell, Olli ^c   Knip, Mikael ^b,d  

^a UNIVERSITY OF OULU   (Finland)

^b TAMPERE UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY   (Finland)

^c UNIVERSITY OF TURKU   (Finland)

^d UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI   (Finland)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EPITOPE; GLUTAMATE DECARBOXYLASE 65; GLUTAMATE DECARBOXYLASE 65 ANTIBODY; IMMUNOGLOBULIN ANTIBODY; IMMUNOGLOBULIN CLASS; IMMUNOGLOBULIN G1 ANTIBODY; IMMUNOGLOBULIN G4;

ANTIBODY DETECTION; ARTICLE; AUTOIMMUNITY; BLOOD SAMPLING; CARBOXY TERMINAL SEQUENCE; CHIMERA; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; DISEASE COURSE; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; GENETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY; HLA SYSTEM; HUMAN; HUMORAL IMMUNITY; INFANT; INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS; MALE; PRESCHOOL CHILD; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RISK FACTOR;

ANTIBODY FORMATION; ANTIBODY SPECIFICITY; AUTOANTIBODIES; AUTOIMMUNITY; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 1; DISEASE PROGRESSION; DISEASE-FREE SURVIVAL; EPITOPES; FEMALE; GENETIC PREDISPOSITION TO DISEASE; GLUTAMATE DECARBOXYLASE; HUMANS; IMMUNOGLOBULIN ISOTYPES; INFANT; INSULIN; ISOENZYMES; MALE; PLACEBOS; PREDIABETIC STATE; PREVENTIVE MEDICINE;

EID: 33750237436     PISSN: 08044643     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1530/eje.1.02271     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. Schranz DB & Lernmark Å. Immunology in diabetes: an update. Diabetes and Metabolism Reviews 1998 14 3-29.
2. Kulmala P, Savola K, Petersen IS, Vahasalo P, Karjalainen J, Lopponen T, Dyrberg T, Akerblom HK & Knip M. Prediction of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in siblings of children with diabetes. A population-based study. Journal of Clinical Investigation 1998 101 327-336.
3. Rabinovitch A. An update on cytokines in the pathogenesis of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Diabetes/Metabolism Reviews 1998 14 129-151.
4. Snapper CM & Mond JJ. Towards a comprehensive view of immunoglobulin class switching. Immunology Today 1993 14 15-17.
5. Lundgren M, Persson U, Larsson P, Magnusson C, Smith CI, Hammarstrom L & Severinson E. Interleukin 4 induces synthesis of IgE and IgG4 in human B cells. European Journal of Immunology 1989 19 1311-1315.
6. Widhe M, Ekerfelt C, Forsberg P, Bergstrom S & Ernerudh J. IgG subclasses in Lyme borreliosis: a study of specific IgG subclass distribution in an interferon-gamma-predominated disease. Scandinavian Journal of Immunology 1998 47 575-581.
7. Karlsen AE, Hagopian WA, Grubin CE, Dube S, Disteche CM, Adler DA, Barmeier H, Mathewes S, Grant FJ & Foster D. Cloning and primary structure of a human islet isoform of glutamic acid decarboxylase from chromosome 10. PNAS 1991 88 8337-8341.
8. Bu DF, Erlander MG, Hitz BC, Tillakaratne NJ, Kaufman DL, Wagner-McPherson CB, Evans GA & Tobin AJ. Two human glutamate decarboxylases, 65-kDa CAD and 67-kDa GAD, are each encoded by a single gene. PNAS 1992 89 2115-2119.
9. r isoform of glutamic acid decarboxylase. Diabetes 1993 42 631-636.
10. Falorni A, Ackefors M, Carlberg C, Daniels T, Persson B, Robertson J & Lernmark A. Diagnostic sensitivity of immunodominant epitopes of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65) autoantibodies in childhood IDDM. Diabetologia 1996 39 1091-1098.
11. Schwartz HL, Chandonia JM, Kash SF, Kanaani J, Tunnell E, Domingo A, Cohen FE, Banga JP, Madec AM, Richter W & Baekkeskov S. High-resolution autoreactive epitope mapping and structural modeling of 65 kDa form of human glutamic acid decarboxylase. Journal of Molecular Biology 1999 287 983-999.
12. Bonifacio E, Lampasona V, Bernasconi L & Ziegler AG. Maturation of the humoral autoimmune response to epitopes of GAD in preclinical childhood type 1 diabetes. Diabetes 2000 49 202-208.
13. Söhnlein P, Müller M, Syren K, Hartmann U, Bohm BO, Meinck HM, Knip M, Akerblom HK & Richter W. Epitope spreading and a varying but not disease-specific GAD65 antibody response in Type I diabetes. Diabetologia 2000 43 210-217.
14. Kupila A, Muona P, Simell T, Arvilommi P, Savolainen H, Hamalainen AM, Korhonen S, Kimpimaki T, Sjoroos M, Ilonen J, Knip, M & Simell O. juvenile diabetes research foundation centre for the prevention of type. Feasibility of genetic and immunological prediction of Type 1 diabetes in a population-based birth cohort. Diabetologia 2001 44 290-297.
15. Savola K, Sabbah E, Kulmala P, Vähäsalo P, Ilonen I & Knip M. Autoantibodies associated with Type 1 diabetes mellitus persist after diagnosis in children. Diabetologia 1998 41 1293-1297.
16. Hoppu S, Ronkainen MS, Kulmala P, Åkerblom HK & Knip M. The Childhood Diabetes in Finland Study Group. GAD65 antibody isotypes and epitope recognition during the prediabetic process in siblings of children with type I diabetes. Clinical and Experimental Immunology 2004 136 120-128.
17. Bonifacio E, Scirpoli M, Kredel K, Füchtenbusch M & Ziegler AG. Early autoantibody responses in prediabetes are IgG1 dominated and suggest antigen-specific regulation. Journal of Immunology 1999 163 525-532.
18. Hoppu S, Ronkainen MS, Kimpimaki T, Simell S, Korhonen S, Ilonen J, Simell O & Knip M. Insulin autoantibody isotypes during the prediabetic process in young children with increased genetic risk of type 1 diabetes. Pediatric Research 2004 55 236-242.
19. Sjöroos M, Iitiä A, Ilonen J, Reijonen H & Lövgren T. Triple-label hybridization assay for type 1 diabetes-related HLA alleles. Biotechniques 1995 18 870-877.
20. Nejentsev S, Sjöroos M, Soukka T, Knip M, Simell O, Lövgren T & Ilonen J. Population-based genetic screening for the estimation of type 1 diabetes mellitus risk in Finland: selective genotyping of markers in the HLA-DGB1, HLA-DGA1 and HLA-DRB1 loci. Diabetic Medicine 1999 16 985-992.
21. Matthews JNS, Altman DG, Campbell MJ & Royston P. Analysis of serial measurements in medical research. British Medical Journal 1990 300 230-235.
22. Schlosser M, Banga JP, Madec AM, Binder KA, Strebelow M, Rjasanowski I, Wassmuth R, Gilliam LK & Luo D. Dynamic changes of GAD65 autoantibody epitope specificities in individuals at risk of developing type 1 diabetes. Diabetologia 2005 48 922-930.
23. Couper JJ, Harrison LC, Aldis JJE, Colman PG, Honeyman MC & Ferrante A. IgG subclass antibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase and risk for progression to clinical insulin-dependent diabetes. Human Immunology 1998 59 493-499.
24. Petersen IS, Kulmala P, Clausen JT, Knip M, Dyrberg T & the Childhood Diabetes in Finland Study Group,. Progression to type 1 diabetes is associated with a change in the immunoglobulin isotype profile of autoantibodies to gtutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65). Clinical Immunology 1999 90 276-281.
25. Hawa M, Fava D, Medici F, Deng YJ, Notkins AL, De Mattia G & Leslie RD. Antibodies to IA-2 and GAD65 in type 1 and type 2 diabetes: isotype restriction and polyclonality. Diabetes Care 2000 23 228-233.
26. Achenbach P, Warncke K, Reiter J, Naserke HE, Williams AJ, Bingley PI, Bonifacio E & Ziegler AG. Stratification of type 1 diabetes risk on the basis of islet cell autoantibody characteristics. Diabetes 2004 53 384-392.
27. Hampe CS, Hammerle LP, Bekris L, Ortqvist E, Kockum I, Rolandsson O, Landin-Olsson M, Torn C, Persson B & Lernmark A. Recognition of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65) by autoantibodies from different GAD antibody-positive phenotypes. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 2000 85 4671-4679.
28. Hampe CS, Kockum. I, Landin-Olsson M, Torn C, Ortqvist E, Persson B, Rolandsson O, Palmer J & Lernmark A. GAD65 antibody epitope patterns of type 1.5 diabetic patients are consistent with slow-onset autoimmune diabetes. Diabetes Care 2002 25 1481-1482.
29. Kobayashi T, Tanaka S, Okubo M, Nakanishi K, Murase T & Lernmark A. Unique epitopes of glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibodies in slowly progressive type 1 diabetes. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 2003 88 4768-4775.
30. Binder KA, Banga JP, Madec A-M, Ortqvist E, Luo D & Hampe CS. Epitope analysis of GAD65Ab using fusion proteins and rFab. Journal of Immunological Methods 2004 295 101-109.
31. Smith TE IgG subclasses. Advances in Pediatrics 1992 39 101-126.
32. Lonnrot M, Korpela K, Knip M, Ilonen J, Simell O, Korhonen S, Savola K, Muona P, Simell T, Koskela P & Hyoty H. Enterovirus infection as a risk factor for beta-cell autoimmunity in a prospectively observed birth cohort: the Finnish Diabetes Prediction and Prevention Study. Diabetes 2000 49 1314-1318.
33. Tian J, Lehmann PV & Kaufman DL. Determinant spreading of T helper cell 2 (th2) responses to pancreatic islet autoantigens. Journal of Experimental Medicine 1997 186 2039-2043.
34. Schmid S, Molteni A, Fuchtenbusch M, Naserke HE, Ziegler AG & Bonifacio E. Reduced IL-4 associated antibody responses to vaccine in early pre-diabetes. Diabetologia 2002 45 677-685.
35. Harrison LC, Honeyman MC, Steele CE, Stone NL, Sarugeri E, Bonifacio E, Couper JJ & Colman PG. Pancreatic beta cell function and immune responses to insulin after administration of intranasal insulin to human at risk for type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2004 27 2348-2354.
36. Fuchtenbusch M, Kredel K, Bonifacio E, Schnell O & Ziegler AG. Exposure to exogenous insulin promotes IgGI and the T-helper 2-associated IgG4 responses to insulin but not to other islet autoantigens. Diabetes 2000 49 918-925.