Mixed community-acquired pneumonia in hospitalised patients

European Respiratory Journal

Volumn 27, Issue 4, 2006, Pages 795-800

  de Roux, A ^a   Ewig, S ^b   Garcia E ^c   Marcos, M A ^c   Mensa, J ^c   Lode, H ^d   Torres, A ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BARCELONA   (Spain)

^b Augusta Kranken Anstalt   (Germany)

^c HOSPITAL CLÍNIC   (Spain)

^d Lungenklinik Heckeshorn   (Germany)

Author keywords

Community acquired pneumonia; Hospitalisation; Mixed pneumonia

Indexed keywords

BETA LACTAM ANTIBIOTIC; MACROLIDE; QUINOLONE;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; COMMUNITY ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA; CONTROLLED STUDY; DISEASE COURSE; FEMALE; FREQUENCY ANALYSIS; HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE; HOSPITAL PATIENT; HOSPITALIZATION; HUMAN; INCIDENCE; INFLUENZA VIRUS A; LABORATORY TEST; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MONOTHERAPY; PREDICTION; PREVALENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SEROLOGY; SHOCK; STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE; THORAX RADIOGRAPHY; BACTERIAL INFECTION; BACTERIAL PNEUMONIA; COMMUNICABLE DISEASE; COMORBIDITY; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY; INFLUENZA; LOBAR PNEUMONIA; MICROBIOLOGICAL EXAMINATION; MICROBIOLOGY; MIDDLE AGED; PROSPECTIVE STUDY; SPAIN; STATISTICS; VIRUS PNEUMONIA;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; BACTERIOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES; COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED INFECTIONS; COMORBIDITY; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES; FEMALE; HAEMOPHILUS INFECTIONS; HOSPITALIZATION; HUMANS; INFLUENZA A VIRUS; INFLUENZA, HUMAN; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PNEUMONIA, BACTERIAL; PNEUMONIA, PNEUMOCOCCAL; PNEUMONIA, VIRAL; PROSPECTIVE STUDIES; SPAIN;

EID: 33750130887     PISSN: 09031936     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1183/09031936.06.00058605     Document Type: Article

References (21)

1. Almirall J, Bolibar I, Balanzo X, et al. Risk factors for community-acquired pneumoniae in adults: a population-based case-control study. Eur Respir J 1999; 13: 349-355.
2. Subdirecciòn de tecnologias sanitarias MdSyC. Informe sobre la vacuna neumocòcica [A report on the pneumococcal vaccine]. Med Clin (Barcelona) 1994; 102: 383-386.
3. Blanquer J, Blanquer R, Borras R, et al. Aetiology of community acquired pneumonia in Valencia, Spain: a multicentre prospective study. Thorax 1991; 46: 508-511.
4. Lieberman D, Schlaeffer F, Boldur I, et al. Multiple pathogens in adult patients admitted with community-acquired pneumonia: a one year prospective study of 346 consecutive patients. Thorax 1996; 51: 179-184.
5. Martinez JA, Horcajada JP, Almela M, et al. Addition of a macrolide to a beta-lactam-based empirical antibiotic regimen is associated with lower in-hospital mortality for patients with bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia. Clin Infect Dis 2003; 36: 389-395.
6. Baddour LM, Yu VL, Klugman KP, et al. International Pneumococcal Study Group. Combination antibiotic therapy lowers mortality among severely ill patients with pneumococcal bacteremia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2004; 170: 440-444.
7. Waterer GW, Somes GW, Wunderink RG. Monotherapy may be suboptimal for severe bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia. Arch Intern Med 2001; 161: 1837-1842.
8. Ewig S, Ruiz M, Mensa J, et al. Severe community-acquired pneumonia. Assessment of severity criteria. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1998; 158: 1102-1108.
9. Ruiz M, Ewig S, Torres A, et al. Severe-community-acquired pneumonia. Risk factors and follow-up epidemiology. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1999; 160: 923-929.
10. Ruiz M, Ewig S, Marcos MA, et al. Etiology of community-acquired pneumonia: impact of age, comorbidity, and severity. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1999; 160: 397-405.
11. Fine MJ, Auble TE, Yealy DM, et al. A prediction rule to identify low-risk patients with community-acquired pneumonia. N Engl J Med 1997; 336: 243-250.
12. Lim WS, Macfarlane JT. A prospective comparison of nursing home acquired pneumonia with community-acquired pneumonia. Eur Respir J 2001; 18: 362-368.
13. Lim WS, Macfarlane JT, Boswell TC, et al. Study of community acquired pneumoniae aetiology (SCAPA) in adults admitted to hospital: implications for management guidelines. Thorax 2001; 56: 296-301.
14. Jokinen C, Heiskanen L, Juvonen H, et al. Microbiol etiology of community-acquired pneumonia in the adult population of 4 municipalities in eastern Finland. Clin Infect Dis 2001; 32: 1141-1154.
15. Bochud PY, Moser F, Erard P, et al. Community-acquired pneumonia. A prospective outpatient study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2001; 80: 75-87.
16. Roson B, Carratala J, Dorca J, et al. Etiology, reasons for hospitalization, risk classes, and outcomes of community-acquired pneumonia in patients hospitalized on the basis of conventional admission criteria. Clin Infect Dis 2001; 33: 158-165.
17. Madhi SA, Klugman KP, Vaccine Trialist Group. A role for Streptococcus pneumoniae in virus-associated pneumonia. Nat Med 2004; 10: 811-813.
18. Peltola VT, Murti KG, McCullers JA. Influenza virus neuraminidase contributes to secondary bacterial pneumonia. J Infect Dis 2005; 192: 249-257.
19. Farr BM, Kaiser DL, Harrison BD, et al. Prediction of microbial aetiology at admission to hospital for pneumonia from the presenting clinical features. British Thoracic Society Pneumonia Research Subcommittee. Thorax 1989; 44: 1031-1035.
20. Granados A, Podzamczer D, Gudiol F, et al. Pneumonia due to Legionella pneumophila and pneumococcal pneumonia: similarities and differences on presentation. Eur Respir J 1989; 2: 130-134.
21. Kauppinen MT, Saikku P, Kujala P, et al. Clinical picture of community-acquired Chlamydia pneumoniae pneumonia requiring hospital treatment: a comparison between chlamydial and pneumococcal pneumonia. Thorax 1996;51:185-189.