메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 168, Issue 4, 2006, Pages 454-470

Consumers limit the abundance and dynamics of a perennial shrub with a seed bank

Author keywords

Herbivory; Matrix models; Mice; Plant demography; Plant consumer interactions; Voles

Indexed keywords

ABUNDANCE; DORMANCY; PERENNIAL PLANT; PLANT-HERBIVORE INTERACTION; POPULATION DYNAMICS; SEED BANK; SHRUB;

EID: 33750034622     PISSN: 00030147     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1086/507877     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (54)

References (77)
  • 1
    • 0024248491 scopus 로고
    • Insect seed predators may cause far greater losses than they appear to
    • Andersen, A. N. 1988. Insect seed predators may cause far greater losses than they appear to. Oikos 52:337-340.
    • (1988) Oikos , vol.52 , pp. 337-340
    • Andersen, A.N.1
  • 2
    • 0024932789 scopus 로고
    • Pre-dispersal seed losses to insects in species of Leptospermum (Myrtaceae)
    • -. 1989. Pre-dispersal seed losses to insects in species of Leptospermum (Myrtaceae). Australian Journal of Ecology 14:13-18.
    • (1989) Australian Journal of Ecology , vol.14 , pp. 13-18
  • 3
    • 5344280529 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pollen limitation of plant reproduction: Ecological and evolutionary causes and consequences
    • Ashman, T.-L., T. M. Knight, J. A. Steets, P. Amarasekare, M. Burd, D. Campbell, M. Dudash, et al. 2004. Pollen limitation of plant reproduction: ecological and evolutionary causes and consequences. Ecology 85:2408-2421.
    • (2004) Ecology , vol.85 , pp. 2408-2421
    • Ashman, T.-L.1    Knight, T.M.2    Steets, J.A.3    Amarasekare, P.4    Burd, M.5    Campbell, D.6    Dudash, M.7
  • 4
    • 0022855474 scopus 로고
    • Population dynamics of the shrub Acacia suaveolens (Sm.) Willd.: Seed production and predispersal seed predation
    • Auld, T. D., and P. J. Myerscough. 1986. Population dynamics of the shrub Acacia suaveolens (Sm.) Willd.: seed production and predispersal seed predation. Australian Journal of Ecology 11:219-234.
    • (1986) Australian Journal of Ecology , vol.11 , pp. 219-234
    • Auld, T.D.1    Myerscough, P.J.2
  • 6
    • 0000601679 scopus 로고
    • Influence of meadow mouse populations in California grassland
    • Batzli, G. O., and F. A. Pitelka. 1970. Influence of meadow mouse populations in California grassland. Ecology 51:1027-1039.
    • (1970) Ecology , vol.51 , pp. 1027-1039
    • Batzli, G.O.1    Pitelka, F.A.2
  • 8
    • 0034054263 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The demographic role of soil seed banks. II. Investigations of the fate of experimental seeds of the desert mustard Lesquerella fendleri
    • Cabin, R. J., D. L. Marshall, and R. J. Mitchell. 2000. The demographic role of soil seed banks. II. Investigations of the fate of experimental seeds of the desert mustard Lesquerella fendleri. Journal of Ecology 88:293-302.
    • (2000) Journal of Ecology , vol.88 , pp. 293-302
    • Cabin, R.J.1    Marshall, D.L.2    Mitchell, R.J.3
  • 10
    • 0000416217 scopus 로고
    • The interface between slugs and wild ginger: Some evolutionary aspects
    • Cates, R. G. 1975. The interface between slugs and wild ginger: some evolutionary aspects. Ecology 56:391-400.
    • (1975) Ecology , vol.56 , pp. 391-400
    • Cates, R.G.1
  • 11
    • 0024902862 scopus 로고
    • Insect herbivores and plant population dynamics
    • Crawley, M. J. 1989. Insect herbivores and plant population dynamics. Annual Review of Entomology 34:531-564.
    • (1989) Annual Review of Entomology , vol.34 , pp. 531-564
    • Crawley, M.J.1
  • 12
    • 0001875389 scopus 로고
    • Seed predators and plant population dynamics
    • M. Fenner, ed. CAB International, Wallingford
    • -. 1992. Seed predators and plant population dynamics. Pages 157-192 in M. Fenner, ed. Seeds, the ecology of regeneration in plant communities. CAB International, Wallingford.
    • (1992) Seeds, the Ecology of Regeneration in Plant Communities , pp. 157-192
  • 13
    • 0002562449 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plant-herbivore dynamics
    • M. J. Crawley, ed. Blackwell Scientific, Oxford
    • -. 1997. Plant-herbivore dynamics. Pages 401-474 in M. J. Crawley, ed. Plant ecology. Blackwell Scientific, Oxford.
    • (1997) Plant Ecology , pp. 401-474
  • 14
    • 0036933875 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Population ecology of wild sunflower: Effects of seed density and post-dispersal vertebrate seed predators
    • Cummings, C. L., and H. M. Alexander. 2002. Population ecology of wild sunflower: effects of seed density and post-dispersal vertebrate seed predators. Oecologia (Berlin) 130:274-280.
    • (2002) Oecologia (Berlin) , vol.130 , pp. 274-280
    • Cummings, C.L.1    Alexander, H.M.2
  • 15
    • 0025948719 scopus 로고
    • Experiments on mechanisms of tree establishment in old-field succession: Seedling emergence
    • DeSteven, D. 1991. Experiments on mechanisms of tree establishment in old-field succession: seedling emergence. Ecology 73:1066-1075.
    • (1991) Ecology , vol.73 , pp. 1066-1075
    • DeSteven, D.1
  • 16
    • 1542778491 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Natural-enemy release facilitates habitat expansion of the invasive tropical shrub Clidemia hirta
    • DeWalt, S. J., J. S. Denslow, and K. Ickes. 2004. Natural-enemy release facilitates habitat expansion of the invasive tropical shrub Clidemia hirta. Ecology 85:471-483.
    • (2004) Ecology , vol.85 , pp. 471-483
    • DeWalt, S.J.1    Denslow, J.S.2    Ickes, K.3
  • 17
    • 0000175901 scopus 로고
    • Experimental studies on slug-plant interactions. II. The effect of grazing by slugs on high density monocultures of Capsella bursa-pastoris and Poa annua
    • Dirzo, R., and J. L. Harper. 1982. Experimental studies on slug-plant interactions. II. The effect of grazing by slugs on high density monocultures of Capsella bursa-pastoris and Poa annua. Journal of Ecology 68:999-1011.
    • (1982) Journal of Ecology , vol.68 , pp. 999-1011
    • Dirzo, R.1    Harper, J.L.2
  • 18
    • 0242411610 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Population viability analysis for plants: Understanding the demographic consequences of seed banks for population health
    • S. R. Beissinger and D. R. McCullough, eds. University of Chicago Press, Chicago
    • Doak, D. F., D. Thomson, and E. S. Jules. 2002. Population viability analysis for plants: understanding the demographic consequences of seed banks for population health. Pages 312-337 in S. R. Beissinger and D. R. McCullough, eds. Population viability analysis. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
    • (2002) Population Viability Analysis , pp. 312-337
    • Doak, D.F.1    Thomson, D.2    Jules, E.S.3
  • 19
    • 0032989518 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rodent seed predation and seedling recruitment in mesic grassland
    • Edwards, G. R., and M. J. Crawley. 1999. Rodent seed predation and seedling recruitment in mesic grassland. Oecologia (Berlin) 118: 288-296.
    • (1999) Oecologia (Berlin) , vol.118 , pp. 288-296
    • Edwards, G.R.1    Crawley, M.J.2
  • 20
    • 0028977437 scopus 로고
    • Demography of the perennial herb Lathyrus vernus. II. Herbivory and population dynamics
    • Ehrlén, J. 1995. Demography of the perennial herb Lathyrus vernus. II. Herbivory and population dynamics. Journal of Ecology 83: 297-308.
    • (1995) Journal of Ecology , vol.83 , pp. 297-308
    • Ehrlén, J.1
  • 21
    • 0030301664 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatiotemporal variation in predispersal seed predation intensity
    • -. 1997. Spatiotemporal variation in predispersal seed predation intensity. Oecologia (Berlin) 108:708-713.
    • (1997) Oecologia (Berlin) , vol.108 , pp. 708-713
  • 22
    • 0037647410 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing the lifetime consequences of plant-animal interactions for the perennial herb Lathyrus vernus (Fabaceae)
    • -. 2002. Assessing the lifetime consequences of plant-animal interactions for the perennial herb Lathyrus vernus (Fabaceae). Perspectives in Plant Ecology Evolution and Systematics 53:145-163.
    • (2002) Perspectives in Plant Ecology Evolution and Systematics , vol.53 , pp. 145-163
  • 23
    • 0742323137 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fitness components versus total demographic effects: Evaluating herbivore impacts on a perennial herb
    • -. 2003. Fitness components versus total demographic effects: evaluating herbivore impacts on a perennial herb. American Naturalist 162:796-810.
    • (2003) American Naturalist , vol.162 , pp. 796-810
  • 24
    • 1542379060 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative demography of plants based upon elasticities of vital rates
    • Franco, M., and J. Silvertown. 2004. Comparative demography of plants based upon elasticities of vital rates. Ecology 85:531-538.
    • (2004) Ecology , vol.85 , pp. 531-538
    • Franco, M.1    Silvertown, J.2
  • 25
    • 0347093350 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predispersal seed predation and population dynamics in the perennial understory herb Actea spicata
    • Fröborg, H., and O. Eriksson. 2003. Predispersal seed predation and population dynamics in the perennial understory herb Actea spicata. Canadian Journal of Botany 81:1058-1069.
    • (2003) Canadian Journal of Botany , vol.81 , pp. 1058-1069
    • Fröborg, H.1    Eriksson, O.2
  • 27
    • 0025694337 scopus 로고
    • Limits to the distributions of alpine tundra plants: Herbivores and the alpine skypilot, Polemonium viscosum
    • Galen, C. 1990. Limits to the distributions of alpine tundra plants: herbivores and the alpine skypilot, Polemonium viscosum. Oikos 59:355-358.
    • (1990) Oikos , vol.59 , pp. 355-358
    • Galen, C.1
  • 28
    • 0002461901 scopus 로고
    • Effects of insect herbivory on herbaceous plants
    • J. J. Burdon and S. R. Leather, eds. Blackwell Scientific, Oxford
    • Gange, A. C. 1990. Effects of insect herbivory on herbaceous plants. Pages 157-173 in J. J. Burdon and S. R. Leather, eds. Pests, pathogens and plant communities. Blackwell Scientific, Oxford.
    • (1990) Pests, Pathogens and Plant Communities , pp. 157-173
    • Gange, A.C.1
  • 29
    • 0025995128 scopus 로고
    • Tree and shrub colonization of old fields in central New York
    • Gill, D. S., and P. L. Marks. 1991. Tree and shrub colonization of old fields in central New York. Ecological Monographs 61:183-205.
    • (1991) Ecological Monographs , vol.61 , pp. 183-205
    • Gill, D.S.1    Marks, P.L.2
  • 30
    • 0038814757 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of seed dispersers in the population dynamics of the columnar cactus Neobuxbaumia tetetzo
    • Godínez-Alvarez, H., A. Valiente-Banuet, and A. Rojas-Martinez. 2002. The role of seed dispersers in the population dynamics of the columnar cactus Neobuxbaumia tetetzo. Ecology 83:2617-2629.
    • (2002) Ecology , vol.83 , pp. 2617-2629
    • Godínez-Alvarez, H.1    Valiente-Banuet, A.2    Rojas-Martinez, A.3
  • 31
    • 4444368995 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Net effects of large mammals on Acacia seedling survival in an African savanna
    • Goheen, J. R., F. Keesing, B. F. Allan, D. Ogada, and R. S. Ostfeld. 2004. Net effects of large mammals on Acacia seedling survival in an African savanna. Ecology 85:1555-1561.
    • (2004) Ecology , vol.85 , pp. 1555-1561
    • Goheen, J.R.1    Keesing, F.2    Allan, B.F.3    Ogada, D.4    Ostfeld, R.S.5
  • 32
    • 0028975832 scopus 로고
    • An experimental field study of the effects of mollusc grazing on seedling recruitment and survival in grassland
    • Hanley, M. E., M. Fenner, and P. J. Edwards. 1995. An experimental field study of the effects of mollusc grazing on seedling recruitment and survival in grassland. Journal of Ecology 83:621-627.
    • (1995) Journal of Ecology , vol.83 , pp. 621-627
    • Hanley, M.E.1    Fenner, M.2    Edwards, P.J.3
  • 34
    • 0021547688 scopus 로고
    • Reactions of Heracleum lanatum to floral herbivory by Depressaria pastinacella
    • Hendrix, S. D. 1984. Reactions of Heracleum lanatum to floral herbivory by Depressaria pastinacella. Ecology 65:191-197.
    • (1984) Ecology , vol.65 , pp. 191-197
    • Hendrix, S.D.1
  • 36
    • 0003317324 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The ecological detective: Confronting models with data
    • Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ
    • Hilborn, R., and M. Mangel. 1997. The ecological detective: confronting models with data. Monographs in population biology 28. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.
    • (1997) Monographs in Population Biology 28
    • Hilborn, R.1    Mangel, M.2
  • 37
    • 0008290404 scopus 로고
    • Weed control by insects
    • Holloway, J. K. 1957. Weed control by insects. Scientific American 197:56-62.
    • (1957) Scientific American , vol.197 , pp. 56-62
    • Holloway, J.K.1
  • 38
  • 39
    • 3242657521 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • When seed dispersal matters
    • Howe, H. F., and M. N. Miriti. 2004. When seed dispersal matters. BioScience 54:651-660.
    • (2004) BioScience , vol.54 , pp. 651-660
    • Howe, H.F.1    Miriti, M.N.2
  • 41
    • 0028161430 scopus 로고
    • Rodent post-dispersal seed predation in grassland: Magnitude and sources of variation
    • Hulme, P. E. 1994. Rodent post-dispersal seed predation in grassland: magnitude and sources of variation. Journal of Ecology 82:645-652.
    • (1994) Journal of Ecology , vol.82 , pp. 645-652
    • Hulme, P.E.1
  • 42
    • 0345505821 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Post-dispersal seed predation: Consequences for plant demography and evolution
    • -. 1998. Post-dispersal seed predation: consequences for plant demography and evolution. Perspectives in Plant Ecology Evolution and Systematics 1:32-46.
    • (1998) Perspectives in Plant Ecology Evolution and Systematics , vol.1 , pp. 32-46
  • 43
    • 0002091852 scopus 로고
    • Interactions within herbivore communities mediated by the host plant: The keystone herbivore concept
    • M. D. Hunter, T. Ohgushi, and P. W. Price, eds. Academic Press, New York
    • Hunter, M. D. 1992. Interactions within herbivore communities mediated by the host plant: the keystone herbivore concept. Pages 288-325 in M. D. Hunter, T. Ohgushi, and P. W. Price, eds. Effects of resource distribution on animal-plant interactions. Academic Press, New York.
    • (1992) Effects of Resource Distribution on Animal-plant Interactions , pp. 288-325
    • Hunter, M.D.1
  • 44
    • 0026395612 scopus 로고
    • Herbivores and the dynamics of communities and ecosystems
    • Huntly, N. 1991. Herbivores and the dynamics of communities and ecosystems. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 22:477-503.
    • (1991) Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics , vol.22 , pp. 477-503
    • Huntly, N.1
  • 45
    • 77956984462 scopus 로고
    • The function of the hilum in some Papilionaceae in relation to the ripening of the seed and the permeability of the testa
    • Hyde, E. O. C. 1954. The function of the hilum in some Papilionaceae in relation to the ripening of the seed and the permeability of the testa. Annals of Botany 18:241-256.
    • (1954) Annals of Botany , vol.18 , pp. 241-256
    • Hyde, E.O.C.1
  • 46
    • 0026595442 scopus 로고
    • Demography of an age-structured annual: Resampled projection matrices, elasticity analyses, and seed bank effects
    • Kalisz, S., and M. A. McPeek. 1992. Demography of an age-structured annual: resampled projection matrices, elasticity analyses, and seed bank effects. Ecology 73:1082-1093.
    • (1992) Ecology , vol.73 , pp. 1082-1093
    • Kalisz, S.1    McPeek, M.A.2
  • 47
    • 0002576084 scopus 로고
    • The study of population growth in organisms grouped by stages
    • Lefkovitch, L. P. 1965. The study of population growth in organisms grouped by stages. Biometrics 21:1-18.
    • (1965) Biometrics , vol.21 , pp. 1-18
    • Lefkovitch, L.P.1
  • 48
    • 0021572265 scopus 로고
    • Herbivory on Diplacus aurantiacus shrubs in sun and shade
    • Lincoln, D. E., and H. A. Mooney. 1984. Herbivory on Diplacus aurantiacus shrubs in sun and shade. Oecologia (Berlin) 64:173-176.
    • (1984) Oecologia (Berlin) , vol.64 , pp. 173-176
    • Lincoln, D.E.1    Mooney, H.A.2
  • 49
    • 0002888496 scopus 로고
    • Distribution ecology: Variation in plant recruitment over a gradient in relation to insect seed predation
    • Louda, S. M. 1982. Distribution ecology: variation in plant recruitment over a gradient in relation to insect seed predation. Ecological Monographs 52:25-41.
    • (1982) Ecological Monographs , vol.52 , pp. 25-41
    • Louda, S.M.1
  • 50
    • 0002954224 scopus 로고
    • Predation in the dynamics of seed regeneration
    • M. A. Leck, V. T. Parker, and R. L. Simpson, eds. Academic Press, New York
    • -. 1989. Predation in the dynamics of seed regeneration. Pages 25-51 in M. A. Leck, V. T. Parker, and R. L. Simpson, eds. Ecology of soil seed banks. Academic Press, New York.
    • (1989) Ecology of Soil Seed Banks , pp. 25-51
  • 51
    • 0028976909 scopus 로고
    • Effect of inflorescence-feeding insects on the demography and lifetime fitness of a native plant
    • Louda, S. M., and M. A. Potvin. 1995. Effect of inflorescence-feeding insects on the demography and lifetime fitness of a native plant. Ecology 76:229-245.
    • (1995) Ecology , vol.76 , pp. 229-245
    • Louda, S.M.1    Potvin, M.A.2
  • 52
    • 0029756886 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insect herbivory as a major factor in the shade distribution of a native crucifer (Cardamine cordifolia A. Gray, bittercress)
    • Louda, S. M., and J. E. Rodman. 1996. Insect herbivory as a major factor in the shade distribution of a native crucifer (Cardamine cordifolia A. Gray, bittercress). Journal of Ecology 84:229-237.
    • (1996) Journal of Ecology , vol.84 , pp. 229-237
    • Louda, S.M.1    Rodman, J.E.2
  • 53
    • 0035666260 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term effects of rodent herbivores on tree invasion dynamics along forest-field edges
    • Manson, R. H., R. S. Ostfeld, and C. D. Canham. 2001. Long-term effects of rodent herbivores on tree invasion dynamics along forest-field edges. Ecology 82:3320-3329.
    • (2001) Ecology , vol.82 , pp. 3320-3329
    • Manson, R.H.1    Ostfeld, R.S.2    Canham, C.D.3
  • 54
    • 0031857815 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Individual and joint effects of below- and above-ground insect herbivory on perennial plant fitness
    • Maron, J. L. 1998. Individual and joint effects of below- and above-ground insect herbivory on perennial plant fitness. Ecology 79: 1281-1293.
    • (1998) Ecology , vol.79 , pp. 1281-1293
    • Maron, J.L.1
  • 55
    • 0035137442 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intraspecific competition and subterranean insect herbivory: Individual and interactive effects on bush lupine
    • -. 2001. Intraspecific competition and subterranean insect herbivory: individual and interactive effects on bush lupine. Oikos 92:178-186.
    • (2001) Oikos , vol.92 , pp. 178-186
  • 56
    • 0033883993 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Consumer pressure, seed versus safe-site limitation, and plant population dynamics
    • Maron, J. L., and S. N. Gardner. 2000. Consumer pressure, seed versus safe-site limitation, and plant population dynamics. Oecologia (Berlin) 124:260-269.
    • (2000) Oecologia (Berlin) , vol.124 , pp. 260-269
    • Maron, J.L.1    Gardner, S.N.2
  • 57
    • 33644846655 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Habitat-specific impacts of multiple consumers on plant population dynamics
    • Maron, J. L., and M. J. Kauffman. 2006. Habitat-specific impacts of multiple consumers on plant population dynamics. Ecology 87: 113-124.
    • (2006) Ecology , vol.87 , pp. 113-124
    • Maron, J.L.1    Kauffman, M.J.2
  • 58
    • 0030613828 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of seed predation on seed bank size and seedling recruitment of bush lupine (Lupinus arboreus)
    • Maron, J. L., and E. L. Simms. 1997. Effects of seed predation on seed bank size and seedling recruitment of bush lupine (Lupinus arboreus). Oecologia (Berlin) 111:76-83.
    • (1997) Oecologia (Berlin) , vol.111 , pp. 76-83
    • Maron, J.L.1    Simms, E.L.2
  • 59
    • 0034886762 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rodent limited establishment of bush lupine: Field experiments on the cumulative effect of granivory
    • -. 2001. Rodent limited establishment of bush lupine: field experiments on the cumulative effect of granivory. Journal of Ecology 89:578-588.
    • (2001) Journal of Ecology , vol.89 , pp. 578-588
  • 60
    • 0035039430 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Origin of an insect outbreak: Escape in space or time from natural enemies?
    • Maron, J. L., S. Harrison, and M. E. Greaves. 2001. Origin of an insect outbreak: escape in space or time from natural enemies? Oecologia (Berlin) 126:595-602.
    • (2001) Oecologia (Berlin) , vol.126 , pp. 595-602
    • Maron, J.L.1    Harrison, S.2    Greaves, M.E.3
  • 61
    • 0002674358 scopus 로고
    • The selective impact of herbivores
    • R. S. Fritz and E. L. Simms, eds. University of Chicago Press, Chicago
    • Marquis, R. J. 1992. The selective impact of herbivores. Pages 301-325 in R. S. Fritz and E. L. Simms, eds. Plant resistance to herbivores and pathogens. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
    • (1992) Plant Resistance to Herbivores and Pathogens , pp. 301-325
    • Marquis, R.J.1
  • 62
    • 0033135620 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biological control of plant invaders: Regional patterns, field experiments, and structured population models
    • McEvoy, P. B., and E. M. Coombs. 1999. Biological control of plant invaders: regional patterns, field experiments, and structured population models. Ecological Applications 9:387-401.
    • (1999) Ecological Applications , vol.9 , pp. 387-401
    • McEvoy, P.B.1    Coombs, E.M.2
  • 63
    • 0021541826 scopus 로고
    • Experimental studies of seed predation in old-fields
    • Mittelbach, G. G., and K. L. Gross. 1984. Experimental studies of seed predation in old-fields. Oecologia (Berlin) 65:7-13.
    • (1984) Oecologia (Berlin) , vol.65 , pp. 7-13
    • Mittelbach, G.G.1    Gross, K.L.2
  • 65
    • 0027794797 scopus 로고
    • Effects of meadow vole population density on tree seedling survival in oldfields
    • Ostfeld, R. S., and C. D. Canham. 1993. Effects of meadow vole population density on tree seedling survival in oldfields. Ecology 74:1792-1801.
    • (1993) Ecology , vol.74 , pp. 1792-1801
    • Ostfeld, R.S.1    Canham, C.D.2
  • 66
    • 0030614011 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of rodents on survival of tree seeds and seedlings invading old fields
    • Ostfeld, R. S., R. H. Manson, and C. D. Canham. 1997. Effects of rodents on survival of tree seeds and seedlings invading old fields. Ecology 78:1531-1542.
    • (1997) Ecology , vol.78 , pp. 1531-1542
    • Ostfeld, R.S.1    Manson, R.H.2    Canham, C.D.3
  • 67
    • 0022164147 scopus 로고
    • Herbivore exclosure and competitor removal: Effects on juvenile survivorship and growth in the shrub Gutierrezia microcephala
    • Parker, M. A., and A. G. Salzman. 1985. Herbivore exclosure and competitor removal: effects on juvenile survivorship and growth in the shrub Gutierrezia microcephala. Journal of Ecology 73:903-919.
    • (1985) Journal of Ecology , vol.73 , pp. 903-919
    • Parker, M.A.1    Salzman, A.G.2
  • 68
    • 0002075350 scopus 로고
    • Water impermeable seed dormancy
    • Rolston, M. P. 1978. Water impermeable seed dormancy. Botanical Review 44:365-396.
    • (1978) Botanical Review , vol.44 , pp. 365-396
    • Rolston, M.P.1
  • 69
    • 13944280185 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Demographic and evolutionary impacts of native and invasive insect herbivores on Cirsium canescens
    • Rose, K. E., S. M. Louda, and M. Rees. 2005. Demographic and evolutionary impacts of native and invasive insect herbivores on Cirsium canescens. Ecology 86:453-465.
    • (2005) Ecology , vol.86 , pp. 453-465
    • Rose, K.E.1    Louda, S.M.2    Rees, M.3
  • 71
    • 0027806345 scopus 로고
    • Comparative plant demography: Relative importance of life-cycle components to the finite rate of increase in woody and herbaceous perennials
    • Silvertown, J., M. Franco, I. Pisanty, and A. Mendoza. 1993. Comparative plant demography: relative importance of life-cycle components to the finite rate of increase in woody and herbaceous perennials. Journal of Ecology 81:465-476.
    • (1993) Journal of Ecology , vol.81 , pp. 465-476
    • Silvertown, J.1    Franco, M.2    Pisanty, I.3    Mendoza, A.4
  • 72
    • 0033960676 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Direct and indirect effects of herbivores on nitrogen dynamics: Voles in riparian areas
    • Sirotnak, J. M., and N. J. Huntly. 2000. Direct and indirect effects of herbivores on nitrogen dynamics: voles in riparian areas. Ecology 81:78-87.
    • (2000) Ecology , vol.81 , pp. 78-87
    • Sirotnak, J.M.1    Huntly, N.J.2
  • 74
    • 0043149729 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plant-insect interactions in terrestrial ecosystems
    • C. M. Herrera and O. Pellmyr, eds. Blackwell Science, Oxford
    • Strauss, S. Y., and A. R. Zangerl. 2002. Plant-insect interactions in terrestrial ecosystems. Pages 77-106 in C. M. Herrera and O. Pellmyr, eds. Plant-animal interactions. Blackwell Science, Oxford.
    • (2002) Plant-animal Interactions , pp. 77-106
    • Strauss, S.Y.1    Zangerl, A.R.2
  • 75
    • 0028982418 scopus 로고
    • High mortality, fluctuation in numbers, and heavy subterranean insect herbivory in bush lupine, Lupinus arboreus
    • Strong, D. R., J. L. Maron, P. G. Connors, A. Whipple, S. Harrison, and R. L. Jefferies. 1995. High mortality, fluctuation in numbers, and heavy subterranean insect herbivory in bush lupine, Lupinus arboreus. Oecologia (Berlin) 104:85-92.
    • (1995) Oecologia (Berlin) , vol.104 , pp. 85-92
    • Strong, D.R.1    Maron, J.L.2    Connors, P.G.3    Whipple, A.4    Harrison, S.5    Jefferies, R.L.6
  • 76
    • 18444396208 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why high seed densities within buried mesh bags may overestimate depletion rates in soil seed banks
    • Van Mourik, T. A., T. J. Stomph, and A. J. Murdoch. 2005. Why high seed densities within buried mesh bags may overestimate depletion rates in soil seed banks. Journal of Ecology 42:299-305.
    • (2005) Journal of Ecology , vol.42 , pp. 299-305
    • Van Mourik, T.A.1    Stomph, T.J.2    Murdoch, A.J.3
  • 77
    • 0022830763 scopus 로고
    • Impact of flower and seed predators on seed-set in two Banksia shrubs
    • Zammit, C., and C. W. Hood. 1986. Impact of flower and seed predators on seed-set in two Banksia shrubs. Australian Journal of Ecology 11:187-193.
    • (1986) Australian Journal of Ecology , vol.11 , pp. 187-193
    • Zammit, C.1    Hood, C.W.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.