The cortical network for eye-hand coordination and its relevance to understanding motor disorders of parietal patients

Neuropsychologia

Volumn 44, Issue 13, 2006, Pages 2607-2620

  Battaglia Mayer, Alexandra ^a   Archambault, Philippe S ^a   Caminiti, Roberto ^a  

^a SAPIENZA UNIVERSITY OF ROME   (Italy)

Author keywords

Directional hypokinesia; Eye hand coordination; Optic ataxia; Parietal cortex; Reaching

Indexed keywords

ANISOTROPY; ARTICLE; ATAXIA; BRAIN CORTEX; BRAIN DAMAGE; EYE; EYE HAND COORDINATION; FRONTAL LOBE; HAND; HAND MOVEMENT; HUMAN; HYPOKINESIA; MOTOR CORTEX; MOTOR DYSFUNCTION; NEUROPHYSIOLOGY; OPTIC ATAXIA; PARIETAL LOBE; PREMOTOR CORTEX; PSYCHOMETRY; TRANSCRANIAL MAGNETIC STIMULATION;

ANIMALS; EYE; HAND; HUMANS; MOVEMENT DISORDERS; MUSCULOSKELETAL PHYSIOLOGICAL PHENOMENA; MUSCULOSKELETAL PHYSIOLOGY; NERVE NET; PARIETAL LOBE; PSYCHOMOTOR PERFORMANCE;

EID: 33749448873     PISSN: 00283932     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2005.11.021     Document Type: Article

References (120)

1. Alexander G.E., and Crutcher M.D. Neural representations of target (goal) of visually guided arm movements in three motor areas of the monkey. Journal of Neurophysiology 64 1 (1990) 164-178
2. Andersen R.A., and Buneo C.A. Intentional maps in posterior parietal cortex. Annual Review of Neuroscience 25 (2002) 189-220
3. Archambault, P. S., Battaglia-Mayer, A., & Caminiti, R. (2005). Modulation of parietal cell activity associated with a change in hand movement during reaching. 2005 Abstract Viewer/Itinerary Planner. Program No. 363.10. Washington, DC: Society for Neuroscience. Online.
4. Averbeck B.B., Chafee M.V., Crowe D.A., and Georgopoulos A.P. Parietal representation of hand velocity in a copy task. Journal of Neurophysiology 93 1 (2005) 508-518
5. Barash S., Bracewell R.M., Fogassi L., Gnadt J.W., and Andersen R.A. Saccade-related activity in the lateral intraparietal area. I. Temporal properties; comparison with area 7a. Journal of Neurophysiology 66 3 (1991) 1095-1108
6. Batista A.P., Buneo C.A., Snyder L.H., and Andersen R.A. Reach plans in eye-centered coordinates. Science 285 5425 (1999) 257-260
7. Battaglia-Mayer A., and Caminiti R. Optic ataxia as a result of the breakdown of the global tuning fields of parietal neurones. Brain 125 Pt 2 (2002) 225-237
8. Battaglia-Mayer A., Caminiti R., Lacquaniti F., and Zago M. Multiple levels of representation of reaching in the parieto-frontal network. Cerebral Cortex 13 10 (2003) 1009-1022
9. Battaglia-Mayer A., Ferraina S., Genovesio A., Marconi B., Squatrito S., Molinari M., Lacquaniti F., and Caminiti R. Eye-hand coordination during reaching. II. An analysis of the relationships between visuomanual signals in parietal cortex and parieto-frontal association projections. Cerebral Cortex 11 6 (2001) 528-544
10. Battaglia-Mayer A., Ferraina S., Mitsuda T., Marconi B., Genovesio A., Onorati P., Lacquaniti F., and Caminiti R. Early coding of reaching in the parietooccipital cortex. Journal of Neurophysiology 83 4 (2000) 2374-2391
11. Battaglia-Mayer A., Mascaro M., Brunamonti E., and Caminiti R. The over-representation of contralateral space in parietal cortex: A positive image of directional motor components of neglect?. Cerebral Cortex 15 5 (2005) 514-525
12. Battaglini P.P., Muzur A., Galletti C., Skrap M., Brovelli A., and Fattori P. Effects of lesions to area V6A in monkeys. Experimental Brain Research 144 3 (2002) 419-422
13. Blouin J., Teasdale N., Bard C., and Fleury M. Control of rapid arm movements when target position is altered during saccadic suppression. Journal of Motor Behavior 27 2 (1995) 114-122
14. Burnod Y., Baraduc P., Battaglia-Mayer A., Guigon E., Koechlin E., Ferraina S., Lacquaniti F., and Caminiti R. Parieto-frontal coding of reaching: An integrated framework. Experimental Brain Research 129 3 (1999) 325-346
15. Burnod Y., Grandguillaume P., Otto I., Ferraina S., Johnson P.B., and Caminiti R. Visuomotor transformations underlying arm movements toward visual targets: A neural network model of cerebral cortical operations. Jounal of Neuroscience 12 4 (1992) 1435-1453
16. Buxbaum L.J., and Coslett H.B. Spatio-motor representations in reaching: Evidence for subtypes of optic ataxia. Cognition Neurophysics 15 3 (1998) 279-312
17. Caminiti R., Ferraina S., and Johnson P.B. The sources of visual information to the primate frontal lobe: A novel role for the superior parietal lobule. Cerebral Cortex 6 3 (1996) 319-328
18. Caminiti R., Johnson P.B., Galli C., Ferraina S., and Burnod Y. Making arm movements within different parts of space: The premotor and motor cortical representation of a coordinate system for reaching to visual targets. Journal of Neuroscience 11 5 (1991) 1182-1197
19. Caminiti R., Johnson P.B., and Urbano A. Making arm movements within different parts of space: Dynamic aspects in the primate motor cortex. Journal of Neuroscience 10 7 (1990) 2039-2058
20. Calton J.L., Dickinson A.R., and Snyder L.H. Non-spatial, motor specific activation in posterior parietal cortex. Natural Neuroscience 5 6 (2002) 580-588
21. Carlton L.G. Processing visual feedback information for movement control. Journal of Experimental Psycholological Human Perception Performance 7 5 (1981) 1019-1030
22. Chafee M.V., and Goldman-Rakic P.S. Inactivation of parietal and prefrontal cortex reveals interdependence of neural activity during memory-guided saccades. Journal of Neurophysiology 83 3 (2000) 1550-1566
23. Classen J., Kunesch E., Binkofski F., Hilperath F., Schlaug G., Seitz R.J., et al. Subcortical origin of visuomotor apraxia. Brain 118 Pt 6 (1995) 1365-1374
24. Collewijn H. Latency and gain of the rabbit's optokinetic reactions to small movements. Brain Research 36 1 (1972) 59-70
25. Deneve S., Latham P.E., and Pouget A. Efficient computation and cue integration with noisy population codes. Natural Neuroscience 4 8 (2001) 826-831
26. Desmurget M., Epstein C.M., Turner R.S., Prablanc C., Alexander G.E., and Grafton S.T. Role of the posterior parietal cortex in updating reaching movements to a visual target. Natural Neuroscience 2 6 (1999) 563-567
27. Deuel R.K., and Farrar C.A. Stimulus cancellation by macaques with unilateral frontal or parietal lesions. Neuropsychologia 31 1 (1993) 29-38
28. Deuel R.K., and Regan D.J. Parietal hemineglect and motor deficits in the monkey. Neuropsychologia 23 3 (1985) 305-314
29. Duhamel J.R., Bremmer F., BenHamed S., and Graf W. Spatial invariance of visual receptive fields in parietal cortex neurons. Nature 389 6653 (1997) 845-848
30. Ettlinger G., and Kalsbeck J.E. Changes in tactile discrimination and in visual reaching after successive and simultaneous bilateral posterior parietal ablations in the monkey. Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery Psychiatry 25 (1962) 256-268
31. Faugier-Grimaud S., Frenois C., and Peronnet F. Effects of posterior parietal lesions on visually guided movements in monkeys. Experimental Brain Research 59 1 (1985) 125-138
32. Faugier-Grimaud S., Frenois C., and Stein D.G. Effects of posterior parietal lesions on visually guided behavior in monkeys. Neuropsychologia 16 2 (1978) 151-168
33. Ferraina S., Johnson P.B., Garasto M.R., Battaglia-Mayer A., Ercolani L., Bianchi L., Lacquaniti F., and Caminiti R. Combination of hand and gaze signals during reaching: Activity in parietal area 7 m in the monkey. Journal of Neurophysiology 77 2 (1997) 1034-1038
34. Ferraina S., Garasto M.R., Battaglia-Mayer A., Ferraresi P., Johnson P.B., Lacquaniti F., and Caminiti R. Visual control of hand reaching movement: Activity in parietal area 7 m. European Journal of Neuroscience 9 5 (1997) 1090-1095
35. Ferraina S., Battaglia-Mayer A., Genovesio A., Marconi B., Onorati P., and Caminiti R. Early coding of visuomanual coordination during reaching in parietal area PEc. Journal of Neurophysiology 85 1 (2001) 462-465
36. Ferro J.M., Bravo-Marques J.M., Castro-Caldas A., and Antunes L. Crossed optic ataxia: Possible role of the dorsal splenium. Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery and Psychiatry 46 6 (1983) 533-539
37. Fink G.R., and Marshall J.C. Motor aspects of unilateral neglect and related disorders. In: Freund H.J., Jeannerod M., Hallett M., and Leiguarda R. (Eds). Higher-order motor disorders (2005), Oxford University Press, Oxford 273-289
38. Galletti C., Fattori P., Battaglini P.P., Shipp S., and Zeki S. Functional demarcation of a border between areas V6 and V6A in the superior parietal gyrus of the macaque monkey. European Journal of Neuroscience 8 1 (1996) 30-52
39. Georgopoulos A.P., Kalaska J.F., Caminiti R., and Massey J.T. Interruption of motor cortical discharge subserving aimed arm movements. Experimental Brain Research 49 3 (1983) 327-340
40. Georgopoulos A.P., Crutcher M.D., and Schwartz A.B. Cognitive spatial motor processes. 3. Motor cortical prediction of movement direction during an instructed delay period. Experimental Brain Research 75 1 (1989) 183-194
41. Girotti F., Casazza M., Musicco M., and Avanzini G. Oculomotor disorders in cortical lesions in man: The role of unilateral neglect. Neuropsychologia 21 5 (1983) 543-553
42. Grea H., Pisella L., Rossetti Y., Desmurget M., Tilikete C., Grafton S., et al. A lesion of the posterior parietal cortex disrupts on-line adjustments during aiming movements. Neuropsychologia 40 13 (2002) 2471-2480
43. Guigon E., Dorizzi B., Burnod Y., and Schultz W. Neural correlates of learning in the prefrontal cortex of the monkey: A predictive model. Cerebral Cortex 5 2 (1995) 135-147
44. Guldin W.O., and Grusser O.J. Is there a vestibular cortex?. Trends in Neuroscience 21 6 (1998) 254-259
45. Hartje W., and Ettlinger G. Reaching in light and dark after unilateral posterior parietal ablations in the monkey. Cortex 9 (1974) 346-354
46. Hatsopoulos N., Gabbiani F., and Laurent G. Elementary computation of object approach by wide-field visual neuron. Science 270 5238 (1995) 1000-1003
47. Heilman K.M., Bowers D., Coslett H.B., Whelan H., and Watson R.T. Directional hypokinesia: Prolonged reaction times for leftward movements in patients with right hemisphere lesions and neglect. Neurology 35 6 (1985) 855-859
48. Heilman K.M., Valenstein E., and Watson R.T. Neglect and related disorders. Seminars in Neurolology 20 4 (2000) 463-470
49. Hillis A.E., Newhart M., Heidler J., Barker P.B., Herskovits E.H., and Degaonkar M. Anatomy of spatial attention: Insights from perfusion imaging and hemispatial neglect in acute stroke. Journal of Neuroscience 25 12 (2005) 3161-3167
50. Hoshi E., and Tanji J. Differential roles of neuronal activity in the supplementary and presupplementary motor areas: From information retrieval to motor planning and execution. Journal of Neurophysiology 92 6 (2004) 3482-3499
51. Husain M., Mattingley J.B., Rorden C., Kennard C., and Driver J. Distinguishing sensory and motor biases in parietal and frontal neglect. Brain 123 Pt 8 (2000) 1643-1659
52. Husain M., and Rorden C. Non-spatially lateralized mechanisms in hemispatial neglect. Natural Reviews on Neuroscience 4 1 (2003) 26-36
53. Indovina I., Maffei V., Bosco G., Zago M., Macaluso E., and Lacquaniti F. Representation of visual gravitational motion in the human vestibular cortex. Science 308 5720 (2005) 416-419
54. Jackson S.R., Newport R., Mort D., and Husain M. Where the eye looks, the hand follows: Limb-dependent magnetic misreaching in optic ataxia. Current Biology 15 (2005) 42-46
55. Johnson P.B., Ferraina S., Bianchi L., and Caminiti R. Cortical networks for visual reaching: Physiological and anatomical organization of frontal and parietal lobe arm regions. Cerebral Cortex 6 2 (1996) 102-119
56. Judge S., and Rind F. The locust DCMD, a movement-detecting neurone tightly tuned to collision trajectories. Journal of Experimental Biology 200 Pt 16 (1997) 2209-2216
57. Karnath H.O., Ferber S., and Himmelbach M. Spatial awareness is a function of the temporal not the posterior parietal lobe. Nature 411 6840 (2001) 950-953
58. Karnath H.O., Fruhmann Berger M., Kuker W., and Rorden C. The anatomy of spatial neglect based on voxelwise statistical analysis: A study of 140 patients. Cerebral Cortex 14 10 (2004) 1164-1172
59. Karnath H.O., Fruhmann Berger M., Zopf R., and Kuker W. Using SPM normalization for lesion analysis in spatial neglect. Brain 127 Pt 4 (2004) E10 author reply E11
60. Karnath H.O., and Perenin M.T. Cortical control of visually guided reaching: Evidence from patients with optic ataxia. Cerebral Cortex 15 10 (2005) 1561-1569
61. Khan A.Z., Pisella L., Vighetto A., Cotton F., Luaute J., Boisson D., et al. Optic ataxia errors depend on remapped, not viewed, target location. Natural Neuroscience 8 4 (2005) 418-420
62. Koechlin E., Anton J.L., and Burnod Y. Bayesian inference in populations of cortical neurons: A model of motion integration and segmentation in area MT. Biology Cybernautics 80 1 (1999) 25-44
63. Kubota K., and Hamada I. Preparatory activity of monkey piramidal tract neurons related to quick movement onset durino visual tracking performance. Brain Research 168 2 (1979) 435-439
64. Lacquaniti F., Guigon E., Bianchi L., Ferraina S., and Caminiti R. Representing spatial information for limb movement: Role of area 5 in the monkey. Cerebral Cortex 5 5 (1995) 391-409
65. Lacquaniti F., and Maioli C. Adaptation to suppression of visual information during catching. Journal of Neuroscience 9 1 (1989) 149-159
66. Lamotte R.H., and Acuna C. Defects in accuracy of reaching after removal of posterior parietal cortex in monkeys. Brain Research 139 2 (1978) 309-326
67. Lee D., Port N.L., Kruse W., and Georgopoulos A.P. Neuronal clusters in the primate motor cortex during interception of moving targets. Journal of Cognition Neuroscience 13 3 (2001) 319-331
68. Lee D.N. A theory of visual control of braking based on information about time-to-collision. Perception 5 (1976) 437-459
69. Lee D.N. Guiding movement by coupling taus. Ecological psychology 10 (1998) 221-250
70. Lee D.N., and Reddish P.E. Plummeting gannets: A paradigm of ecological optics. Nature 293 (1981) 293-294
71. Leichnetz G.R. Connections of the medial posterior parietal cortex (area 7 m) in the monkey. Anatomical Record 263 2 (2001) 215-236
72. Marconi B., Genovesio A., Battaglia-Mayer A., Ferraina S., Squatrito S., Molinari M., Lacquaniti F., and Caminiti R. Eye-hand coordination during reaching. I. Anatomical relationships between parietal and frontal cortex. Cerebral Cortex 11 6 (2001) 513-527
73. Mascaro M., Battaglia-Mayer A., Nasi L., Amit D.J., and Caminiti R. The eye and the hand: Neural mechanisms and network models for oculomanual coordination in parietal cortex. Cerebral Cortex 13 12 (2003) 1276-1286
74. Matelli M., Govoni P., Galletti C., Kutz D.F., and Luppino G. Superior area 6 afferents from the superior parietal lobule in the macaque monkey. Journal of Comparative Neurology 402 3 (1998) 327-352
75. Matelli, M., & Luppino, G. (1992) Anatomo-functional parcellation of the agranular frontal cortex. In: Caminiti, R., Johnson, P. B., & Burnod, Y. (eds.), Control of arm movement in space. Neurophysiological and computational approaches. Experimental Brain Research Series, 22, 85-101.
76. Mattingley J.B., Bradshaw J.L., and Phillips J.G. Impairments of movement initiation and execution in unilateral neglect. Directional hypokinesia and bradykinesia. Brain 115 Pt 6 (1992) 1849-1874
77. Mattingley J.B., Husain M., Rorden C., Kennard C., and Driver J. Motor role of human inferior parietal lobe revealed in unilateral neglect patients. Nature 392 6672 (1998) 179-182
78. Matsuzaka Y., Aizawa H., and Tanji J. A motor area rostral to the supplementary motor area (pre-supplementary motor area) in the monkey: Neural activity during a learned motor task. Journal of Neurophysiology 68 3 (1992) 653-662
79. McIntyre J., Zago M., Berthoz A., and Lacquaniti F. Does the brain model Newton's laws?. Natural Neuroscience 4 7 (2001) 693-694
80. Merchant H., Battaglia-Mayer A., and Georgopoulos A.P. Effects of optic flow in motor cortex and area 7a. Journal of Neurophysiology 86 4 (2001) 1937-1954
81. Merchant H., Battaglia-Mayer A., and Georgopoulos A.P. Neural responses during interception of real and apparent circularly moving stimuli in motor cortex and area 7a. Cerebral Cortex 14 3 (2004) 314-331
82. Merchant, H., & Georgopoulos, A. P. (2006). Neurophysiology of perceptual and motor aspects of interception, Journal of Neurophysiology 95, 1-13.
83. Mesulam M.M. Spatial attention and neglect: Parietal, frontal and cingulate contributions to the mental representation and attentional targeting of salient extrapersonal events. Philosophical Transactions on Royal Society of Lond B Biologcal Science 354 1387 (1999) 1325-1346
84. Milner A.D., Dijkerman H.C., Pisella L., McIntosh R.D., Tilikete C., Vighetto A., et al. Grasping the past. Delay can improve visuomotor performance. Current Biology 11 23 (2001) 1896-1901
85. Milner A.D., Paulignam Y., Dijkerman H.C., Michel F., and Jeannerod M. A paradoxical improvement of optic ataxia with delay:new evidence for two separate neural systems for visual localization. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B Biology 266 (1999) 225-230
86. Motter B.C., and Mountcastle V.B. The functional properties of the light-sensitive neurons of the posterior parietal cortex studied in waking monkeys: Foveal sparing and opponent vector organization. Journal of Neuroscience 1 1 (1981) 3-26
87. Motter B.C., Steinmetz M.A., Duffy C.J., and Mountcastle V.B. Functional properties of parietal visual neurons: Mechanisms of directionality along a single axis. Journal of Neuroscience 7 1 (1987) 154-176
88. Nagaratnam N., Grice D., and Kalouche H. Optic ataxia following unilateral stroke. Journal of Neuroscience 155 2 (1998) 204-207
89. Niemeier M., and Karnath H.O. Stimulus-driven and voluntary saccades are coded in different coordinate systems. Current Biology 13 7 (2003) 585-589
90. Pandya D.N., and Seltzer B. Intrinsic connections and architectonics of posterior parietal cortex in the rhesus monkey. Journal of Comparitive Neurology 204 2 (1982) 196-210
91. Pelisson D., Prablanc C., Goodale M.A., and Jeannerod M. Visual control of reaching movements without vision of the limb. II. Evidence of fast unconscious processes correcting the trajectory of the hand to the final position of a double-step stimulus. Experimental Brain Research 62 2 (1986) 303-311
92. Perenin M.T., and Vighetto A. Optic ataxia: A specific disruption in visuomotor mechanisms. I. Different aspects of the deficit in reaching for objects. Brain 111 Pt 3 (1988) 643-674
93. Picard N., and Strick P.L. Motor areas of the medial wall: A review of their location and functional activation. Cerebral Cortex 6 3 (1996) 342-353
94. Pierrot-Deseilligny C., Rivaud S., Gaymard B., and Agid Y. Cortical control of reflexive visually-guided saccades. Brain 114 Pt 3 (1991) 1473-1485
95. Pisella L., Grea H., Tilikete C., Vighetto A., Desmurget M., Rode G., et al. An 'automatic pilot' for the hand in human posterior parietal cortex: Toward reinterpreting optic ataxia. Natural Neuroscience 3 7 (2000) 729-736
96. Port N.L., Kruse W., Lee D., and Georgopoulos A.P. Motor cortical activity during interception of moving targets. Journal of Cognition Neuroscience 13 3 (2001) 306-318
97. Pouget A., Deneve S., and Duhamel J.R. A computational perspective on the neural basis of multisensory spatial representations. Natural Review Neuroscience 3 9 (2002) 741-747
98. Pouget A., and Driver J. Relating unilateral neglect to the neural coding of space. Current Opinion Neurobioliology 10 2 (2000) 242-249
99. Pouget A., and Sejnowski T.J. A new view of hemineglect based on the response properties of parietal neurones. Philosophical Transactions on Royal Society of Lond B Biologcal Science 352 1360 (1997) 1449-1459
100. Raffi M., Squatrito S., and Maioli M.G. Neuronal responses to optic flow in the monkey parietal area PEc. Cerebral Cortex 12 6 (2002) 639-646
101. Regan I.I., and Gray I.I. Visually guided collision avoidance and collision achievement. Trends in Cognition Science 4 3 (2000) 99-107
102. Rind F.C., and Simmons P.J. Seeing what is coming: Bulding collision-sensitive neurones. TINS 22 5 (1999) 215-220
103. Rizzolatti G., Gentilucci M., Camarda R.M., Gallese V., Luppino G., Matelli M., and Fogassi L. Neurons related to reaching-grasping arm movement in the rostral part of area 6 (area 6aß). Experimental Brain Research 82 2 (1990) 337-350
104. Rossetti, Y., Pisella, L., & Vighetto, A., Optic ataxia revisited: Visually guided action versus immediate visuomotor behaviour. Experimental Brain Research, 153, 171-179.
105. Rozzi, S., Calzavara, R., Belmalih, A., Borra, E., Gregoriou, G. G., Matelli, M., & Luppino, G., (in press). Cortical connections of the inferior parietal cortical convexity of the macaque monkey. Cerebral Cortex, doi:10.1093/cercor/bhj076.
106. Rushworth M.F., Nixon P.D., and Passingham R.E. Parietal cortex and movement. I. Movement selection and reaching. Experimental Brain Research 117 2 (1997) 292-310
107. Schindler I., Rice N.J., McIntosh R.D., Rossetti Y., Vighetto A., and Milner A.D. Automatic avoidance of obstacles is a dorsal stream function: Evidence from optic ataxia. Nature Neuroscience 7 7 (2004) 779-784
108. Siegel R.M., and Read H.L. Analysis of optic flow in the monkey parietal area 7a. Cerebral Cortex 7 4 (1997) 327-346
109. Steinmetz M.A., Motter B.C., Duffy C.J., and Mountcastle V.B. Functional properties of parietal visual neurons: Radial organization of directionalities within the visual field. Journal of Neuroscience 7 1 (1987) 177-191
110. Stricanne B., Andersen R.A., and Mazzoni P. Eye-centered, head-centered, and intermediate coding of remembered sound locations in area LIP. Journal of Neurophysiology 76 3 (1996) 2071-2076
111. Sun H., and Frost B.J. Computation of different optical variables of looming objects in pigeon nucleus rotundus neurons. Natural Neuroscience 1 4 (1998) 296-303
112. Tanji J., and Evarts E.V. Anticipatory activity in motor cortex neurons in relation to direction of an intended movement. Journal of Neurophysiology 3 5 (1976) 1062-1068
113. Vallar G., Bottini G., and Paulesu E. Neglect syndromes: The role of the parietal cortex. Advantages of Neurology 93 (2003) 293-319
114. Vallar G., and Perani D. The anatomy of unilateral neglect after right-hemisphere stroke lesions. A clinical/CT-scan correlation study in man. Neuropsychologia 24 5 (1986) 609-622
115. Van Donkelaar P., Ji-Hang L., and Drew A.S. Transcranial magnetic stimulation disrupts eye-hand interactions in the posterior parietal cortex. Journal of Neurophysiology 84 (2000) 1677-1680
116. van Sonderen J.F., Gielen C.C., and Denier van der Gon J.J. Motor programmes for goal-directed movements are continuously adjusted according to changes in target location. Experimental Brain Research 78 1 (1989) 139-146
117. Watson R.T., Miller B.D., and Heilman K.M. Non-sensory neglect. Annals of Neurology 3 6 (1978) 505-508
118. Wienrich M., and Wise S.P. The premotor cortex of the monkey. Journal of Neuroscience 2 9 (1982) 1329-1345
119. Wienrich M., Wise S.P., and Mauritz K.-H. A neurophysiological study of premotor cortex in the Rhesus monkey. Brain 107 2 (1984) 385-414
120. Zago M., Bosco G., Maffei V., Iosa M., Ivanenko Y.P., and Lacquaniti F. Internal models of target motion: Expected dynamics overrides measured kinematics in timing manual interceptions. Journal of Neurophysiology 91 4 (2004) 1620-1634