Relating unilateral neglect to the neural coding of space

Current Opinion in Neurobiology

Volumn 10, Issue 2, 2000, Pages 242-249

  Pouget, Alexandre ^a   Driver, Jon ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BRAIN FUNCTION; BRAIN INJURY; HEMISPHERIC DOMINANCE; HUMAN; MOTOR ACTIVITY; NEGLECT; NEUROPSYCHOLOGY; PARIETAL LOBE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW;

EID: 0034029350     PISSN: 09594388     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0959-4388(00)00077-5     Document Type: Review

References (75)

1. Bisiach E., Vallar G. Hemineglect in humans. Boller F., Grafman J. Handbook of Neuropsychology, vol 1. 1988;Elsevier, Amsterdam.
2. Rafal R. Neglect. Curr Opin Neurobiol. 4:1994;231-236.
3. Vallar G. Spatial hemineglect in humans. Trends Cogn Sci. 2:1998;87-97.
4. Driver J., Mattingley J. Parietal neglect and visual awareness. Nat Neurosci. 1:1998;17-22.
5. Kinsbourne M. Orientational bias model of unilateral neglect: evidence from attentional gradients within hemispace. Robertson I., Marshall J. Unilateral Neglect: Clinical and Experimental Studies. 1993;Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
6. Ladavas E., Petronio A., Umilta C. The deployment of visual attention in the intact field of hemineglect patients. Cortex. 26:1990;307-317.
7. Smania N., Martini M., Gambina G., Tomelleri G., Palamara A., Natale E., Marzi C. The spatial distribution of visual attention in hemineglect and extinction patients. Brain. 121:1998;1759-1770.
8. Behrmann M., Watt S., Black S., Barton J. Impaired visual search in patients with unilateral neglect. an oculographic analysis Neuropsychologia. 35:1997;1445-1458.
9. Karnath H., Niemeier M., Dichgans J. Space exploration in neglect. Brain. 121:1998;2357-2367.
10. Pouget A., Deneve S., Sejnowski T. Frames of reference in hemineglect: a computational approach. Prog Brain Res. 121:1999;81-97. The authors present a neural model of hemineglect that relates the behavior of neglect patients to the response of the gain-modulated neurons reported in [25], in the parietal lobe. The model shows, in particular, how a neural lesion can generate a deficit affecting multiple frames of reference simultaneously.
11. Mozer M. Explaining object-based deficits in unilateral neglect without object-based frames of reference. Prog Brain Res. 121:1999;99-119.
12. Rizzolatti G., Berti A. Neglect as a neural representation deficit. Rev Neurol (Paris). 146:1990;626-634.
13. Andersen R., Asanuma C., Essick G., Siegel R. Corticocortical connections of anatomically and physiologically defined subdivisions within the inferior parietal lobule. J Comput Neurosci. 296:1990;65-113.
14. Heilman K., Abell T.V.D. Right hemisphere dominance for attention. the mechanisms underlying hemispheric asymmetries of inattention (neglect) Neurology. 30:1980;327-330.
15. Driver J., Mattingley J., Rorden C., Davis G. Extinction as a paradigm measure of attentional bias and restricted capacity following brain injury. Karnath H., Their P. Parietal Lobe Contributions to Orientation in 3D Space. 1997;401-429 Springer, Berlin.
16. Driver J., Pouget A. Object-centered visual neglect, or relative egocentric neglect? J Cogn Neurosci. 2000;. in press.
17. Gottlieb J., Kusunoki M., Goldberg M. The representation of visual salience in monkey parietal cortex. Nature. 391:1998;481-484. This paper shows that the response of LIP neurons provides a highly selective representation of the current visual scene and corresponds to the stimulus that is most salient for (and most highly attended by) the animal. A pre-existing stimulus that suddenly enters a receptive field, as a result of a saccade, causes little or no response if unattended. If the stimulus was not prexisting, its sudden appearance produces a strong response.
18. Gottlieb J., Goldberg M. Activity of neurons in the lateral intraparietal area of the monkey during an antisaccade task. Nat Neurosci. 2:1999;906-912.
19. Eskandar E., Assad J. Dissociation of visual, motor and predictive signals in parietal cortex during visual guidance. Nat Neurosci. 2:1999;88-93. The authors describe a study in which monkeys were trained to indicate the direction of motion of a visual stimulus by moving a joystick. The stimulus moved either in plain view or behind an occluder, in which case motion direction had to be inferred. The authors report that cells in the medial superior temporal area respond primarily to the visible motion of the stimulus, whereas those in PRR respond before the joystick movements. Surprisingly, the neurons in LIP appear to respond to the inferred motion of the object behind the occluder.
20. Snyder L., Batista A., Andersen R. Coding of intention in the posterior parietal cortex. Nature. 386:1997;167-170.
21. Behrmann, M., Ghiselli-Crippa, T., Sweeney, J., Dimatteo, I., Kass, R.: Gain fields in human parietal cortex as reflected in saccadic reaction time. In Gain Fields Meeting 2000: Monterey, CA.
22. Vuilleumier P., Valenza N., Perrig S., Mayer E., Landis T. To see better to the left when looking more to the right: effects of gaze direction and frame of spatial coordinates in unilateral neglect. J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 5:1999;75-82. This paper shows that whether or not a particular retinal stimulus enters the awareness of neglect patients can depend on eye and head posture. This may relate to the modulation of neural responses to retinal inputs in parietal neurons, as found in the monkey brain.
23. Karnath H., Christ K., Hartje W. Decrease of contralateral neglect by neck muscle vibration and spatial orientation of trunk midline. Brain. 116:1993;383-396.
24. Agliotti S., Smania N., Peru A. Frames of reference for mapping tactile stimuli in brain-damaged patients. J Cogn Neurosci. 11:1999;67-79.
25. Andersen R., Essick G., Siegel R. Encoding of spatial location by posterior parietal neurons. Science. 230:1985;456-458.
26. Deneve S., Pouget A. Neural basis of object-centered representations. Jordan M., Kearns M., Solla S. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, Vol 10. 1998;24-30 MIT Press, Cambridge. The egocentric position of objects in space is believed to be encoded by gain-modulated neurons. This paper suggests that the same principle might be applicable to object-centered representations, and demonstrates how a lesion can lead to object-centered neglect.
27. Driver J. Egocentric and object-based visual neglect. Jeffrey K., O'Keefe J. The Hippocampal and Parietal Foundations of Spatial Cognition. 1999;67-89 Oxford University Press, Oxford.
28. Linden J., Grunewald A., Andersen R. Responses to auditory stimuli in macaque lateral intraparietal area. II: Behavioral modulation. J Neurophysiol. 82:1999;343-358.
29. Grunewald A., Linden J., Andersen R. Responses to auditory stimuli in macaque lateral intraparietal area. I: Effects of training. J Neurophysiol. 82:1999;330-342. This study reports auditory responses in LIP neurons, but notes that these were mainly found in animals trained to make saccades towards auditory targets. This raises the issue of whether the other multimodal responses found in parietal areas may similarly depend on behavioral training, although at least some of these responses have been found in naïve animals.
30. Cohen Y, Andersen R: The parietal reach region (PRR) encodes reaches to auditory targets in an eye-centered reference frame. In Soc Neurosci Abstr 1998, 24 (Part 1):106.3.
31. Duhamel J., Colby C., Goldberg M. Ventral intraparietal area of the macaque. congruent visual and somatic response properties J Neurophysiol. 79:1998;126-136.
32. Bremmer F., Duhamel J-R., Hamed S.B., Graf W. The representation of movement in near extrapersonal space in the macaque ventral intraparietal area. Thier P., Karnath H. Parietal Lobe Contributions to Orientation in 3D Space. 1997;619-630 Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg.
33. Snyder L., Grieve K., Brotchie P., Andersen R. Separate body- and world-referenced representations of visual space in parietal cortex. Nature. 394:1998;887-891. This paper extends the principle of gain modulation in parietal neurons to reveal that area LIP shows gain-modulation by neck-proprioceptive inputs but not by vestibular inputs, and vice-versa for area 7a. This is of particular interest given the effects of such inputs on neglect patients.
34. Bisiach E. The spatial features of unilateral neglect. Their P., Karnath H. Parietal Lobe Contributions to Orientation in 3D Space. 1997;465-495 Springer, Berlin.
35. Driver J., Spence C. Attention and the crossmodal construction of space. Trends Cogn Sci. 7:1998;254-262.
36. Mattingley J., Husain M., Rorden C., Kennard C., Driver J. Motor role of human inferior parietal lobe revealed in unilateral neglect patients. Nature. 392:1998;179-182. This paper shows that contrary to common belief, neglect patients with parietal damage can suffer from motor deficits in addition to their visual deficits. A speeded reaching task is used to show that right parietal patients have a specific difficulty in initiating leftward movements toward left visual field targets. This may relate to the recent discovery of reaching-related activity within the parietal lobe (e.g. see [20]).
37. Ladavas E., Di Pellegrino G., Farne A., Zeloni G. Neuropsychological evidence of an integrated visuotactile representation of peripersonal space in humans. J Cogn Neurosci. 10:1998;581-589. Crossmodal extinction between a right visual event and a left tactile event in right-hemisphere patients is shown to depend on how near the visual event is to the unstimulated right hand. The authors relate this to recent single-cell findings of multimodal cells with spatially corresponding receptive fields in vision and touch, whereby the visual receptive field shifts along with the corresponding body part when that is moved.
38. Di Pellegrino G., Ladavas E., Farne A. Seeing where your hands are. Nature. 388:1997;370.
39. Graziano M., Yap G.S., Gross C. Coding of visual space by premotor neurons. Science. 266:1994;1054-1057.
40. Barbieri C., Renzi E.D. Patterns of neglect dissociations. Behav Neurol. 2:1989;13-24.
41. Rubens A. Caloric stimulation and unilateral visual neglect. Neurology. 35:1985;1019-1024.
42. Karnath H. Neural encoding of space in egocentric coordinates? Evidence for and limits of a hypothesis derived from patients with parietal lesions and neglect. Thier P., Karnath H. Parietal Lobe Contributions to Orientation in 3D Space. 1997;Springer, Berlin.
43. Rossetti Y., Rode G., Pisella L., Farne A., Li L., Boisson D., Perenin M. Prism adaptation to a rightward optical deviation rehabilitates left hemispatial neglect. Nature. 395:1998;166-169. This paper reports that neglect patients show a striking and surprisingly long-lasting (several hours to several days) improvement in neglect after wearing optical prisms that displace the image toward the right during reaching tasks.
44. Li C., Mazzoni P., Andersen R. Effect of reversible inactivation of macaque lateral intraparietal area on visual and memory saccades. J Neurophysiol. 81:1999;1827-1838.
45. Batista A., Buneo C., Snyder L., Andersen R. Reach plans in eye centered coordinates. Science. 285:1999;257-260. A pointing study in humans [75] suggested that motor commands for reaching may be generated in eye-centered coordinates. This study provides physiological evidence consistent with this hypothesis by showing that neurons in the PRR have eye-centered motor fields for reaching.
46. Bisiach E., Geminiani G., Berti A., Rusconi M. Perceptual and premotor factors of unilateral neglect. Neurology. 40:1990;1278-1281.
47. Mesulam M. A cortical network for directed attention and unilateral neglect. Ann Neurol. 4:1981;309-325.
48. Husain M., Mattingley J., Rorden C., Kennard C., Driver J. Distinguishing sensory and motor biases in parietal and frontal neglect. Brain. 2000;. in press.
49. Ro T, Rorden C, Driver J, Rafal R: Ipsilesional biases in saccades but not perception after lesions of the human inferior parietal lobule. In Cogn Neurosci Abstr; 2000:San Francisco.
50. Bock O. Contribution of retinal versus extraretinal signals towards visual localization of goal directed movements. Exp Brain Res. 64:1986;476-482.
51. Enright J. The non-visual impact of eye orientation on eye-hand coordination. Vision Res. 35:1995;1611-1618.
52. Henriques D., Klier E., Smith M., Lowy D., Crawford J. Gaze-centered remapping of remembered visual space in an open-loop pointing task. J Neurosci. 18:1998;1583-1594.
53. Ducom J., Bavelier D., Pouget A. Multisensory integration in retinotopic coordinates. Soc Neurosci Abstr. 25( Part 2):1999;569.9.
54. Vaishnavi S., Calhoun J., Chatterjee A. Crossmodal and sensorimotor integration in tactile awareness. Neurology. 53:1999;1596-1598.
55. Galletti C., Battaglini P., Fattori P. Eye position influence on the parieto-occipital area PO (V6) of the macaque monkey. Eur J Neurosci. 7:1995;2486-2501.
56. Duhamel J., Bremmer F., Ben-Hamed S., Graf W. Spatial invariance of visual receptive fields in parietal cortex neurons. Nature. 389:1997;845-848.
57. Deneve S., Hamed S.B., Bihouee A., Duhamel J., Pouget A. Parietal cells intermediate between two frames of reference. Soc Neurosci Abstr. 2:1999;569.9.
58. Audet T., Bub D., Lecours A. Visual neglect and left-sided context effects. Brain Cogn. 16:1991;11-28.
59. Marzi C., Smania N., Martini M., Gambina G., Tomelleri G., Palamara A., Alessandrini F., Prior M. Implicit redundant-targets effect in visual extinction. Neuropsychologia. 34:1996;9-22.
60. Berti A., Rizzolatti G. Visual processing without awareness: evidence from unilateral neglect. J Cogn Neurosci. 4:1992;345-351.
61. McGlinchey-Berroth R., Milberg W., Verfaellie M., Alexander M., Kilduff P. Semantic processing in the neglected visual field. evidence from a lexical decision task Cog Neuropsychol. 10:1993;79-108.
62. Driver J. What can visual neglect and extinction reveal about the extent of 'preattentive' processing? Kramer A., Cole M., Logan G. Convergent Operations in the Study of Visual Selective Attention, vol 1. 1996;193-224 American Psychology Association Press, Washington, DC.
63. Rees G., Wojciulik E., Clarke K., Husain M., Frith C., Driver J. Unconscious activation of visual cortex in the damaged right-hemisphere of a parietal patient with extinction. Brain. 2000;. in press. This fMRI study shows that contralateral striate and extrastriate brain areas can still be activated by extinguished visual stimuli after right-parietal damage, as can a weak category-specific response to extinguished faces in the right fusiform gyrus.
64. Marzi M., Girelli M., Miniussi C., Smania N., Maravita A. Electrophysiological correlates of conscious vision: evidence from unilateral extinction. J Cogn Neurosci. 2000;. in press. The authors report a pioneering ERP study of visual extinction in a right-hemisphere patient. Early positive and negative ERP components (P1 and N1) in response to visual stimuli were modulated by whether extinction arose on bilateral trials (with only the ipsilesional stimulus being reported), as compared with the same stimulation on trials where the patient was able to report both stimuli consciously.
65. Sagiv N, Vuilleumier P, Swick D: The neural fate of extinguished faces: electrophysiological correlates of conscious and unconscious perception in unilateral spatial neglect. In Cognitive Neuroscience Society Meeting; 2000: San Francisco.
66. Bisiach E. Mental representation in unilateral neglect and related disorders. J Exp Psychol. 46A:1993;435-462.
67. Duncan J., Bundesen C., Olson A., Humphreys G., Chavda S., Shibuya H. Systematic analysis of deficits in visual attention. J Exp Psychol. 2000;. in press. This patient study applies Bundesen's formal theory of visual attention to examine the restricted capacity, and biased 'attentional weights', of patients with unilateral lesions.
68. Halligan P., Marshall J. Left visuo-spatial neglect: a meaningless entity? Cortex. 28:1992;525-535.
69. Humphreys G., Riddoch M. Separate coding of space within and between perceptual objects: evidence from unilateral visual neglect. Cogn Neuropsychol. 12:1995;283-312.
70. Milner A. Neglect, extinction, and the cortical streams of visual processing. Karnath H., Their P. Parietal Lobe Contributions to Orientation in 3D Space. 1997;3-22 Springer, Berlin.
71. Watson R., Valenstein E., Day A., Heilman K. Posterior neocortical systems subserving awareness and neglect. Neglect associated with superior temporal sulcus but not area 7 lesions. Arch Neurol. 51:1994;1014-1021.
72. Rizzolatti G., Camarda R. Neural circuits for spatial attention and unilateral neglect. Jeannerod M. Neurophysiological and Neuropsychological Aspects of Spatial Neglect, vol 45. 1987;289-314 North-Holland, Amsterdam.
73. Gaffan D., Hornak J. Visual neglect in the monkey. Representation and disconnection. Brain. 120:1997;1647-1657.
74. Lomber S., Payne B. Removal of two halves restores the whole: reversal of visual hemineglect during bilateral cortical or collicular inactivation in the cat. Vis Neurosci. 13:1996;1143-1156.
75. Bock O. Contribution of retinal versus extraretinal signals towards visual localization in goal-directed movements. Exp Brain Res. 64:1986;476-482.