Tip-of-the-tongue states as metacognition

Metacognition and Learning

Volumn 1, Issue 2, 2006, Pages 149-158

  Schwartz, Bennett L ^a  

^a FLORIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Feeling of knowing; Memory retrieval; Metacognition; Tip of the tongue states

Indexed keywords

EID: 33749420830     PISSN: 15561623     EISSN: 15561631     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11409-006-9583-z     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. Bacon, E., Schwartz, B. L., Paire-Ficot, L., & Izaute, M. (2006). Dissociation between the cognitive process and the phenomenological experience of the TOT: Effect of the anxiolytic drug lorazepam on TOT states. Consciousness and Cognition. Paper under review.
2. Bahrick, H. (2005). Opening remarks. Paper presented at Memory and Metamemory: Papers in honor of Thomas O. Nelson. Toronto, Canada, November 2005.
3. Brown, A. S. (1991). A review of the tip-of-the-tongue experience. Psychological Bulletin, 109, 204-223.
4. Brown, R., & McNeill, D. (1966). The "tip of the tongue" phenomenon. Journal of Verbal Learning and Behavior, 5, 325-337.
5. Choi, H., & Smith, S. M. (2005). Incubation and the resolution of tip-of-the-tongue states. Journal of General Psychology, 132, 365-376.
6. Faust, M., Dimitrovsky, L., & Davidi, S. (1997). Naming difficulties in language-disabled children: Preliminary findings with the application of the tip-of-the-tongue paradigm. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 40, 1026-1036.
7. Gollan, T., & Acenas, L-A. R. (2004). What is a TOT? Cognate and translation effects on tip-of-the-tongue states in Spanish-English and Tagalog-English bilinguals. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, & Cognition, 30, 246-269.
8. Hamberger, M. J., & Seidel, W. T. (2003). Auditory and visual naming tests: Normative and patient data for accuracy, response time, and tip-of-the-tongue. Journal of International Neuropsycho-logical Society, 9, 479-489.
9. Harley, T. A., & Bown, H. E. (1998). What causes a tip-of-the-tongue state? Evidence for lexical neighbourhood effects in speech production. British Journal of Psychology, 89, 151-174.
10. Jing, L., Niki, K., Xiaoping, Y., & Yue-jia, L. (2004). Knowing that you know and knowing that you don't know: A fMRI study on feeling-of-knowing (FOK). Acta Psychologica Sinica, 36, 426-433.
11. Kikyo, H., Ohki, K., & Sekihara, K. (2001). Temporal chacterization of memory retrieval processes: An fMRI study of the "tip of the tongue" phenomenon. European Journal of Neuroscience, 14, 887-892.
12. Kohn, S. E., Wingfield, A., Menn, L., Goodglass, H., Berko Gleason, J., & Hyde, M. (1987). Lexical retrieval: The tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon. Applied Psycholinguistics, 8, 245-266.
13. Koriat, A. (1993). How do we know that we know? The accessibility account of the feeling of knowing. Psychological Review, 100, 609-639.
14. Koriat, A. (1995). Dissociating knowing and the feeling of knowing: Further evidence for the accessibility model. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 124, 311-333.
15. Lesk, V. E., & Womble, S. P. (2004). Caffeine, priming and tip of the tongue: Evidence for plasticity in the phonological system. Behavioral Neuroscience, 118, 453-461.
16. Litman, J. A., Hutchins, T. L., & Russon, R. K. (2005). Epistemic curiosity, feeling-of-knowing, and exploratory behavior. Cognition and Emotion, 19, 559-582.
17. Maril, A., Simon, J. S., Mitchell, J. P., Schwartz, B. L., & Schacter, D. L. (2003). Feeling-of-knowing in episodic memory: An event-related fMRI study. NeuroImage, 18, 827-836.
18. Maril, A., Simons, J. S., Weaver, J. J., & Schacter, D. L. (2005). Graded recall success: An event-related fMRI comparison of tip of the tongue and feeling of knowing. NeuroImage, 24, 1130-1138.
19. Maril, A., Wagner, A. D., & Schacter, D. L. (2001). On the tip of the tongue: An event-related fMRI study of semantic retrieval failure and cognitive conflict. Neuron, 31, 653-660.
20. Metcalfe, J. (1993). Novelty monitoring, metacognition, and control in a composite holographic associative recall model: Interpretations for Korsakoff amnesia. Psychological Review, 100, 3-22.
21. Metcalfe, J., Schwartz, B. L., & Joaquim, S. G. (1993). The cue familiarity heuristic in metacognition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 19, 851-861.
22. Miozzo, M., & Caramazza, A. (1997). Retrieval of lexical-syntactic features in tip-of-the-tongue states. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 23, 1410-1423.
23. Nelson, T. O. (1996). Consciousness and metacognition. American Psychologist, 51, 102-116.
24. Nelson, T. O. (2000). Consciousness, self-consciousness, and metacognition. Consciousness and Cognition, 9, 220-223.
25. Perfect, T. J., & Hanley, J. R. (1992). The tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon: Do experimenter-presented interlopers have any effect? Cognition, 45, 55-75.
26. Ryan, M. P., Petty, C. R., & Wenzlaff, R. M. (1982). Motivated remembering efforts during tip-of-the-tongue states. Acta Psychologica, 51, 137-147.
27. Schwartz, B. L. (1994). Sources of information in metamemory: Judgments of learning and feelings of knowing. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 1, 357-375.
28. Schwartz, B. L. (1998). Illusory tip-of-the-tongue states. Memory, 6, 623-642.
29. Schwartz, B. L. (1999). Sparkling at the end of the tongue: The etiology of tip-of-the-tongue phenomenology. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 6, 379-393.
30. Schwartz, B. L. (2001). The relation of tip-of-the-tongue states and retrieval time. Memory & Cognition, 29, 117-126.
31. Schwartz, B. L. (2002a). Tip-of-the-tongue states: Phenomenology, mechanism, and lexical retrieval. New Jersey: Erlbaum.
32. Schwartz, B. L. (2002b). The strategic control of retrieval during tip-of-the-tongue states. Korean Journal of Creativity and Problem-Solving, 12, 27-38.
33. Schwartz, B. L., & Frazier, L. D. (2005). Tip-of-the-tongue states and aging: Contrasting psycholinguistic and metacognitive perspective. Journal of General Psychology, 132, 377-391.
34. Schwartz, B. L., & Smith, S. M. (1997). The retrieval of related information influences tip-of-the-tongue states. Journal of Memory and Language, 36, 68-86.
35. Schwartz, B. L., Travis, D. M., Castro, A. M., & Smith, S. M. (2000). The phenomenology of real and illusory tip-of-the-tongue states. Memory & Cognition, 28, 18-27.
36. Smith, S. M. (1994). Frustrated feelings of imminent recall: On the tip-of-the tongue. In J. Metcalfe, & A. P. Shimamura (Eds.), Metacognition: Knowing about knowing (pp. 27-46). Cambridge: MIT.
37. Vigliocco, G., Antonini, T., & Garrett, M. F. (1997). Grammatical gender is on the tip of Italian tongues. Psychological Science, 8, 314-317.
38. Widner, R. L., Otani, H., & Winkelman, S. E. (2005). Tip-of-the-tongue experiences are not merely strong feeling-of-knowing experiences. The Journal of General Psychology, 132, 392-407.
39. Widner, R. L., Smith, S. M., & Graziano, W. G. (1996). The effects of demand characteristics on the reporting of tip-of-the-tongue and feeling-of-knowing states. American Journal of Psychology, 109, 525-538.
40. Yaniv, I., & Meyer, D. E. (1987). Activation and metacognition of inaccessible stored information: Potential bases for incubation effects in problem solving. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 13, 187-205.