HDL and the progression of atherosclerosis: New insights

European Heart Journal, Supplement

Volumn 8, Issue F, 2006, Pages

  Sirtori, Cesare R ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MILAN   (Italy)

^b OSPEDALE NIGUARDA CA GRANDA   (Italy)

Author keywords

Cholesterol pool sizes; Fibrates; HDL cholesterol; HDL mimetics; LDL cholesterol; Nicotinic acid; Statins

Indexed keywords

CHOLESTEROL ESTER TRANSFER PROTEIN; ETC 216; FIBRIC ACID DERIVATIVE; MEVINOLIN; NICOTINIC ACID; TORCETRAPIB;

ATHEROSCLEROSIS; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; CLINICAL TRIAL; FAMILIAL HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA; HUMAN; PATHOGENESIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; RISK REDUCTION;

EID: 33749002532     PISSN: 1520765X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/sul034     Document Type: Review

References (46)

1. Gordon T, Castelli WP, Hjortland MC, Kannel WB, Dawber TR. High density lipoprotein as a protective factor against coronary heart disease. Am J Med 1977;62:707-714.
2. Sharrett AR, Ballantyne CM, Coady SA, Heiss G, Sorlie PD, Catellier D, Patsch W. Coronary heart disease prediction from lipoprotein cholesterol levels, triglycerides, lipoprotein (a), apolipoprotein A-I and B, and HDL density subfractions. Circulation 2001;104:1108-1113.
3. Sirtori CR, Fumagalli R. LDL-cholesterol lowering or HDL-cholesterol raising for cardiovascular prevention. A lesson from cholesterol turnover studies and others. Atherosclerosis 2006;186:1-11.
4. Olsson AG, Schwartz GG, Szarek M, Sasiela WJ, Ezekowitz MD, Ganz P, Oliver MF, Waters D, Zeiher A. High-density lipoprotein, but not low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels influence short-term prognosis after acute coronary syndrome: results from the MIRACL trial. Eur Heart J 2005;26:890-896.
5. Chapman MJ, Assmann G, Fruchart JC, Shepherd J, Sirtori C, European Consensus Panel on HDL-C. Raising high-density lipoprotein cholesterol with reduction of cardiovascular risk: the role of nicotinic acid - a position paper developed by the European Consensus Panel on HDL-C. Curr Med Res Opin 2004;20:1253-1268.
6. Ridker PM, Rifai N, Cook NR, Bradwin G, Buring JE. Non-HDL cholesterol, apolipoproteins A-I and B100, standard lipid measures, lipid ratios, and CRP as risk factors for cardiovascular disease in women. JAMA 2005;295:326-333.
7. Hausmann D, Johnson JA, Sudhir K, Mullen WL, Friedrich G, Fitzgerald PJ, Chou TM, Ports TA, Kane JP, Malloy MJ, Yock PG. Angiographically silent atherosclerosis detected by intravascular ultrasound in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia and familial combined hyperlipidemia: correlation with high density lipoproteins. J Am Coll Cardiol 1996;27:1562-1570.
8. Baldassarre D, Amato M, Pustina L, Tremoli E, Sirtori CR, Calabresi L, Franceschini G. Increased carotid artery intima-media thickness in subjects with primary hypoalphalipoproteinemia. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2002;22:317-322.
9. Bisoendial RJ, Hovingh GK, Levels JH, Lerch PG, Andresen I, Hayden MR, Kastelein JJ, Stroes ES. Restoration of endothelial function by increasing high-density lipoprotein in subjects with isolated low high-density lipoprotein. Circulation 2003;107:2944-2948.
10. Pirro M, Siepi D, Lupattelli G, Roscini AR, Schillaci G, Gemelli F, Vaudo G, Marchesi S, Pasqualini L, Mannarino E. Plasma C-reactive protein in subjects with hypo/hyperalphalipoproteinemias. Metabolism 2003;52:432-436.
11. Sampietro T, Bigazzi F, Dal Pino B, Fusaro S, Greco F, Tuoni M, Bionda A. Increased plasma C-reactive protein in familial hypoalphalipoproteinemia: a proinflammatory condition? Circulation 2002;105:11-14.
12. Calabresi L, Gomaraschi M, Franceschini G. Endothelial protection by high-density lipoproteins: from bench to bedside. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2003;23:1724-1731.
13. Chiesa G, Monteggia E, Marchesi M, Lorenzon P, Laucello M, Lorusso V, Di Mario C, Karvouni E, Newton R, Bisgaier CL, Franceschini G, Sirtori CR. Recombinant apolipoprotein A-I Milano infusion into rabbit carotid artery rapidly removes lipid from fatty streaks. Circ Res 2002;90:974-980.
14. Nissen SE, Tsunoda T, Tuzcu EM, Schoenhagen P, Cooper CJ, Yasin M, Eaton GM, Lauer MA, Sheldon WS, Grines CL, Halpern S, Crowe T, Blankenship JC, Kerensky R. Effect of recombinant ApoA-I Milano on coronary atherosclerosis in patients with acute coronary syndromes: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2003;290:2292-2300.
15. Nissen SE, Tuzcu EM, Schoenhagen P, Crowe T, Sasiela WJ, Tsai J, Orazem J, Magorien RD, O'Shaughnessy C, Ganz P. Reversal of Atherosclerosis with Aggressive Lipid Lowering (REVERSAL) Investigators. Statin therapy, LDL cholesterol, C-reactive protein, and coronary artery disease. N Engl J Med 2005;352:29-38.
16. Rodrigueza WV, Klimuk SK, Pritchard PH, Hope MJ. Cholesterol mobilization and regression of atheroma in cholesterol-fed rabbits induced by large unilamellar vesicles. Biochim Biophys Acta 1998;1368:306-320.
17. Li X, Chyu KY, Faria Neto JR, Yano J, Nathwani N, Ferreira C, Dimayuga PC, Cercek B, Kaul S, Shah PK. Differential effects of apolipoprotein A-I mimetic peptide on evolving and established atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-null mice. Circulation 2004;110:1701-1705.
18. McDonald DL, Terry TL, Agellong LB, Nation PN, Francis GA. Administration of tyrosyl radical-oxidized HDL inhibits the development of atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2003;23:1583-1588.
19. Taylor AJ, Sullenberger LE, Lee HJ, Lee JK, Grace KA. Arterial Biology for the Investigation of the Treatment Effects of Reducing Cholesterol (ARBITER 2): a double-blind, placebo-controlled study of extended-release niacin on atherosclerosis progression in secondary prevention patients treated with statins. Circulation 2004;110:3512-3517.
20. Whitney EJ, Krasuski RA, Personius BE, Michalek JE, Maranian AM, Kolasa MW, Monik E, Brown G, Gotto AM Jr. A randomized trial of a strategy for increasing high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels: effects on progression of coronary heart disease and clinical events. Ann Intern Med 2005;142:95-104.
21. Chapman MJ. Fibrates in 2003: therapeutic action in atherogenic dyslipidaemia and future perspectives. Atherosclerosis 2003;171:1-13.
22. Delerive P, Fruchart J-C, Staels B. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors in inflammation control. J Endocrinol 2001;169:453-459.
23. Barter PJ, Brewer HB Jr, Chapman MJ, Hennekens CH, Rader DJ, Tall AR. Cholesteryl ester transfer protein: a novel target for raising HDL and inhibiting atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2003;23:160-167.
24. Grundy SM, Bilheimer DW. Inhibition of 3-hydroxy-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase by mevinolin in familial hypercholesterolemia heterozygotes: effects on cholesterol balance. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1984;81:2538-2542.
25. Goldberg IJ, Holleran S, Ramakrishnan R, Adams M, Palmer RH, Dell RB, DeWitt SG. Lack of effect of lovastatin therapy on the parameters of whole-body cholesterol metabolism. J Clin Invest 1990;86:801-808.
26. Duane WC. Effects of lovastatin and dietary cholesterol on sterol homeostasis in healthy human subjects. J Clin Invest 1993;92:911-918.
27. Reihner E, Rudling M, Stahlberg D, Berglund L, Ewerth S, Bjorkhem I, Einarsson K, Angelin B. Influence of pravastatin, a specific inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase, on hepatic metabolism of cholesterol. N Engl J Med 1990;323:224-228.
28. Eriksson M, Carlson LA, Miettinen TA, Angelin B. Stimulation of fecal steroid excretion after infusion of recombinant proapolipoprotein A-I. Potential reverse cholesterol transport in humans. Circulation 1999;100:594-598.
29. Nanjee MN, Cooke CJ, Garvin R, Semeria F, Lewis G, Olszewski WL, Miller NE. Intravenous apoA-I/lecithin discs and stimulated reverse cholesterol transport in humans. J Lipid Res 2001;42:1586-1593.
30. Brousseau ME, Diffenderfer MR, Millar JS, Nartsupha C, Asztalos BF, Welty FK, Wolfe ML, Rudling M, Bjorkhem I, Angelin B, Mancuso JP, Digenio AG, Rader DJ, Schaefer EJ. Effects of cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibition on high-density lipoprotein subspecies, apolipoprotein A-I metabolism, and fecal sterol excretion. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2005;25:1057-1064.
31. Kudchodkar BJ, Sodhi HS, Horlick L, Mason DT. Mechanisms of hypolipidemic action of nicotinic acid. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1978;24:354-373.
32. McKenney J. New perspectives on the use of niacin in the treatment of lipid disorders. Arch Intern Med 2004;164:697-705.
33. Tunaru S, Kero J, Schaub A, Wufka C, Blaukat A, Pfeffer K, Offermanns S. PUMA-G and HM74 are receptors for nicotinic acid and mediate its anti-lipolytic effect. Nature Med 2003;9:352-355.
34. Karpe F, Frayn KN. The nicotinic acid receptor - a new mechanism for an old drug. Lancet 2004;363:1892-1894.
35. Meyers CD, Kamanna VS, Kashyap ML. Niacin therapy in atherosclerosis. Curr Opinion Lipidol 2004;15:659-665.
36. Benyó ZM, Gille A, Kero J, Csiky M, Suchánková MC, Nüsing RM, Moers A, Pfeffer K, Offermanns S. GPR109A (PUMA-G/HM74A) mediates nicotinic acid-induced flushing. J Clin Invest 2005;115:3634-3640.
37. Fuccella L, Goldaniga G, Lovisolo P, Maggi E, Musatti L, Mandelli V, Sirtori CR. Inhibition of lipolysis by nicotinic acid and by acipimox. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1980;28:790-795.
38. Sirtori CR, Gianfranceschi G, Sirtori M, Bernini F, Descovich G, Montaguti U, Fuccella LM, Musatti L. Reduced triglyceridemia and increased high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels after treatment with acipimox, a new inhibitor of lipolysis. Atherosclerosis 1981;38:267-271.
39. Franceschini G, Bernini F, Michelagnoli S, Bellosta S, Vaccarino V, Fumagalli R, Sirtori CR. Lipoprotein changes and increased affinity of LDL for their receptors after acipimox treatment in hypertriglyceridemia. Atherosclerosis 1990;81:41-49.
40. Lena Vega G, Cater NB, Meguro S, Grundy SM. Influence of extended-release nicotinic acid on nonesterified fatty acid flux in the metabolic syndrome with atherogenic dyslipidemia. Am J Cardiol 2005;95:1309-1313.
41. Rubic T, Trottmann M, Lorenz RL. Stimulation of CD36 and the key effector of reverse cholesterol transport ATP-binding cassette A1 in monocytoid cells by niacin. Biochem Pharmacol 2004;67:411-419.
42. Sone H, Shimano H, Shu M, Nakakuki M, Takahashi A, Sakai M, Sakamoto Y, Yokoo T, Matsuzaka K, Okazaki H, Nakagawa Y, Iida KT, Suzuki H, Toyoshima H, Horiuchi S, Yamada N. Statins downregulate ATP-binding-cassette transporter A1 gene expression in macrophages. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2004;316:790-794.
43. Watt MJ, Southgate RJ, Holmes AG, Febbraio MA. Suppression of plasma free fatty acids upregulates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) alpha and delta and PPAR coactivator 1alpha in human skeletal muscle, but not lipid regulatory genes. J Mol Endocrinol 2004;33:533-544.
44. Tang Y, Zhou L, Gunnet JW, Wines PG, Cryan EV, Demarest KT. Enhancement of arachidonic acid signaling pathway by nicotinic acid receptor HM74A. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006;345:29-37.
45. Knowles HJ, te Poele RH, Workman P, Harris AL. Niacin induces PPAR-gamma expression and transcriptional activation in macrophages via HM74 and HM74a-mediated induction of prostaglandin synthesis pathways. Biochem Pharmacol 2006;71:646-656.
46. Sirtori CR, Galli C, Franceschini G. Fraudulent (and non-fraudulent) fatty acids for human health. Eur J Clin Invest 1993;23:686-689.