Stabilizing effect of precontracted neck musculature in whiplash

Spine

Volumn 31, Issue 20, 2006, Pages

  Stemper, Brian D ^a,b   Yoganandan, Narayan ^a   Cusick, Joseph F ^a   Pintar, Frank A ^a  

^a CLEMENT J ZABLOCKI VETERANS AFFAIRS MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^b MEDICAL COLLEGE OF WISCONSIN   (United States)

Author keywords

Biomechanics; Cervical spine; Facet joints; Neck muscles; Whiplash

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; CERVICAL SPINE; COMPUTER MODEL; COMPUTER SIMULATION; JOINT CAPSULE; LIGAMENT INJURY; MUSCLE CONTRACTION; MUSCLE REFLEX; NECK MUSCLE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SOFT TISSUE INJURY; SPINE STABILIZATION; SYMPTOM; VALIDATION PROCESS; WHIPLASH INJURY;

ACCIDENTS, TRAFFIC; AWARENESS; BIOMECHANICS; CERVICAL VERTEBRAE; COMPUTER SIMULATION; HEAD; HUMANS; JOINT INSTABILITY; MODELS, BIOLOGICAL; MUSCLE CONTRACTION; MUSCLE, SKELETAL; NECK; REFLEX, STRETCH; WHIPLASH INJURIES;

EID: 33748853705     PISSN: 03622436     EISSN: 15281159     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/01.brs.0000240210.23617.e7     Document Type: Article

References (68)

1. Pobereskin LH. Whiplash following rear end collisions: a prospective cohort study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2005;76:1146-51.
2. Guez M, Hildingsson C, Nilsson M, et al. The prevalence of neck pain. Acta Orthop Scand 2002;73:455-9.
3. Sterner Y, Toolanen G, Gerdle B, et al. The incidence of whiplash trauma and the effects of different factors on recovery. J Spinal Disord Tech 2003;16:195-9.
4. Stemper BD, Yoganandan N, Gennarelli TA, et al. Localized cervical facet joint kinematics under physiological and whiplash loading. J Neurosurg Spine 2005;3:471-6.
5. Sturzenegger M, DiStefano G, Radanov BP, et al. Presenting symptoms and signs after whiplash injury: the influence of accident mechanisms. Neurology 1994;44:688-93.
6. Hendriks EJ, Scholten-Peeters GG, van der Windt DA, et al. Prognostic factors for poor recovery in acute whiplash patients. Pain 2005;114:408-16.
7. Awerbuch MS. Whiplash in Australia: illness or injury? Med J Aust 1992;157:193-6.
8. Brault J, Siegmund G, Wheeler J. Cervical muscle response during whiplash: evidence of a lengthening muscle contraction. Clin Biomech 2000;15:426-35.
9. Magnusson ML, Pope MH, Hasselquist L, et al. Cervical electromyographic activity during low-speed rear impact. Eur Spine J 1999;8:118-25.
10. Siegmund GP, King DJ, Lawrence JM, et al. Head/neck kinematic response of human subjects in low-speed rear-end collisions. 41st Stapp Car Crash Conference, Lake Buena Vista, FL, 1997:357-85.
11. Stemper BD, Yoganandan N, Rao RD, et al. Reflex muscle contraction in the unaware occupant in whiplash injury. Spine 2005;30:2794-8.
12. Cusick JF, Pintar FA, Yoganandan N. Whiplash syndrome: kinematic factors influencing pain patterns. Spine 2001;26:1252-8.
13. Deng B, Begeman PC, Yang KY, et al. Kinematics of human cadaver cervical spine during low speed rear-end impacts. Stapp Car Crash J 2000;44:171-88.
14. Grauer JN, PanjabiMM,Cholewicki J, et al. Whiplash produces an S-shaped curvature of the neck with hyperextension at lower levels. Spine 1997;22:2489-94.
15. Panjabi MM, Cholewicki J, Nibu K, et al. Mechanism of whiplash injury. Clin Biomech 1998;13:239-49.
16. Stemper BD, Yoganandan N, Pintar FA. Gender dependent cervical spine segmental kinematics during whiplash. J Biomech 2003;36:1281-9.
17. Siegmund GP, Brault JR. Role of cervical muscles during whiplash. In: Yoganandan N, Pintar F, eds. Frontiers in Whiplash Trauma: Clinical & Biomechanical. Amsterdam, The Netherlands, IOS Press, 2000:295-320.
18. Kumar S, Narayan Y, Amell T. Role of awareness in head-neck acceleration in low velocity rear-end impacts. Accid Anal Prev 2000;32:233-41.
19. Ono K, Kanno M. Influences of the physical parameters on the risk to neck injuries in low impact speed rear-end collisions. Accid Anal Prev 1996;28:493-9.
20. Siegmund GP, Sanderson DJ, Myers BS, et al. Awareness affects the response of human subjects exposed to a single whiplash-like perturbation. Spine 2003;28:671-9.
21. Mertz HJ, Patrick LM. Investigation of the kinematics and kinetics of whiplash. 11th Stapp Car Crash Conference. Anaheim, CA: Society of Automotive Engineers, 1967:267-317.
22. Siegmund GP, Myers BS, Davis MB, et al. Mechanical evidence of cervical facet capsule injury during whiplash: a cadaveric study using combined shear, compress, and extension loading. Spine 2001;26:2095-101.
23. Winkelstein BA, Nightingale RW, Richardson WJ, et al. The cervical facet capsule and its role in whiplash injury. Spine 2000;25:1238-46.
24. Barnsley L, Lord SM, Wallis BJ, et al. The prevalence of chronic cervical zygapophyseal joint pain after whiplash. Spine 1995;20:20-6.
25. Pearson AM, Ivancic PC, Ito S, et al. Facet joint kinematics and injury mechanisms during simulated whiplash. Spine 2004;29:390-7.
26. Stemper BD, Yoganandan N, Pintar FA. Gender- and region-dependent local facet joint kinematics in rear impact: implications in whiplash injury. Spine 2004;29:1764-71.
27. Happee R, Hoofman M, van den Kroonenberg AJ, et al. A mathematical human body model for frontal and rearward seated automotive impact loading. 42nd Stapp Car Crash Conference, Tempe, AZ, 1998:75-88.
28. van den Kroonenberg AJ, Thunnissen J, Wismans J. A Human Model for Low-Severity RearIimpacts. Hannover, Germany: International Research Council on the Biomechanics of Impact, 1997:117-32.
29. Stemper BD, Yoganandan N, Pintar FA. Validation of a head-neck computer model for whiplash simulation. Med Biol Eng Comput 2004;42:333-8.
30. Pintar FA. The biomechanics of spinal elements [PhD thesis]. Milwaukee, Marquette University, 1986.
31. Yoganandan N, Pintar FA, Kumaresan S, et al. Biomechanical assessment of human cervical spine ligaments. 42nd Stapp Car Crash Conference, Tempe, AZ, 1998:223-36.
32. Moroney S, Schultz A, Miller J, et al. Load-displacement properties of lower cervical spine motion segments. J Biomech 1988;21:769-79.
33. Pintar FA, Myklebust J, Sances A Jr, et al. Biomechanical Properties of the Human Intervertebral Disk in Tension. New York: ASME Adv Bioeng, 1986:38-9.
34. Eberlein R, Frohlich M, Hasler EM. Finite-element analysis of intervertebral discs. European Conference on Computation Mechanics, Munich, 1999.
35. van der Horst MJ. Human head neck response in frontal, lateral and rear end impact loading: modeling and validation [PhD thesis]. Eindhoven, The Netherlands: Technical University of Eindhoven, 2002.
36. Deng YC, Goldsmith W. Response of a human head/neck/upper-torso replica to dynamic loading: II. Analytical/numerical model. J Biomech 1987;20:487-97.
37. Davidsson J, Deutscher C, Hell W, et al. Human Volunteer Kinematics in Rear-End Sled Collisions. Goteborg, Sweden: International Research Council on the Biomechanics of Impact, 1998:289-301.
38. Ivancic PC, Pearson AM, Panjabi MM, et al. Injury of the anterior longitudinal ligament during whiplash simulation. Eur Spine J 2004;13:61-8.
39. Winters JM, Woo WLY. Multiple Muscle Systems: Biomechanics and Movement Organization. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1990.
40. Winters JM, Stark L. Estimated mechanical properties of synergistic muscles involved in movements of a variety of human joints. J Biomech 1988;21:1027-41.
41. Cole G, van den Bogert A, Herzog W, et al. Modeling of force production in skeletal muscle undergoing stretch. J Biomech 1996;29:1091-104.
42. de Jager M. Mathematical head-neck models for acceleration impacts [PhD thesis]. Eindhoven, The Netherlands: Technical University of Eindhoven, 1996.
43. Takeshima T, Omokawa S, Takaoka T, et al. Sagittal alignment of cervical flexion and extension. Spine 2002;27:E348-55.
44. Siegmund GP, Sanderson DJ, Myers BS, et al. Rapid neck muscle adaptation alters the head kinematics of aware and unaware subjects undergoing multiple whiplash-like perturbations. J Biomech 2003;36:473-82.
45. Szabo TJ, Welcher JB. Human subject kinematics and electromyographic activity during low speed rear impacts. 40th Stapp Car Crash Conference, Albuquerque, NM, 1996:295-315.
46. Hell W, Schick S, Langwieder K. Epidemiology of cervical spine injuries in rear-end collisions and influence of different anthropometric parameters in human volunteer tests. In: Yoganandan N, Pintar FA eds. Frontiers in Whiplash Trauma: Clinical & Biomechanical. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: IOS Press, 2000:146-63.
47. Temming J, Zobel R. Neck distortion injuries in road traffic crashes (Analysis of the Volkswagen database). In: Yoganandan N, Pintar F, eds. Frontiers in Whiplash Trauma: Clinical & Biomechanical. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: IOS Press, 2000:118-33.
48. Spitzer WO, Skovron ML, Salmi LR, et al. Scientific monograph of the Quebec task force on whiplash-associated disorders: redefining 'whiplash' and its management. Spine 1995;20(suppl 8):3-73.
49. Radanov BP, Sturzenegger M, DiStefano G. Long-term outcome after whiplash injury: a 2-year follow-up considering features of accident mechanism and somatic, radiologic and psychosocial findings. Medicine 1995;74:281-97.
50. Cassidy JD, Carroll LJ, Cote P, et al. Effect of eliminating compensation for pain and suffering on the outcome of insurance claims for whiplash injury. N Engl J Med 2000;342:1179-86.
51. Borchgrevink GE, Kaasa A, McDonagh D, et al. Acute treatment of whiplash neck sprain injuries. Spine 1998;23:25-31.
52. Hohl M. Soft tissue injuries of the neck in automobile accidents: factors influencing prognosis. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1974;56:1675-82.
53. Norris SH, Watt I. The prognosis of neck injuries resulting from rear-end vehicle collisions. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1983;65:608-11.
54. Olsson I, Bunketorp O, Carlsson G, et al. An In-Depth Study of Neck Injuries in Rear End Collisions. Bron, France: International Research Council on the Biomechanics of Impact, 1990:13-9.
55. Stemper BD, Yoganandan N, Pintar FA. Effect of head restraint backset on head-neck kinematics in whiplash. Accid Anal Prev 2006;38:317-23.
56. Stemper BD, Yoganandan N, Pintar FA. Effects of abnormal posture on capsular ligament elongations in a computational model subjected to whiplash loading. J Biomech 2005;38:1313-23.
57. Ohtori S, Takahashi K, Chiba T, et al. Sensory innervation of the cervical facet joints in rats. Spine 2001;26:147-50.
58. Beaman DN, Graziano GP, Glover RA, et al. Substance P innervation of lumbar spine facet joints. Spine 1993;18:1044-9.
59. Kallakuri S, Singh A, Chen C, et al. Demonstration of substance p, calcitonin gene-related peptide, and protein gene product 9.5 containing nerve fibers in human cervical facet joint capsules. Spine 2004;29:1182-6.
60. Giles LG, Harvey AR. Immunohistochemical demonstration of nociceptors in the capsule and synovial folds of human zygapophyseal joints. Br J Rheumatol 1987;26:362-4.
61. Lee KE, Thinnes JH, Gokhin DS, et al. A novel rodent neck pain model of facet-mediated behavioral hypersensitivity: implications for persistent pain and whiplash injury. J Neurosci Methods 2004;137:151-9.
62. States JD, Balcerak JC, Williams JS. Injury frequency and head restraint effectiveness in rear-end impact accidents. 16th Stapp Car Crash Conferrence, New York: Society of Automotive Engineers, 1972:228-57.
63. O'Neill B, Haddon W, Kelley A, et al. Automobile head restraints: frequency of neck injury claims in relation to the presence of head restraints. Am J Public Health 1972;62:399-406.
64. Kahane C. An Evaluation of Head Restraints: Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard 202. Springfield, VA: National Technical Information Service, 1982.
65. Lubin S, Sehmer J. Are automobile head restraints used effectively? Can Fam Physician 1993;39:1584-8.
66. Minton R, Murray P, Stephenson W, et al. Whiplash: are current head restraints doing their job. Accid Anal Prev 2000;32:177-85.
67. Young AL, Ragel BT, Su E, et al. Assessing automobile head restraint positioning in Portland, Oregon. Inj Prev 2005;11:97-101.
68. Ono K, Kaneoka K, Wittek A, et al. Cervical injury mechanism based on the analysis of human cervical vertebral motion and head-neck-torso kinematics during low speed rear impacts. 41st Stapp Car Crash Conference, Lake Buena Vista, FL, 1997:339-56.