Effect of head restraint backset on head-neck kinematics in whiplash

Accident Analysis and Prevention

Volumn 38, Issue 2, 2006, Pages 317-323

  Stemper, Brian D ^a   Yoganandan, Narayan ^a   Pintar, Frank A ^a  

^a CLEMENT J ZABLOCKI VETERANS AFFAIRS MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

Automotive injury; Backset; Computer simulation; Head restraint; Retraction; Whiplash

Indexed keywords

COMPUTER SIMULATION; KINETIC ENERGY; MATHEMATICAL MODELS; MEDICAL PROBLEMS;

AUTOMOTIVE INJURY; BACKSET; HEAD RESTRAINT; RETRACTION; WHIPLASH;

HIGHWAY ACCIDENTS;

ARTICLE; BIOMECHANICS; CERVICAL SPINE; COMPUTER SIMULATION; EXERCISE; HEAD; HELMET; HUMAN; INJURY; MOTION; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; THEORETICAL MODEL; WHIPLASH INJURY;

BIOMECHANICS; CERVICAL VERTEBRAE; COMPUTER SIMULATION; HEAD; HEAD PROTECTIVE DEVICES; HUMANS; MODELS, THEORETICAL; MOTION; RESTRAINT, PHYSICAL; WHIPLASH INJURIES;

EID: 31044445815     PISSN: 00014575     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2005.10.005     Document Type: Article

References (55)

1. J.I. Balla The late whiplash syndrome: a study of an illness in Australia and Singapore ANZ J. Surg. 50 1980 610 614
2. L. Barnsley, S.M. Lord, B.J. Wallis, and N. Bogduk The prevalence of chronic cervical zygapophyseal joint pain after whiplash Spine 20 1995 20 26
3. N. Bogduk An overview of whiplash N. Yoganandan F. Pintar Frontiers in Whiplash Trauma: Clinical & Biomechanical 2000 IOS Press The Netherlands 3 9
4. J.D. Cassidy, L.J. Carroll, P. Cote, M. Lemstra, A. Berglund, and A. Nygren Effect of eliminating compensation for pain and suffering on the outcome of insurance claims for whiplash injury N. Engl. J. Med. 342 2000 1179 1186
5. J.F. Cusick, F.A. Pintar, and N. Yoganandan Whiplash syndrome: kinematic factors influencing pain patterns Spine 26 2001 1252 1258
6. B. Deng, P.C. Begeman, K.Y. Yang, A.I. King, and S. Tashman Kinematics of human cadaver cervical spine during low speed rear-end impacts Stapp Car Crash J. 44 2000 171 188
7. Y.C. Deng, and W. Goldsmith Response of a human head/neck/upper-torso replica to dynamic loading. II. Analytical/numerical model J. Biomech. 20 1987 487 497
8. Eberlein, R., Frohlich M., Hasler E.M., 1999. Finite-element analysis of intervertebral discs. In: European Conference on Computation Mechanics.
9. C.R. Estep, A.K. Lund, and D.T. Vann Measurement and Evaluation of Head Restraints in 1995 Vehicles 1995 Insurance Institute for Highway Safety Arlington, VA
10. C.M. Farmer, J.K. Wells, and A.K. Lund Effects of head restraint and seat redesign on neck injury risk in rear-end crashes Traffic Inj. Prev. 4 2003 83 90
11. T. Garcia, and B. Ravani A biomechanical evaluation of whiplash using a multi-body dynamic model J. Biomech. Eng. 125 2003 254 265
12. J.N. Grauer, M.M. Panjabi, J. Cholewicki, K. Nibu, and J. Dvorak Whiplash produces an S-shaped curvature of the neck with hyperextension at lower levels Spine 22 1997 2489 2494
13. Happee, R., Hoofman M., van den Kroonenberg A.J., Morsink P., 1998. A mathematical human body model for frontal and rearward seated automotive impact loading. In: 42nd Stapp Car Crash Conf., Tempe, AZ, pp. 75-88.
14. S. Harder, M. Veilleus, and S. Suissa The effect of socio-demographic and crash-related factors on the prognosis of whiplash J. Clin. Epidemiol. 51 1998 377 384
15. C. Hildingsson, and G. Toolanen Outcome after soft-tissue injury of the cervical spine: a prospective study of 93 car-accident victims Acta Orthop. Scand. 61 1990 357 359
16. M. Hohl Soft tissue injuries of the neck in automobile accidents: factors influencing prognosis J. Bone Joint Surg. 56A 1974 1675 1682
17. R.M. Johnson, D.L. Hart, E.F. Simmons, G.R. Ramsby, and W.O. Southwick Cervical orthoses: a study comparing their effectiveness in restricting cervical motion in normal subjects J. Bone Joint Surg. 59-a 1977 332 339
18. H. Jonsson, K. Cesarini, B. Sahlstedt, and W. Rauschning Findings and outcome in whiplash-type neck distortions Spine 19 1994 2733 2743
19. Kahane, C., 1982. An evaluation of head restraints-federal motor vehicle safety standard 202. Springfield, VA: National Technical Information Service, NHTSA. Report No.: DOTHS-806 108.
20. K. Kaneoka, K. Ono, S. Inami, and K. Hayashi Motion analysis of cervical vertebrae during whiplash loading Spine 24 1999 763 770
21. M. Karlsborg, A. Smed, H. Jespersen, S. Stephensen, M. Cortsen, P. Jennum, M. Herning, E. Korfitsen, and L. Werdelin A prospective study of 39 patients with whiplash injury Acta Neurol. Scand. 95 1997 65 72
22. Kleinberger, M., Sun E., Saunders J., Zhou Z., 1999. Effects of head restraint position on neck injury in rear impact. In: World Congress on Whiplash and Associated Disorders, Vancouver, British Colombia, pp. 361-390.
23. E. Kristjansson, and H. Jonsson Is the sagittal configuration of the cervical spine changed in women with chronic whiplash syndrome? A comparative computer-assisted radiographic assessment J. Manipulative Physiol. Ther. 25 2002 550 555
24. E. Kristjansson, G. Leivseth, P. Brinckmann, and W. Frobin Increased sagittal plane segmental motion in the lower cervical spine in women with chronic whiplash-associated disorders Spine 28 2003 2215 2221
25. Linder, A., Olsson T., Truedsson N., Morris A., Fildes B., Sparke L., 2001. Dynamic performances of different seat designs for low to medium velocity rear impact. In: 45th Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine, San Antonio, TX, pp. 187-201.
26. S. Lubin, and J. Sehmer Are automobile head restraints used effectively Can. Fam. Physician 39 1993 1584 1588
27. R. Mayou, and B. Bryant Outcome of 'whiplash' neck injury Injury 27 1996 617 623
28. R. Minton, P. Murray, W. Stephenson, and C.S.B. Galasko Whiplash injury - are current head restraints doing their job Accid. Anal. Prev. 32 2000 177 185
29. S. Moroney, A. Schultz, J. Miller, and G. Andersson Load-displacement properties of lower cervical spine motion segments J. Biomech. 21 1988 769 779
30. C.R. Morris, A.K. Lund, and D.T. Vann Measurement and Evaluation of Head Restraints in 1997 Vehicles: Procedures and Detailed Results 1998 Insurance Institute for Highway Safety Arlington, VA
31. S.H. Norris, and I. Watt The prognosis of neck injuries resulting from rear-end vehicle collisions J. Bone Joint Surg. 65B 1983 608 611
32. B. O'Neill, W. Haddon, A. Kelley, and W. Sorenson Automobile head restraints: frequency of neck injuries insurance claims in relation to the presence of head restraints Am. J. Public Health 62 1972 569 573
33. L. Penning Acceleration injury of the cervical spine by hypertranslation of the head. Part I. Effect of normal translation of the head on cervical spine motion: a radiological study Eur. Spine J. 1 1992 7 12
34. Pintar, F.A., 1986. The biomechanics of spinal elements [PhD Thesis]. Milwaukee, WI: Marquette University.
35. F.A. Pintar, J. Myklebust, A. Sances Jr., and N. Yoganandan Biomechanical Properties of the Human Intervertebral Disk in Tension 1986 ASME Adv Bioeng New York, NY pp. 38-39
36. Severy, D.M., Brink H.M., Baird J.D., 1968. Backrest and head restraint design for rear-end collision protection. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers. Report No.: SAE Paper # 680079.
37. G.P. Siegmund, B.E. Heinrichs, and J.B. Wheeler The infulence of head restraint position and occupant factors on peak head/neck kinematics in low-speed rear-end collisions Accid. Anal. Prev. 31 1999 393 407
38. W.O. Spitzer, M.L. Skovron, L.R. Salmi, J.D. Cassidy, J. Duranceau, S. Suissa, and E. Zeiss Scientific monograph of the Quebec task force on whiplash-associated disorders: redefining "whiplash" and its management Spine 20 1995 3 73
39. States, J.D., Balcerak J.C., Williams J.S., 1972. Injury frequency and head restraint effectiveness in rear-end impact accidents. In: 16th Stapp Car Crash Conf., New York, pp. 228-257.
40. B.D. Stemper, N. Yoganandan, and F.A. Pintar Gender dependent cervical spine segmental kinematics during whiplash J. Biomech. 36 2003 1281 1289
41. B.D. Stemper, N. Yoganandan, and F.A. Pintar Gender- and region-dependent local facet joint kinematics in rear impact: implications in whiplash injury Spine 29 2004 1764 1771
42. B.D. Stemper, N. Yoganandan, and F.A. Pintar Validation of a head-neck computer model for whiplash simulation Med. Biol. Eng. Comput. 42 2004 333 338
43. B.D. Stemper, N. Yoganandan, and F.A. Pintar Effects of abnormal posture on capsular ligament elongations in a computational model subjected to whiplash loading J. Biomech. 38 2005 1313 1323
44. Stemper, B.D., Yoganandan N., Pintar F.A., Rao R.D., 2005b. Reflex muscle contraction in the unaware occupant in whiplash injury. Spine 30 (24), in press.
45. M.Y. Svensson, P. Lovsund, Y. Haland, and S. Larsson The influence of seat-back and head-restraint properties on the head-neck motion during rear-impact Accid. Anal. Prev. 28 1996 221 227
46. T.J. Szabo, D.P. Voss, and J.B. Welcher Influence of seat foam and geometrical properties on BioRID P3 kinematic response to rear impacts Traffic Inj. Prev. 4 2003 315 323
47. A.F. Tencer, S. Mirza, and K. Bensel Internal loads in the cervical spine during motor vehicle rear-end impacts Spine 27 2002 34 42
48. A.F. Tencer, S.K. Mirza, and K. Bensel The response of human volunteers to rear-end impacts: the effect of head restraint properties Spine 26 2001 2432 2442
49. van den Kroonenberg, A.J., Thunnissen J., Wismans J., 1997. A human model for low-severity rear-impacts. In: International Research Council on the Biomechanics of Impact IRCOBI, Hannover, Germany, pp. 117-132.
50. van der Horst, M.J., 2002. Human head neck response in frontal, lateral and rear end impact loading-modeling and validation [PhD Thesis]. Eindhoven, The Netherlands: Technical University of Eindhoven.
51. D.C. Viano, and S. Olsen The effectiveness of active head restraint in preventing whiplash J. Trauma 51 2001 959 969
52. N. Yoganandan, J.F. Cusick, F.A. Pintar, and R.D. Rao Whiplash injury determination with conventional spine imaging and cryomicrotomy Spine 26 2001 2443 2448
53. N. Yoganandan F.A. Pintar Frontiers in Whiplash Trauma: Clinical & Biomechanical 2000 IOS Press The Netherlands 590
54. N. Yoganandan, F.A. Pintar, J. Butler, J. Reinartz, A. Sances Jr., and S.J. Larson Dynamic response of human cervical spine ligaments Spine 14 1989 1102 1110
55. A.L. Young, B.T. Ragel, E. Su, C.N. Mann, and E.H. Frank Assessing automobile head restraint positioning in Portland Oregon. Inj. Prev. 11 2005 97 101