메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 36, Issue 9, 2006, Pages 318-331

Traumatic Brain Injury: A Primer for Primary Care Physicians

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADENOSINE; ADRENOMEDULLIN; ANTICONVULSIVE AGENT; ANTIOXIDANT; DEXANABINOL; ENDOTHELIN 1; FOSPHENYTOIN SODIUM; GLUTAMIC ACID; INTERLEUKIN 1BETA CONVERTING ENZYME; MANNITOL; NEURON SPECIFIC ENOLASE; NITRIC OXIDE; PENTOBARBITAL; PHOSPHOLIPASE A2; PROCALCITONIN; PROSTAGLANDIN SYNTHASE; PROTEIN BCL 2; PROTEIN S100B; SODIUM CHLORIDE; VASCULOTROPIN;

EID: 33748690298     PISSN: 15385442     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.cppeds.2006.05.004     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (18)

References (46)
  • 1
    • 33748687083 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Centers for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta GA Retrieved from www.cdc.gov, December 2005.
    • National Centers for Injury Prevention and Control. Traumatic brain injury in the United States: assessing outcomes in children (2003), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta GA. http://www.cdc.gov Retrieved from www.cdc.gov, December 2005.
    • (2003) Traumatic brain injury in the United States: assessing outcomes in children
  • 2
    • 24944535467 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hospitalizations for critically ill children with traumatic brain injuries: a longitudinal analysis
    • Tilford J.M., Aitken M.E., Anand J.S., Green J.W., Goodman A.C., Parker J.G., et al. Hospitalizations for critically ill children with traumatic brain injuries: a longitudinal analysis. Crit Care Med 33 (2005) 2074-2081
    • (2005) Crit Care Med , vol.33 , pp. 2074-2081
    • Tilford, J.M.1    Aitken, M.E.2    Anand, J.S.3    Green, J.W.4    Goodman, A.C.5    Parker, J.G.6
  • 3
    • 24944563966 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Severe traumatic brain injury in children: the good, the bad, and the ugly
    • Goldstein B. Severe traumatic brain injury in children: the good, the bad, and the ugly. Crit Care Med 33 (2005) 2140-2141
    • (2005) Crit Care Med , vol.33 , pp. 2140-2141
    • Goldstein, B.1
  • 4
    • 23944440238 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Performance of pediatric Glasgow coma scale in children with blunt head trauma
    • Holmes J.F., Palchak M.J., MacFarlane T., and Kupperman N. Performance of pediatric Glasgow coma scale in children with blunt head trauma. Acad Emerg Med 12 (2005) 814-819
    • (2005) Acad Emerg Med , vol.12 , pp. 814-819
    • Holmes, J.F.1    Palchak, M.J.2    MacFarlane, T.3    Kupperman, N.4
  • 5
    • 22244457032 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Basic principles of cerebrospinal fluid metabolism and intracranial pressure homeostasis
    • Han C.Y., and Backous D.D. Basic principles of cerebrospinal fluid metabolism and intracranial pressure homeostasis. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 38 (2005) 569-576
    • (2005) Otolaryngol Clin North Am , vol.38 , pp. 569-576
    • Han, C.Y.1    Backous, D.D.2
  • 6
    • 20444500936 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Primer on medical management of severe brain injury
    • Vincent J.L., and Berre J. Primer on medical management of severe brain injury. Crit Care Med 33 (2005) 1392-1399
    • (2005) Crit Care Med , vol.33 , pp. 1392-1399
    • Vincent, J.L.1    Berre, J.2
  • 7
    • 0037968674 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Traumatic brain injury in infants and children-mechanisms of secondary damage and treatment in the intensive care unit
    • Bayir H., Kochanek P.M., and Clark R.S. Traumatic brain injury in infants and children-mechanisms of secondary damage and treatment in the intensive care unit. Crit Care Clin 19 (2003) 529-549
    • (2003) Crit Care Clin , vol.19 , pp. 529-549
    • Bayir, H.1    Kochanek, P.M.2    Clark, R.S.3
  • 9
    • 0031440062 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebrovascular response in infants and young children following severe traumatic brain injury: a preliminary report
    • Adelson P.D., Clyde B., Kochanek P.M., et al. Cerebrovascular response in infants and young children following severe traumatic brain injury: a preliminary report. Pediatr Neurosurg 26 (1997) 200-207
    • (1997) Pediatr Neurosurg , vol.26 , pp. 200-207
    • Adelson, P.D.1    Clyde, B.2    Kochanek, P.M.3
  • 10
    • 0038775950 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endothelin-1 is increased in cerebrospinal fluid following traumatic brain injury in children
    • Ruppel R.A., Kochanek P.M., Adelson P.D., et al. Endothelin-1 is increased in cerebrospinal fluid following traumatic brain injury in children. Abstr Soc Neurosci 26 (2000) 1325
    • (2000) Abstr Soc Neurosci , vol.26 , pp. 1325
    • Ruppel, R.A.1    Kochanek, P.M.2    Adelson, P.D.3
  • 11
    • 0002552581 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biochemical, cellular and molecular mechanisms in the evolution of secondary damage after severe TBI in infants and children: Lessons learned from the bedside
    • Kochanek P.M., Clark R.S., Ruppel R.A., et al. Biochemical, cellular and molecular mechanisms in the evolution of secondary damage after severe TBI in infants and children: Lessons learned from the bedside. Pediatr Crit Care Med 1 (2000) 4-19
    • (2000) Pediatr Crit Care Med , vol.1 , pp. 4-19
    • Kochanek, P.M.1    Clark, R.S.2    Ruppel, R.A.3
  • 12
    • 12444292256 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute traumatic brain injury in children: exploring the cutting edge in understanding, therapy and research
    • Kennedy C.S., and Moffatt M. Acute traumatic brain injury in children: exploring the cutting edge in understanding, therapy and research. Clin Pediatr Emerg Med 5 (2004) 224-238
    • (2004) Clin Pediatr Emerg Med , vol.5 , pp. 224-238
    • Kennedy, C.S.1    Moffatt, M.2
  • 13
    • 0035145555 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Excitatory amino acid concentrations in ventricular cerebrospinal fluid after severe traumatic brain injury in infants and children: the role of child abuse
    • Ruppel R.A., Kochanek P.M., Adelson P.O., et al. Excitatory amino acid concentrations in ventricular cerebrospinal fluid after severe traumatic brain injury in infants and children: the role of child abuse. J Pediatr 138 (2001) 18-25
    • (2001) J Pediatr , vol.138 , pp. 18-25
    • Ruppel, R.A.1    Kochanek, P.M.2    Adelson, P.O.3
  • 14
    • 0036296789 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Critical mechanisms of secondary injury damage after inflicted head injury in infants and children
    • Ruppel R.A., Clark R.S., Bayir H., et al. Critical mechanisms of secondary injury damage after inflicted head injury in infants and children. Neurosurg Clin North Am 13 (2002) 169-182
    • (2002) Neurosurg Clin North Am , vol.13 , pp. 169-182
    • Ruppel, R.A.1    Clark, R.S.2    Bayir, H.3
  • 15
    • 10744225620 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vascular endothelial growth factor is increased in cerebrospinal fluid after TBI in infants and children
    • Shore P.M., Jackson E.K., Wisniewski S.R., et al. Vascular endothelial growth factor is increased in cerebrospinal fluid after TBI in infants and children. Neurosurgery 54 (2004) 605-612
    • (2004) Neurosurgery , vol.54 , pp. 605-612
    • Shore, P.M.1    Jackson, E.K.2    Wisniewski, S.R.3
  • 16
    • 0033388098 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Failure of the competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonist Selfotel (CGS 19755) in the treatment of severe head injury: results of two phase III clinical trials
    • The Selfotel Investigators
    • Morris G.F., Bullock R., Marshall S.B., et al., The Selfotel Investigators. Failure of the competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonist Selfotel (CGS 19755) in the treatment of severe head injury: results of two phase III clinical trials. J Neurosurg 91 (1999) 737-743
    • (1999) J Neurosurg , vol.91 , pp. 737-743
    • Morris, G.F.1    Bullock, R.2    Marshall, S.B.3
  • 17
    • 0033838399 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increases in bcl-2 protein in cerebrospinal fluid and evidence for programmed cell death in infants and children after severe traumatic brain injury
    • Clark R.S., Kochanek P.M., Adelson P.D., et al. Increases in bcl-2 protein in cerebrospinal fluid and evidence for programmed cell death in infants and children after severe traumatic brain injury. J Pediatr 137 (2000) 197-204
    • (2000) J Pediatr , vol.137 , pp. 197-204
    • Clark, R.S.1    Kochanek, P.M.2    Adelson, P.D.3
  • 18
    • 0030014264 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebrospinal fluid and plasma nitrite and nitrate concentrations after head injury in humans
    • Clark R.S.B., Kochanek P.M., Obrist W.D., et al. Cerebrospinal fluid and plasma nitrite and nitrate concentrations after head injury in humans. Crit Care Med 24 (1996) 1243-1251
    • (1996) Crit Care Med , vol.24 , pp. 1243-1251
    • Clark, R.S.B.1    Kochanek, P.M.2    Obrist, W.D.3
  • 19
    • 0035696441 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The duality of the inflammatory response to traumatic brain injury
    • Lenzlinger P.M., Morganti-Kossmann M.C., Laurer H.L., et al. The duality of the inflammatory response to traumatic brain injury. Mol Neurobiol 24 (2001) 169-181
    • (2001) Mol Neurobiol , vol.24 , pp. 169-181
    • Lenzlinger, P.M.1    Morganti-Kossmann, M.C.2    Laurer, H.L.3
  • 20
    • 0141532242 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A decision rule for identifying children at low risk for brain injuries after blunt head trauma
    • Palchak M.J., Holmes J.F., Vance C.W., Gelber R.E., Schauer B.A., Harrison M.J., et al. A decision rule for identifying children at low risk for brain injuries after blunt head trauma. Ann Emerg Med 42 (2003) 492-506
    • (2003) Ann Emerg Med , vol.42 , pp. 492-506
    • Palchak, M.J.1    Holmes, J.F.2    Vance, C.W.3    Gelber, R.E.4    Schauer, B.A.5    Harrison, M.J.6
  • 21
    • 5144227413 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Loss of consciousness: when to perform computed tomography
    • Halley M.K., Silva P.D., Foley J., et al. Loss of consciousness: when to perform computed tomography. Pediatr Crit Care Med 5 (2004) 230-233
    • (2004) Pediatr Crit Care Med , vol.5 , pp. 230-233
    • Halley, M.K.1    Silva, P.D.2    Foley, J.3
  • 22
    • 0026573375 scopus 로고
    • The diagnosis of head injury requires a classification based on computed axial tomography
    • Marshall L.F., Bowers Marshall S., Klauber M.R., Clark M., Eisenberg H., Jane J., et al. The diagnosis of head injury requires a classification based on computed axial tomography. J Neurotrauma 9 Suppl. 1 (1992) S287-S291
    • (1992) J Neurotrauma , vol.9 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Marshall, L.F.1    Bowers Marshall, S.2    Klauber, M.R.3    Clark, M.4    Eisenberg, H.5    Jane, J.6
  • 23
    • 0033995420 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temporal profile of release of neurobiochemical markers of brain damage after TBI is associated with intracranial pathology as demonstrated in cranial computerized tomography
    • Herrmann M., Jost S., Kutz S., et al. Temporal profile of release of neurobiochemical markers of brain damage after TBI is associated with intracranial pathology as demonstrated in cranial computerized tomography. J Neurotrauma 17 (2000) 113-122
    • (2000) J Neurotrauma , vol.17 , pp. 113-122
    • Herrmann, M.1    Jost, S.2    Kutz, S.3
  • 24
    • 0035000152 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • S-100B reflects the extent of injury and outcome, whereas neuronal specific enolase is a better indicator of neuroinflammation in patients with severe TBI
    • Pleines U.E., Morganti-Kossmann M.C., Rancan M., et al. S-100B reflects the extent of injury and outcome, whereas neuronal specific enolase is a better indicator of neuroinflammation in patients with severe TBI. J Neurotrauma 18 (2001) 491-498
    • (2001) J Neurotrauma , vol.18 , pp. 491-498
    • Pleines, U.E.1    Morganti-Kossmann, M.C.2    Rancan, M.3
  • 25
    • 0037790974 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guidelines for the acute medical management of severe traumatic brain injury in infants, children and adolescents
    • Adelson P.D., Bratton S.L., Carney N.A., Chesnut R.M., duCondray H.E., Goldstein B., et al. Guidelines for the acute medical management of severe traumatic brain injury in infants, children and adolescents. Crit Care Med 31 (2003) S417-S488
    • (2003) Crit Care Med , vol.31
    • Adelson, P.D.1    Bratton, S.L.2    Carney, N.A.3    Chesnut, R.M.4    duCondray, H.E.5    Goldstein, B.6
  • 26
    • 85009033027 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guidelines for the acute medical management of severe traumatic brain injury in infants, children and adolescents. Chapter 2: Trauma systems, pediatric trauma centers, and the neurosurgeon
    • Adelson P.D., Bratton S.L., Carney N.A., Chesnut R.M., duCondray H.E., Goldstein B., et al. Guidelines for the acute medical management of severe traumatic brain injury in infants, children and adolescents. Chapter 2: Trauma systems, pediatric trauma centers, and the neurosurgeon. Crit Care Med 31 (2003) S421-S423
    • (2003) Crit Care Med , vol.31
    • Adelson, P.D.1    Bratton, S.L.2    Carney, N.A.3    Chesnut, R.M.4    duCondray, H.E.5    Goldstein, B.6
  • 27
    • 0038128620 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guidelines for the acute medical management of severe traumatic brain injury in infants, children and adolescents. Chapter 4: Resuscitation of blood pressure and oxygenation and pre-hospital brain specific therapies for the severe pediatric traumatic brain injury patient
    • Adelson P.D., Carney N.A., Chesnut R.M., duCondray H.E., Goldstein B., et al. Guidelines for the acute medical management of severe traumatic brain injury in infants, children and adolescents. Chapter 4: Resuscitation of blood pressure and oxygenation and pre-hospital brain specific therapies for the severe pediatric traumatic brain injury patient. Crit Care Med 31 (2003) S428-S434
    • (2003) Crit Care Med , vol.31
    • Adelson, P.D.1    Carney, N.A.2    Chesnut, R.M.3    duCondray, H.E.4    Goldstein, B.5
  • 28
    • 1342315864 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guidelines for the acute medical management of severe traumatic brain injury in infants, children and adolescents. Chapter 5: Indications for intracranial pressure monitoring in pediatric patients with severe traumatic brain injury
    • Adelson P.D., Carney N.A., Chesnut R.M., duCondray H.E., Goldstein B., et al. Guidelines for the acute medical management of severe traumatic brain injury in infants, children and adolescents. Chapter 5: Indications for intracranial pressure monitoring in pediatric patients with severe traumatic brain injury. Crit Care Med 31 (2003) S435-S439
    • (2003) Crit Care Med , vol.31
    • Adelson, P.D.1    Carney, N.A.2    Chesnut, R.M.3    duCondray, H.E.4    Goldstein, B.5
  • 29
    • 0038805565 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guidelines for the acute medical management of severe traumatic brain injury in infants, children and adolescents. Chapter 6: Threshold for treatment of intracranial hypertension
    • Adelson P.D., Carney N.A., Chesnut R.M., duCondray H.E., Goldstein B., et al. Guidelines for the acute medical management of severe traumatic brain injury in infants, children and adolescents. Chapter 6: Threshold for treatment of intracranial hypertension. Crit Care Med 31 (2003) S441-S443
    • (2003) Crit Care Med , vol.31
    • Adelson, P.D.1    Carney, N.A.2    Chesnut, R.M.3    duCondray, H.E.4    Goldstein, B.5
  • 30
    • 21644485775 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What is the optimal cerebral perfusion pressure in children suffering from traumatic coma?
    • Chambers I.R., and Kirkham F.J. What is the optimal cerebral perfusion pressure in children suffering from traumatic coma?. Neurosurgery Focus 15 6 (2003)
    • (2003) Neurosurgery Focus , vol.15 , Issue.6
    • Chambers, I.R.1    Kirkham, F.J.2
  • 31
    • 0023626732 scopus 로고
    • Outcome after severe head injury. Relationship to mass lesions, diffuse injury and intracranial pressure course in pediatric and adult patients
    • Alberico A.M., Ward J.D., Choi S.C., et al. Outcome after severe head injury. Relationship to mass lesions, diffuse injury and intracranial pressure course in pediatric and adult patients. J Neurosurg 67 (1987) 648-656
    • (1987) J Neurosurg , vol.67 , pp. 648-656
    • Alberico, A.M.1    Ward, J.D.2    Choi, S.C.3
  • 32
    • 0037790935 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guidelines for the acute medical management of severe traumatic brain injury in infants, children and adolescents. Chapter 12: Use of hyperventilation in the acute management of severe pediatric traumatic brain injury
    • Adelson P.D., Carney N.A., Chesnut R.M., duCondray H.E., Goldstein B., et al. Guidelines for the acute medical management of severe traumatic brain injury in infants, children and adolescents. Chapter 12: Use of hyperventilation in the acute management of severe pediatric traumatic brain injury. Crit Care Med 31 (2003) S461-S464
    • (2003) Crit Care Med , vol.31
    • Adelson, P.D.1    Carney, N.A.2    Chesnut, R.M.3    duCondray, H.E.4    Goldstein, B.5
  • 33
    • 0038467609 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guidelines for the acute medical management of severe traumatic brain injury in infants, children and adolescents. Chapter 7: Intracranial pressure monitoring technology
    • Adelson P.D., Carney N.A., Chesnut R.M., duCondray H.E., Goldstein B., et al. Guidelines for the acute medical management of severe traumatic brain injury in infants, children and adolescents. Chapter 7: Intracranial pressure monitoring technology. Crit Care Med 31 (2003) S444-S446
    • (2003) Crit Care Med , vol.31
    • Adelson, P.D.1    Carney, N.A.2    Chesnut, R.M.3    duCondray, H.E.4    Goldstein, B.5
  • 34
    • 1842557843 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Traumatic brain and spinal cord injury
    • Dias M.S. Traumatic brain and spinal cord injury. Pediatr Clin North Am 51 (2004) 271-303
    • (2004) Pediatr Clin North Am , vol.51 , pp. 271-303
    • Dias, M.S.1
  • 35
    • 0034045382 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The early assessment and intensive care unit management of patients with severe traumatic brain and spinal cord injuries
    • viii-ix.
    • King B.S., Gupta R., and Narayan R.K. The early assessment and intensive care unit management of patients with severe traumatic brain and spinal cord injuries. Surg Clin North Am 80 (2000) 855-870 viii-ix.
    • (2000) Surg Clin North Am , vol.80 , pp. 855-870
    • King, B.S.1    Gupta, R.2    Narayan, R.K.3
  • 36
    • 0034015866 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of hypertonic saline in the treatment of severe refractory post-traumatic intracranial hypertension in pediatric traumatic brain injury
    • Khanna S., David D., Peterson B., Fisher B., Tung H., O'Quigley J., et al. Use of hypertonic saline in the treatment of severe refractory post-traumatic intracranial hypertension in pediatric traumatic brain injury. Crit Care Med 28 (2000) 1144-1151
    • (2000) Crit Care Med , vol.28 , pp. 1144-1151
    • Khanna, S.1    David, D.2    Peterson, B.3    Fisher, B.4    Tung, H.5    O'Quigley, J.6
  • 37
    • 0038805562 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guidelines for the acute medical management of severe traumatic brain injury in infants, children and adolescents. Chapter 11: Use of hyperosmolar therapy in the management of severe pediatric traumatic brain injury
    • Adelson P.D., Carney N.A., Chesnut R.M., duCondray H.E., Goldstein B., et al. Guidelines for the acute medical management of severe traumatic brain injury in infants, children and adolescents. Chapter 11: Use of hyperosmolar therapy in the management of severe pediatric traumatic brain injury. Crit Care Med 31 (2003) S456-S460
    • (2003) Crit Care Med , vol.31
    • Adelson, P.D.1    Carney, N.A.2    Chesnut, R.M.3    duCondray, H.E.4    Goldstein, B.5
  • 38
    • 0037247573 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Promising strategies to minimize secondary brain injury after head trauma
    • Bayir H., Clark R.S., and Kochanek P.M. Promising strategies to minimize secondary brain injury after head trauma. Crit Care Med 31 (2003) S112-S117
    • (2003) Crit Care Med , vol.31
    • Bayir, H.1    Clark, R.S.2    Kochanek, P.M.3
  • 39
    • 1342315864 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guidelines for the acute medical management of severe traumatic brain injury in infants, children and adolescents. Chapter 19: The role of anti-seizure prophylaxis following severe pediatric traumatic brain injury
    • Adelson P.D., Carney N.A., Chesnut R.M., duCondray H.E., Goldstein B., et al. Guidelines for the acute medical management of severe traumatic brain injury in infants, children and adolescents. Chapter 19: The role of anti-seizure prophylaxis following severe pediatric traumatic brain injury. Crit Care Med 31 (2003) S488-S490
    • (2003) Crit Care Med , vol.31
    • Adelson, P.D.1    Carney, N.A.2    Chesnut, R.M.3    duCondray, H.E.4    Goldstein, B.5
  • 40
    • 0038467560 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guidelines for the acute medical management of severe traumatic brain injury in infants, children and adolescents. Chapter 17: Critical pathway for the treatment of established intracranial hypertension in pediatric traumatic brain injury
    • Adelson P.D., Carney N.A., Chesnut R.M., duCondray H.E., Goldstein B., et al. Guidelines for the acute medical management of severe traumatic brain injury in infants, children and adolescents. Chapter 17: Critical pathway for the treatment of established intracranial hypertension in pediatric traumatic brain injury. Crit Care Med 31 (2003) S481-S483
    • (2003) Crit Care Med , vol.31
    • Adelson, P.D.1    Carney, N.A.2    Chesnut, R.M.3    duCondray, H.E.4    Goldstein, B.5
  • 42
    • 0036310012 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Survival and functional outcome in pediatric traumatic brain injury: a retrospective review and analysis of predictive factors
    • Hackbarth R.M., Rzeszutko K.M., Sturm G., Denders J., Kuldanek A.S., and SanFilippo D.J. Survival and functional outcome in pediatric traumatic brain injury: a retrospective review and analysis of predictive factors. Crit Care Med 30 (2002) 1630-1635
    • (2002) Crit Care Med , vol.30 , pp. 1630-1635
    • Hackbarth, R.M.1    Rzeszutko, K.M.2    Sturm, G.3    Denders, J.4    Kuldanek, A.S.5    SanFilippo, D.J.6
  • 43
    • 33748687083 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Division of Injury and disability Outcomes and Programs, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA Retrieved from www.cdc.gov, March 2006.
    • National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Division of Injury and disability Outcomes and Programs. Traumatic Brain Injury in the United States: Assessing Outcomes in Children (2003), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA. http://www.cdc.gov Retrieved from www.cdc.gov, March 2006.
    • (2003) Traumatic Brain Injury in the United States: Assessing Outcomes in Children
  • 44
    • 0030959652 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decompressive bifrontal craniectomy in the treatment of severe refractory post traumatic cerebral edema
    • Polin R.S., Shaffrey M.E., Bogaev C.A., et al. Decompressive bifrontal craniectomy in the treatment of severe refractory post traumatic cerebral edema. Neurosurgery 41 (1997) 84-92
    • (1997) Neurosurgery , vol.41 , pp. 84-92
    • Polin, R.S.1    Shaffrey, M.E.2    Bogaev, C.A.3
  • 46
    • 0038298223 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnosis and management of physical abuse in children
    • Lane W.G. Diagnosis and management of physical abuse in children. Clin Family Prac 5 (2003) 493-514
    • (2003) Clin Family Prac , vol.5 , pp. 493-514
    • Lane, W.G.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.