메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 60, Issue 6, 2006, Pages 778-784

Health-dependent vulnerability to predation affects escape responses of unguarded chinstrap penguin chicks

Author keywords

Antipredatory behavior; Fear; Health condition; Immunocompetence; Penguins; Prey vulnerability

Indexed keywords

ANTIPREDATOR DEFENSE; BIRD; ESCAPE BEHAVIOR; HEALTH RISK; PREDATION RISK; VULNERABILITY;

EID: 33748655853     PISSN: 03405443     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00265-006-0221-1     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (33)

References (59)
  • 1
    • 0036426264 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A model for the evolution of crèching behaviour in gulls
    • Besnard A, Gimenez O, Lebreton JD (2002) A model for the evolution of crèching behaviour in gulls. Evol Ecol 16:489-503
    • (2002) Evol Ecol , vol.16 , pp. 489-503
    • Besnard, A.1    Gimenez, O.2    Lebreton, J.D.3
  • 2
    • 0001147121 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Feeding behaviour, size asymmetry, and food distribution in Magellanic penguin (Spheniscus magellanicus) chicks
    • Blanco DE, Yorio P, Boersma PD (1996) Feeding behaviour, size asymmetry, and food distribution in Magellanic penguin (Spheniscus magellanicus) chicks. Auk 113:496-498
    • (1996) Auk , vol.113 , pp. 496-498
    • Blanco, D.E.1    Yorio, P.2    Boersma, P.D.3
  • 3
    • 0242275389 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Flight initiation distance in birds is dependent on intruder starting distance
    • Blumstein DT (2003) Flight initiation distance in birds is dependent on intruder starting distance. J Wildl Manage 67:852-857
    • (2003) J Wildl Manage , vol.67 , pp. 852-857
    • Blumstein, D.T.1
  • 4
    • 0033596110 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunocompetence of nestling great tits in relation to rearing environment and parentage
    • Brinkhof MWG, Heeb P, Kolliker M, Richner H (1999) Immunocompetence of nestling great tits in relation to rearing environment and parentage. Proc R Soc Lond B 266:2315-2322
    • (1999) Proc R Soc Lond B , vol.266 , pp. 2315-2322
    • Brinkhof, M.W.G.1    Heeb, P.2    Kolliker, M.3    Richner, H.4
  • 5
    • 0001392054 scopus 로고
    • Discrimination of the threat of direct versus tangential approach to the nest by incubating herring and great black-backed gulls
    • Burger J, Gochfeld M (1981) Discrimination of the threat of direct versus tangential approach to the nest by incubating herring and great black-backed gulls. J Comp Physiol Psychol 95:676-684
    • (1981) J Comp Physiol Psychol , vol.95 , pp. 676-684
    • Burger, J.1    Gochfeld, M.2
  • 6
    • 0000806055 scopus 로고
    • Avian time budgets and distance to cover
    • Caraco T, Martindale S, Pulliam HR (1980) Avian time budgets and distance to cover. Auk 97:872-875
    • (1980) Auk , vol.97 , pp. 872-875
    • Caraco, T.1    Martindale, S.2    Pulliam, H.R.3
  • 7
    • 0031201666 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glucocorticoids as immunosuppressive agents
    • Cohn LA (1997) Glucocorticoids as immunosuppressive agents. Sem Vet Med Surg Small Anim 12:150-156
    • (1997) Sem Vet Med Surg Small Anim , vol.12 , pp. 150-156
    • Cohn, L.A.1
  • 9
    • 0028177013 scopus 로고
    • Flocking is an effective anti-predation strategy in redshanks, Tringa totanus
    • Cresswell W (1994a) Flocking is an effective anti-predation strategy in redshanks, Tringa totanus. Anim Behav 47:433-442
    • (1994) Anim Behav , vol.47 , pp. 433-442
    • Cresswell, W.1
  • 10
    • 0028176617 scopus 로고
    • Song as a pursuit-deterrent signal, and its occurrence relative to other anti-predation behaviours of skylark (Alauda arvensis) on attack by merlins (Falco columbarius)
    • Cresswell W (1994b) Song as a pursuit-deterrent signal, and its occurrence relative to other anti-predation behaviours of skylark (Alauda arvensis) on attack by merlins (Falco columbarius). Behav Ecol Sociobiol 34:217-223
    • (1994) Behav Ecol Sociobiol , vol.34 , pp. 217-223
    • Cresswell, W.1
  • 11
    • 0942300483 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Faced with a choice, sparrowhawks more often attack the more vulnerable prey group
    • Cresswell W, Quinn JL (2004) Faced with a choice, sparrowhawks more often attack the more vulnerable prey group. Oikos 104:71-76
    • (2004) Oikos , vol.104 , pp. 71-76
    • Cresswell, W.1    Quinn, J.L.2
  • 12
    • 0034616131 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for a rule governing the avoidance of superfluous escape flights
    • Creswell W, Hilton GM, Ruxton GD (2000) Evidence for a rule governing the avoidance of superfluous escape flights. Proc R Soc Lond B 267:733-737
    • (2000) Proc R Soc Lond B , vol.267 , pp. 733-737
    • Creswell, W.1    Hilton, G.M.2    Ruxton, G.D.3
  • 13
    • 0001840429 scopus 로고
    • Crèching behaviour of Adèlie penguin chicks (Pygoscelis adeliae)
    • Davis LS (1982) Crèching behaviour of Adèlie penguin chicks (Pygoscelis adeliae). NZ J Zool 9:279-286
    • (1982) NZ J Zool , vol.9 , pp. 279-286
    • Davis, L.S.1
  • 14
    • 0030476403 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • First gene on the avian W chromosome (CHD) provides a tag for universal sexing of non-ratite birds
    • Ellegren H (1996) First gene on the avian W chromosome (CHD) provides a tag for universal sexing of non-ratite birds. Proc R Soc Lond B 263:1635-1641
    • (1996) Proc R Soc Lond B , vol.263 , pp. 1635-1641
    • Ellegren, H.1
  • 15
    • 0000393657 scopus 로고
    • Avian predation at penguin colonies on King George Island, Antarctica
    • Emslie SD, Karnovsky N, Trivelpiece W (1995) Avian predation at penguin colonies on King George Island, Antarctica. Wilson Bull 107:317-327
    • (1995) Wilson Bull , vol.107 , pp. 317-327
    • Emslie, S.D.1    Karnovsky, N.2    Trivelpiece, W.3
  • 16
    • 0346665867 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factors affecting intra- And inter-specific variations in the difference between alert distances and flight distances for birds in forested habitats
    • Fernández-Juricic E, Jiménez MD, Lucas E (2002) Factors affecting intra- and inter-specific variations in the difference between alert distances and flight distances for birds in forested habitats. Can J Zool 80:1212-1220
    • (2002) Can J Zool , vol.80 , pp. 1212-1220
    • Fernández-Juricic, E.1    Jiménez, M.D.2    Lucas, E.3
  • 17
    • 0025675119 scopus 로고
    • Why do hunting cheetahs prefer male gazelles?
    • Fitzgibbon CD (1990) Why do hunting cheetahs prefer male gazelles? Anim Behav 40:837-845
    • (1990) Anim Behav , vol.40 , pp. 837-845
    • Fitzgibbon, C.D.1
  • 18
    • 54249110616 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human-caused disturbance stimuli as a form of predation risk
    • Frid A, Dill LM (2002) Human-caused disturbance stimuli as a form of predation risk. Conserv Ecol 6:11
    • (2002) Conserv Ecol , vol.6 , pp. 11
    • Frid, A.1    Dill, L.M.2
  • 19
    • 0034925659 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factors affecting the hunting success of male and female lions in the Kruger National Park
    • Funston PJ, Mills MGL, Biggs HC (2001) Factors affecting the hunting success of male and female lions in the Kruger National Park. J Zool 253:419-431
    • (2001) J Zool , vol.253 , pp. 419-431
    • Funston, P.J.1    Mgl, M.2    Biggs, H.C.3
  • 20
    • 0022631717 scopus 로고
    • Stress adaptation and adrenal activity in isolated and crowded rats
    • Gamallo A, Villanua A, Trancho G, Fraile A (1986) Stress adaptation and adrenal activity in isolated and crowded rats. Physiol Behav 36:217-221
    • (1986) Physiol Behav , vol.36 , pp. 217-221
    • Gamallo, A.1    Villanua, A.2    Trancho, G.3    Fraile, A.4
  • 21
    • 0025330346 scopus 로고
    • Biological signals as handicaps
    • Grafen A (1990) Biological signals as handicaps. J Theor Biol 144:517-546
    • (1990) J Theor Biol , vol.144 , pp. 517-546
    • Grafen, A.1
  • 22
    • 0026312598 scopus 로고
    • The impact of avian predator scavengers on king penguins Aptenodytes patagonicus chicks at Marion Island
    • Hunter S (1991) The impact of avian predator scavengers on king penguins Aptenodytes patagonicus chicks at Marion Island. Ibis 133:343-350
    • (1991) Ibis , vol.133 , pp. 343-350
    • Hunter, S.1
  • 23
    • 0036128164 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The potential costs of flipper-bands to penguins
    • Jackson S, Wilson RP (2002) The potential costs of flipper-bands to penguins. Funct Ecol 16:141-148
    • (2002) Funct Ecol , vol.16 , pp. 141-148
    • Jackson, S.1    Wilson, R.P.2
  • 24
    • 0023860130 scopus 로고
    • Tonic immobility and heterophil/lymphocyte responses of the domestic fowl to corticosterone infusion
    • Jones RB, Beuving G, Blokhuis HJ (1988) Tonic immobility and heterophil/lymphocyte responses of the domestic fowl to corticosterone infusion. Physiol Behav 42:249-253
    • (1988) Physiol Behav , vol.42 , pp. 249-253
    • Jones, R.B.1    Beuving, G.2    Blokhuis, H.J.3
  • 26
    • 0035175581 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of thermoregulatory demand on contact crèching behaviour in Adèlie Penguin chicks
    • Lawless RM, Buttemer WA, Astheimer LB, Kerry KR (2001) The influence of thermoregulatory demand on contact crèching behaviour in Adèlie Penguin chicks. J Therm Biol 26:555-562
    • (2001) J Therm Biol , vol.26 , pp. 555-562
    • Lawless, R.M.1    Buttemer, W.A.2    Astheimer, L.B.3    Kerry, K.R.4
  • 27
    • 33644518390 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The adaptive significance of crèches in the king penguin
    • Le Bohec C, Gauthier-Clerc M, Le Maho Y (2005) The adaptive significance of crèches in the king penguin. Anim Behav 70:527-538
    • (2005) Anim Behav , vol.70 , pp. 527-538
    • Le Bohec, C.1    Gauthier-Clerc, M.2    Le Maho, Y.3
  • 28
    • 0000286257 scopus 로고
    • Unrepeteable repeatabilities: A common mistake
    • Lessells CM, Boag PT (1987) Unrepeteable repeatabilities: a common mistake. Auk 104:116-121
    • (1987) Auk , vol.104 , pp. 116-121
    • Lessells, C.M.1    Boag, P.T.2
  • 29
    • 77956717127 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stress and decision making under the risk of predation: Recent developments from behavioral, reproductive and ecological perspectives
    • Lima SL (1998) Stress and decision making under the risk of predation: recent developments from behavioral, reproductive and ecological perspectives. Adv Stud Behav 27:215-290
    • (1998) Adv Stud Behav , vol.27 , pp. 215-290
    • Lima, S.L.1
  • 30
    • 0025252617 scopus 로고
    • Behavioral decisions made under the risk of predation: A review and prospectus
    • Lima SL, Dill LM (1990) Behavioral decisions made under the risk of predation: a review and prospectus. Can J Zool 68:619-640
    • (1990) Can J Zool , vol.68 , pp. 619-640
    • Lima, S.L.1    Dill, L.M.2
  • 31
    • 0344945593 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activity and predator escape performance of common greenfinches Carduelis chloris infected with Sindbis virus
    • Lindström KM, Van de Veen IT, Lagault BA, Lundström JO (2003) Activity and predator escape performance of common greenfinches Carduelis chloris infected with Sindbis virus. Ardea 91:103-111
    • (2003) Ardea , vol.91 , pp. 103-111
    • Lindström, K.M.1    Van De Veen, I.T.2    Lagault, B.A.3    Lundström, J.O.4
  • 32
    • 0000727841 scopus 로고
    • Relationship between protein nutritional status and immunocompetence in northern bobwhite chicks
    • Lochmiller RL, Vestey MR, Boren JC (1993) Relationship between protein nutritional status and immunocompetence in northern bobwhite chicks. Auk 110:503-510
    • (1993) Auk , vol.110 , pp. 503-510
    • Lochmiller, R.L.1    Vestey, M.R.2    Boren, J.C.3
  • 33
    • 11144280050 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sources of individual shy-bold variations in antipredatory behaviour of male Iberian rock-lizards
    • López P, Hawlena D, Polo V, Amo L, Martín J (2005) Sources of individual shy-bold variations in antipredatory behaviour of male Iberian rock-lizards. Anim Behav 69:1-9
    • (2005) Anim Behav , vol.69 , pp. 1-9
    • López, P.1    Hawlena, D.2    Polo, V.3    Amo, L.4    Martín, J.5
  • 34
    • 0039172925 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fleeing to unsafe refuges: Effects of conspicuousness and refuge safety on the escape decisions of the lizard Psammodromus algirus
    • Martín J, López P (2000) Fleeing to unsafe refuges: effects of conspicuousness and refuge safety on the escape decisions of the lizard Psammodromus algirus. Can J Zool 78:265-270
    • (2000) Can J Zool , vol.78 , pp. 265-270
    • Martín, J.1    López, P.2
  • 35
    • 11144316175 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factors affecting the escape behavior of juvenile chinstrap penguins, Pygoscelis antarctica, in response to human disturbance
    • Martín J, de Neve L, Fargallo JA, Polo V, Soler M (2004) Factors affecting the escape behavior of juvenile chinstrap penguins, Pygoscelis antarctica, in response to human disturbance. Polar Biol 27:775-781
    • (2004) Polar Biol , vol.27 , pp. 775-781
    • Martín, J.1    De Neve, L.2    Fargallo, J.A.3    Polo, V.4    Soler, M.5
  • 36
    • 0034069994 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predation against birds with low immunocompetence
    • Møller AP, Erritzøe J (2000) Predation against birds with low immunocompetence Oecologia 122:500-504
    • (2000) Oecologia , vol.122 , pp. 500-504
    • Møller, A.P.1    Erritzøe, J.2
  • 37
    • 0028165768 scopus 로고
    • Hatching asynchrony, sibling hierarchies and brood reduction in the chinstrap penguin Pygoscelis antarctica
    • Moreno J, Carrascal LM, Sanz JJ, Amat JA, Cuervo JJ (1994) Hatching asynchrony, sibling hierarchies and brood reduction in the chinstrap penguin Pygoscelis antarctica. Polar Biol 14:21-30
    • (1994) Polar Biol , vol.14 , pp. 21-30
    • Moreno, J.1    Carrascal, L.M.2    Sanz, J.J.3    Amat, J.A.4    Cuervo, J.J.5
  • 38
    • 2642702573 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Breeding time, health and immune response in the chinstrap penguin Pygoscelis antarctica
    • Moreno J, DeLeon A, Fargallo JA, Moreno E (1998) Breeding time, health and immune response in the chinstrap penguin Pygoscelis antarctica. Oecologia 115:312-319
    • (1998) Oecologia , vol.115 , pp. 312-319
    • Moreno, J.1    Deleon, A.2    Fargallo, J.A.3    Moreno, E.4
  • 39
    • 0001880119 scopus 로고
    • Carcasses of Adèlie penguins as a food source for south polar skuas: Some preliminary observations
    • Norman FI, McFarlane RA, Ward SJ (1994) Carcasses of Adèlie penguins as a food source for south polar skuas: some preliminary observations. Wilson Bull 106:26-34
    • (1994) Wilson Bull , vol.106 , pp. 26-34
    • Norman, F.I.1    McFarlane, R.A.2    Ward, S.J.3
  • 40
    • 0034057003 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecological immunology: Life history trade-offs and immune defense in birds
    • Norris K, Evans MR (2000) Ecological immunology: life history trade-offs and immune defense in birds. Behav Ecol 11:19-26
    • (2000) Behav Ecol , vol.11 , pp. 19-26
    • Norris, K.1    Evans, M.R.2
  • 41
    • 0042068114 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Causal and functional correlates of brood amalgamation in the chinstrap penguin Pygoscelis antarctica: Parental decision and adult aggressiveness
    • Penteriani V, Viñuela J, Belliure J, Bustamante J, Ferrer M (2003) Causal and functional correlates of brood amalgamation in the chinstrap penguin Pygoscelis antarctica: parental decision and adult aggressiveness. Polar Biol 26:538-544
    • (2003) Polar Biol , vol.26 , pp. 538-544
    • Penteriani, V.1    Viñuela, J.2    Belliure, J.3    Bustamante, J.4    Ferrer, M.5
  • 42
    • 0043032507 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • African wild dogs test the 'survival of the fittest' paradigm
    • Pole A, Gordon IJ, Gorman ML (2003) African wild dogs test the 'survival of the fittest' paradigm. Proc R Soc Lond B 270:57(Suppl)
    • (2003) Proc R Soc Lond B , vol.270 , Issue.SUPPL. , pp. 57
    • Pole, A.1    Gordon, I.J.2    Gorman, M.L.3
  • 43
    • 1642482961 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predator hunting behaviour and prey vulnerability
    • Quinn JL, Cresswell W (2004) Predator hunting behaviour and prey vulnerability. J Anim Ecol 73:143-154
    • (2004) J Anim Ecol , vol.73 , pp. 143-154
    • Quinn, J.L.1    Cresswell, W.2
  • 44
    • 33748638207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Personality, anti-predation behaviour and behavioural plasticity in the chaffinch Fringilla coelebs
    • Quinn JL, Cresswell W (2005) Personality, anti-predation behaviour and behavioural plasticity in the chaffinch Fringilla coelebs. Behaviour 142:1377-1402
    • (2005) Behaviour , vol.142 , pp. 1377-1402
    • Quinn, J.L.1    Cresswell, W.2
  • 45
    • 0030131629 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why individual vigilance declines as group size increases?
    • Roberts G (1996) Why individual vigilance declines as group size increases? Anim Behav 51:1077-1086
    • (1996) Anim Behav , vol.51 , pp. 1077-1086
    • Roberts, G.1
  • 46
    • 0035786657 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk assessment in western mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis): Do multiple cues have additive effects?
    • Smith ME, Belk MC (2001) Risk assessment in western mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis): do multiple cues have additive effects? Behav Ecol Sociobiol 51:101-107
    • (2001) Behav Ecol Sociobiol , vol.51 , pp. 101-107
    • Smith, M.E.1    Belk, M.C.2
  • 47
    • 0842288772 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the use of spleen mass as a measure of avian immune system strength
    • Smith KG, Hunt JL (2004) On the use of spleen mass as a measure of avian immune system strength. Oecologia 138:28-31
    • (2004) Oecologia , vol.138 , pp. 28-31
    • Smith, K.G.1    Hunt, J.L.2
  • 48
    • 0032825331 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simplifying the phytohaemagglutinin skin-testing technique in studies of avian immunocompetence
    • Smits JE, Bortolotti GR, Tella JL (1999) Simplifying the phytohaemagglutinin skin-testing technique in studies of avian immunocompetence. Funct Ecol 13:567-572
    • (1999) Funct Ecol , vol.13 , pp. 567-572
    • Smits, J.E.1    Bortolotti, G.R.2    Tella, J.L.3
  • 49
    • 29144498192 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fear in animals: A meta-analysis and review of risk assessment
    • Stankowich T, Blumstein DT (2005) Fear in animals: a meta-analysis and review of risk assessment. Proc R Soc Lond B 272:2627-2634
    • (2005) Proc R Soc Lond B , vol.272 , pp. 2627-2634
    • Stankowich, T.1    Blumstein, D.T.2
  • 50
    • 0034919041 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Offspring body condition and immunocompetence are negatively affected by high breeding densities in a colonial sea bird: A multiscale approach
    • Tella JL, Forero MG, Bertellotti M, Donázar JA, Blanco G, Ceballos O (2001) Offspring body condition and immunocompetence are negatively affected by high breeding densities in a colonial sea bird: a multiscale approach. Proc R Soc Lond B 268:1-7
    • (2001) Proc R Soc Lond B , vol.268 , pp. 1-7
    • Tella, J.L.1    Forero, M.G.2    Bertellotti, M.3    Donázar, J.A.4    Blanco, G.5    Ceballos, O.6
  • 51
    • 0023501793 scopus 로고
    • Do predators always capture substandard individuals disproportionately from prey populations?
    • Temple SA (1986) Do predators always capture substandard individuals disproportionately from prey populations? Ecology 68: 669-674
    • (1986) Ecology , vol.68 , pp. 669-674
    • Temple, S.A.1
  • 52
    • 0025694530 scopus 로고
    • Effect of human disturbance on beach groups of jackass penguins
    • Van Heezik Y, Seddon PJ (1990) Effect of human disturbance on beach groups of jackass penguins. S Afr J Wildl Res 20:89-93
    • (1990) S Afr J Wildl Res , vol.20 , pp. 89-93
    • Van Heezik, Y.1    Seddon, P.J.2
  • 53
    • 0027337268 scopus 로고
    • A game-theoretic model of predator-prey signaling
    • Vega-Redondo F, Hasson O (1993) A game-theoretic model of predator-prey signaling. J Theor Biol 162:309-319
    • (1993) J Theor Biol , vol.162 , pp. 309-319
    • Vega-Redondo, F.1    Hasson, O.2
  • 54
    • 0029535145 scopus 로고
    • Nest defence of nesting chinstrap penguins (Pygoscelis antarctica) against intruders
    • Viñuela J, Amat JA, Ferrer M (1995) Nest defence of nesting chinstrap penguins (Pygoscelis antarctica) against intruders. Ethology 99:323-331
    • (1995) Ethology , vol.99 , pp. 323-331
    • Viñuela, J.1    Amat, J.A.2    Ferrer, M.3
  • 55
    • 0029662613 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of hatching date on parental care, chick growth, and chick mortality in the chinstrap penguin Pygoscelis antarctica
    • Viñuela J, Moreno J, Carrascal LM, Sanz JJ, Amat JA, Ferrer M, Belliure J, Cuervo JJ (1996) The effect of hatching date on parental care, chick growth, and chick mortality in the chinstrap penguin Pygoscelis antarctica. J Zool 240:51-58
    • (1996) J Zool , vol.240 , pp. 51-58
    • Viñuela, J.1    Moreno, J.2    Carrascal, L.M.3    Sanz, J.J.4    Amat, J.A.5    Ferrer, M.6    Belliure, J.7    Cuervo, J.J.8
  • 56
    • 0004223889 scopus 로고
    • Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK
    • Williams TD (1995) The penguins. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK
    • (1995) The Penguins
    • Williams, T.D.1
  • 57
    • 77956778315 scopus 로고
    • The economics of fleeing from predators
    • Ydenberg RC, Dill LM (1986) The economics of fleeing from predators. Adv Stud Behav 16:229-249
    • (1986) Adv Stud Behav , vol.16 , pp. 229-249
    • Ydenberg, R.C.1    Dill, L.M.2
  • 58
    • 0027069945 scopus 로고
    • The effects of human disturbance on Magellanic penguin Spheniscus magellanicus behaviour and breeding success
    • Yorio P, Boersma PD (1992) The effects of human disturbance on Magellanic penguin Spheniscus magellanicus behaviour and breeding success. Bird Conserv Int 2:161-173
    • (1992) Bird Conserv Int , vol.2 , pp. 161-173
    • Yorio, P.1    Boersma, P.D.2
  • 59
    • 0004224159 scopus 로고
    • Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK
    • Young E (1994) Skua and penguin. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK
    • (1994) Skua and Penguin
    • Young, E.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.