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a) For an earlier observation by us of an asymmetric induction with Mo-bisoxazoline complexes, see ref. [4]. Since this experiment required a high catalyst loading, it was only cited in a footnote.
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26
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0035249063
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b) Chiral α,α′-bipyridines exhibited low asymmetric induction: A. V. Malkov, I. R. Baxendale, M. Bella, V. Langer, J. Fawcett, D. R. Russel, D. J. Mansfield, M. Valko, P. Kočovský, Organometallics 2001, 20, 673.
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For preliminary communications of this work, see: a) P. Kočovský, A. V. Malkov, Š. Vyskočil, G. C. Lloyd-Jones, Pure Appl. Chem. 1999, 77, 1425;
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For the original preparation of ligand 8, see: a) M. Mulqi, F. S. Stephens, R. S. Vagg, Inorg. Chim. Acta 1981, 53, L91; for its previous use in asymmetric catalysis, see:
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33748560008
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For the method, see ref. [11b]
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For the method, see ref. [11b].
-
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47
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33748552577
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-
note
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The structure of (R)-(-)-12a was confirmed by single crystal X-ray analysis (see the Supporting Information for details).
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48
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0034686090
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C. A. Busacca, D. Grossbach, E. Spinelli, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 2000, 11, 1907.
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49
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33748556441
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3P method failed
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3P method failed.
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55
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0006047372
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8 = cycloheptatriene; a) for the complex preparation, see: F. A. Cotton, J. McCleverty, J. E, White, Inorg. Synth. 1990, 28, 45;
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Cotton, F.A.1
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56
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-
33748576484
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-
note
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3] complex as the catalyst for allylic substitution, see ref. [3h].
-
-
-
-
57
-
-
33748521462
-
-
note
-
3]}. b) This behavior seems to suggest that a tridentate coordination of the metal by 12 is required to generate an active catalyst.
-
-
-
-
58
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33748539608
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-
note
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[8b]
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59
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0003942864
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Wiley, New York
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Eliel, E.L.1
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33748531527
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note
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[28] respectively, so that direct comparison is not straightforward.
-
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61
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33748538240
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-
note
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[10]
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62
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0001083488
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0-catalyzed allylic substitution. For selected examples, see the following: a) H. Frisell, B. Åkermark, Organometallics 1995, 14, 561;
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65
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1642576013
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Subsequent work involving use of enantiomerically enriched (>90% ee) deuterated substrates and analysis of the solution-phase structure and reactivity of deuterated samples of C by NMR, has led to the conclusion that C is attacked "internally", that is, via a retention pathway, to give the major product enantiomer. With the matched enantiomer of branched substrate the reaction would therefore proceed with overall net retention, via a two-fold retention mechanism [a) G. C. Lloyd-Jones, S. W. Krska, D. L. Hughes, L. Gouriou, V. D. Bonnet, K. Jack, Y. Sun, R. A. Reamer, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2004, 126, 702;
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66
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1842732185
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1 complex. The coordinative saturation at the Mo in C suggests that the former is unlikely. The intermediacy of a full V complex would not account for a memory effect (see below). For a computational approach to the structure of molybdenum n-complexes, see the following:
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Hughes, D.L.1
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67
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68
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33748554734
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note
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3], respectively.
-
-
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69
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33748572162
-
-
note
-
[15b] (90% ee, 72% yield, and 8:1 regioisomer ratio).
-
-
-
-
70
-
-
33748566706
-
-
note
-
The reaction of cinnamyl carbonate 4 with sodium dimethyl malonate in the presence of [Mo]/19 proved to proceed with ordinary kinetics, namely with no induction period and no appreciable decomposition or isomerization of products; the reaction was complete within ca 5 h.
-
-
-
-
71
-
-
33748552912
-
-
note
-
The regioselectivities of the catalytic and stoichiometric (in [Mo]/19) reaction turned out to differ marginally (83:17 vs 90:10); the catalytic version was faster.
-
-
-
-
72
-
-
33748534377
-
-
note
-
Cinnamyl carbonate 4 and the corresponding bromide provided almost identical results (i.e., regioselectivity and yields) in stoichiometric (in [Mo]/19) reactions, (90:10, 36% and 89:11, 39%, respectively). The catalytic reactions cannot be compared since cinnamyl bromide undergoes a non-catalytic reaction, which provides solely the linear product.
-
-
-
-
73
-
-
33748572841
-
-
note
-
1-Phenyl-but-1-en-3-yl acetate does not react with sodium dimethyl malonate under molybdenum catalysis, showing that molybdenum requires primary allylic esters.
-
-
-
-
75
-
-
33748573881
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-
note
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The good reactivity of ligand 18 lends additional credence to monodeprotonation. Here, in contrast to the other ligands, the three ligating centers must take a meridional arrangement (mer) and that could explain the lack of enantioselectivity, which is determined by the turn in the ligand forming facial (fac) coordination of the three ligating centers around metal.
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76
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For leading references to "memory effects" in Pd-catalyzed allylic alkylations see: a) J. C. Fiaud, J. L. Malleron, Tetrahedron Lett. 1981, 22, 1399;
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33748553581
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However, it should be noted that there is no direct correlation between the magnitude of the various kinetic resolution factors and the overall degree of asymmetric induction with 12 a (s = 3), 12 c (s = 2), and 8 (s = 10).
-
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101
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23544470180
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Rearrangements of allylpalladium and Related derivatives
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Nakamura, H.1
Yamamoto, Y.2
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103
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37049076495
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a) F. Toda, Y. Tohi, J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun. 1993, 1238; b) this procedure involved enantioselective co-crystallization of 35 with enantiomerically pure α,α,α,′,α′- tetraphenyl-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4,5-dimethanol (TADDOL) from an aqueous-surfactant solution, followed by liberation of the free 35 in 85-95 % ee by distillation. Repeated recycling using both enantiomers of TADDOL afforded both enantiomers of 35 in high ee and in reasonable yields.
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(1993)
J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun.
, vol.1238
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Toda, F.1
Tohi, Y.2
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104
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33748550555
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note
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The ee values were determined by chiral GC or HPLC; the absolute configurations of the corresponding carbonates 37 c was determined by optical rotation, which then confirms the absolute configuration of the precursors and other products, e.g., the acetate.
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105
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0034619611
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This methodology was pioneered by Courtieu. For an excellent overview of the technique, see: M. Sarfati, P. Lesot, D. Merlet, J. Courtieu, Chem. Commun. 2000, 2069.
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(2000)
Chem. Commun.
, pp. 2069
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Sarfati, M.1
Lesot, P.2
Merlet, D.3
Courtieu, J.4
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106
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33748541516
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note
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6], in the initial stages of the reaction due to the pro-catalyst formation under ambient temperature conditions. For a full discussion, see the main text.
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107
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33748521779
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note
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2-symmetric bispicolinamide ligands such as 8.
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110
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0022972865
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H. Brunner, R. Kroiss, M. Schmidt, H. Schonenberg, Eur. J. Med. Chem. 1986, 21, 333.
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(1986)
Eur. J. Med. Chem.
, vol.21
, pp. 333
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Brunner, H.1
Kroiss, R.2
Schmidt, M.3
Schonenberg, H.4
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112
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16144367701
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H. Brunner, B. Nuber, M. Prommesberger, J. Organomet. Chem. 1996, 523, 179.
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(1996)
J. Organomet. Chem.
, vol.523
, pp. 179
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Brunner, H.1
Nuber, B.2
Prommesberger, M.3
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114
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33748565226
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note
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2H signals are reported as though 39 were a single compound, except for the H at the chiral center.
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