Consensus Development Conference on the Use of Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Including Cyclooxygenase-2 Enzyme Inhibitors and Aspirin

Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology

Volumn 4, Issue 9, 2006, Pages

  Wilcox, C Mel ^a   Allison, Jeroan ^a   Benzuly, Keith ^b   Borum, Marie ^c   Cryer, Byron ^d   Grosser, Tilo ^e   Hunt, Richard ^f   Ladabaum, Uri ^g   Lanas, Angel ^h   Paulus, Harold ⁱ   Regueiro, Carol ^j   Sandler, Robert S ^k   Simon, Lee ^l  

^a University of Alabama at Birmingham   (United States)

^b NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS SOUTHWESTERN MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^e UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA   (United States)

^f MCMASTER UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTRE   (Canada)

^g UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^h HOSPITAL CLÍNICO UNIVERSITARIO LOZANO BLESA   (Spain)

ⁱ UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^j University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill ^*

^k UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^l BETH ISRAEL DEACONESS MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

more..

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID; ANALGESIC AGENT; ANTICOAGULANT AGENT; CELECOXIB; CYCLOOXYGENASE 2 INHIBITOR; DICLOFENAC; ETODOLAC; ETORICOXIB; GLUCOCORTICOID; GW 406381; HISTAMINE H2 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; IBUPROFEN; INDOMETACIN; LUMIRACOXIB; MISOPROSTOL; NABUMETONE; NON PRESCRIPTION DRUG; NONSTEROID ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENT; OMEPRAZOLE; PARACETAMOL; PARECOXIB; PIROXICAM; PROSTACYCLIN; PROSTAGLANDIN; PROTON PUMP INHIBITOR; ROFECOXIB; STOMACH SECRETION INHIBITOR; SULINDAC; UNINDEXED DRUG; VALDECOXIB;

ADENOMATOUS POLYP; ANALGESIC ACTIVITY; ANTIINFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY; ANTIPYRETIC ACTIVITY; ARTICLE; CANCER PREVENTION; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; CLINICAL RESEARCH; CLINICAL TRIAL; COLORECTAL ADENOMA; CONSENSUS DEVELOPMENT; DIGESTIVE SYSTEM PERFORATION; DIGESTIVE SYSTEM ULCER; DRUG HALF LIFE; DRUG MEGADOSE; DRUG RESEARCH; EPIDEMIOLOGICAL DATA; GASTROINTESTINAL HEMORRHAGE; GASTROINTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION; GASTROINTESTINAL SYMPTOM; GASTROINTESTINAL TOXICITY; HEART INFARCTION; HELICOBACTER INFECTION; HELICOBACTER PYLORI; HIGH RISK PATIENT; HUMAN; INTESTINE; LOW DRUG DOSE; META ANALYSIS; OSTEOARTHRITIS; PEPTIC ULCER; PHARMACODYNAMICS; PNEUMONIA; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; RISK ASSESSMENT; STOMACH PROTECTION; STROKE; SUDDEN DEATH; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW; THROMBOEMBOLISM; UNITED STATES; UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT;

EID: 33748165573     PISSN: 15423565     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2006.04.010     Document Type: Article

References (101)

1. Bayer Pharmaceuticals (2003). http://www.bayerASA.com/press/factsheets/ASA_fact_sheet.pdf Fact of ASA. Available at: http://www.bayerASA.com/press/factsheets/ASA_fact_sheet.pdf. Accessed: July 28, 2005.
2. Phillips A.C., Polisson R.P., and Simon L.S. NSAIDs and the elderly: toxicity and the economic implications. Drugs Aging 10 (1997) 119-130
3. Pincus T., Koch G.G., Sokka T., et al. A randomized, double-blind, crossover clinical trial of diclofenac plus misoprostol versus acetaminophen in patients with osteoarthritis of the hip or knee. Arthritis Rheum 44 (2001) 1587-1598
4. Pincus T., Koch G., Lei H., et al. Patient preference for placebo, acetaminophen or celecoxib efficacy studies (PACES): two randomized placebo-controlled cross-over clinical trials in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee or hip. Ann Rheum Dis 63 (2004) 931-939
5. Case J.P., Baliunas A.J., and Block J.A. Lack of efficacy of acetaminophen in treating symptomatic knee osteoarthritis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled comparison trial with diclofenac sodium. Arch Intern Med 163 (2003) 169-178
6. Catella-Lawson F., Reilly M.P., Kapoor S.C., et al. Cyclooxygenase inhibitors and the antiplatelet effects of ASA. N Engl J Med 345 (2001) 1809-1817
7. Silverstein F.E., Faich G., Goldstein J.L., et al. Gastrointestinal toxicity with celecoxib vs. nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis: the CLASS study: a randomized controlled trial. Celecoxib Long-Term Arthritis Safety Study. JAMA 284 (2000) 1247-1255
8. Bombardier C., Laine L., Reicin A., et al. Comparison of upper gastrointestinal toxicity of rofecoxib and naproxen in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. N Engl J Med 343 (2000) 1520-1528
9. Ramosekh D., Van Leerdam M.E., Rauws E.A.J., et al. Outcome of peptic ulcer bleeding, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use and Helicobacter pylori infection. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 3 (2005) 859-864
10. Physician's desk reference. 59th ed. (2005), Montvale, NJ, Medical Economics Data Production Company
11. Singh G., and Ramey D.R. NSAID induced gastrointestinal complications: the ARAMIS perspective. J Rheumatol 25 (1998) 8-16
12. Lanas A., Perez-Aisa M.A., Feu F., et al. A nationwide study of mortality associated with hospital admission due to severe gastrointestinal events and those associated with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug use. Am J Gastroenterol 100 (2005) 1685-1693
13. Cryer B. NSAID-associated death: the rise and fall of NSAID-associated GI mortality. Am J Gastroenterol 100 (2005) 1694-1695
14. Fries J.F., Murtagh K.N., Bennett M., et al. The rise and decline of nonsteroidal drug-associated gastropathy in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 50 (2004) 2433-2440
15. Silverstein F.E., Graham D.Y., Senior J.R., et al. Misoprostol reduces serious gastrointestinal complications in patients with rheumatoid arthritis receiving nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Ann Intern Med 123 (1995) 241-249
16. Griffin M.R., Piper J.M., Daughtery J.R., et al. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use and increased risk for peptic ulcer disease in elderly persons. Ann Intern Med 114 (1991) 257-263
17. Gabriel S.E., Jaakkimainen L., and Bombardier C. Risk for serious gastrointestinal complications related to use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Ann Intern Med 115 (1991) 787-796
18. Garcia Rodriguez L.A., and Hernandez-Diaz S. Relative risk of upper gastrointestinal complications among users of acetaminophen and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Epidemiology 12 (2001) 570-576
19. Hernandez-Diaz S., and Rodriguez L.A. Association between nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding/perforation: an overview of epidemiologic studies published in the 1990s. Arch Intern Med 160 (2000) 2093-2099
20. de Abajo F.J., and Garcia Rodriguez L.A. Risk of upper gastrointestinal bleeding and perforation associated with low-dose aspirin as plain and enteric-coated formulations. BMC Clin Pharmacol 1 (2001) 1
21. Simon L.S., and Mills J.A. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. N Engl J Med 302 (1980) 1179-1185 1237-1243.
22. Schnitzer T.J., Burmester G.R., Mysler E., et al., TARGET Study Group. Comparison of lumiracoxib with naproxen and ibuprofen in the Therapeutic Arthritis Research and Gastrointestinal Event Trial (TARGET), reduction in ulcer complications: randomized controlled trial. Lancet 364 (2004) 665-674
23. Laine L., Maller E.S., Yu C., et al. Ulcer formation with low-dose enteric-coated ASA and the effect of COX-2 selective inhibition: a double-blind trial. Gastroenterology 127 (2004) 395-402
24. Wilcox C.M., Shalek K.A., and Costsonis G. Striking prevalence of over-the-counter nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use in patients with upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Arch Intern Med 154 (1994) 42-46
25. Piper J.M., Ray W.A., Daughtery J.R., et al. Corticosteroid use and peptic ulcer disease: role of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Ann Intern Med 114 (1991) 740
26. Rodriquez L.A.G., and Jick H. Risk of upper gastrointestinal bleeding and perforation associated with individual non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Lancet 343 (1994) 769-772
27. Peura D.A., Lanza F.L., and Gostout C.J. The American College of Gastroenterology Bleeding Registry: preliminary findings. Am J Gastroenterol 92 (1997) 924-928
28. Weil J., Colin-Jones D., Langman M., et al. Prophylactic aspirin and risk of peptic ulcer bleeding. BMJ 310 (1995) 821-830
29. Niv Y., Battler A., Abuksis G., et al. Endoscopy in asymptomatic minidose ASA consumers. Dig Dis Sci 50 (2005) 78-80
30. Derry S., and Loke Y.K. Risk of gastrointestinal haemorrhage with long-term use of ASA: meta-analysis. BMJ 321 (2000) 1183-1187
31. Schoen R.T., and Vender R.J. Mechanisms of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug-induced gastric damage. Am J Med 86 (1989) 449-458
32. Scheiman J.M. NSAIDs, gastrointestinal injury and cytoprotection. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 25 (1996) 279-298
33. Laine L. Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug gastropathy. Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am 6 (1996) 489-504
34. Hollander D. Gastrointestinal complications of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: prophylactic and therapeutic strategies. Am J Med 96 (1994) 274-281
35. Simon L.S., Weaver A.L., Graham D.Y., et al. The Anti-inflammatory and Upper Gastrointestinal Effects of Celecoxib In Rheumatoid Arthritis: a randomized, controlled trial. JAMA 282 (1999) 1921-1928
36. Emery P., Zeidler H., Kvien T.K., et al. Celecoxib versus diclofenac in long-term management of rheumatoid arthritis: randomised double-blind comparison. Lancet 354 (1999) 2106
37. Bensen W.G., Fiechtner J.J., McMillen J.I., et al. Treatment of osteoarthritis with celecoxib, a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor: a randomized clinical trial. Mayo Clin Proc 74 (1999) 1095
38. Bresalier R.S., Sandler R.S., Quan H., et al. for the Adenomatous Polyp Prevention on Vioxx (APPROVe) Trial Investigators. Cardiovascular events associated with rofecoxib in a colorectal adenoma chemoprevention trial. N Engl J Med 352 (2005) 1092-1102
39. FDA Arthritis Advisory Committee Hearing (2001) February 7, Gaithersburg, MD.
40. Farkouh M.E., Kirshner H., Harrington R.A., et al., TARGET Study Group. Comparison of lumiracoxib with naproxen and ibuprofen in the Therapeutic Arthritis Research and Gastrointestinal Event Trial (TARGET), cardiovascular outcomes: randomised controlled trial. Lancet 364 (2004) 675-684
41. Solomon S.D., McMurray J.J.V., Pfeffer M.A., et al. for the Adenoma Prevention with Celecoxib (APC) Study Investigators. Cardiovascular risk associated with celecoxib in a clinical trial for colorectal adenoma prevention. N Engl J Med 352 (2005) 1071-1080
42. Ott E., Nussmeier N.A., Duke P.C., et al. for the Multicenter Study of Perioperative Ischemia (McSPI) Research Group and the Ischemia Research and Education Foundation (IREF) Investigators. Efficacy and safety of the cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitors parecoxib and valdecoxib in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 125 (2003) 1481-1492
43. Nussmeier N.A., Whelton A.A., Brown M.T., et al. Complications of the COX-2 inhibitors parecoxib and valdecoxib after cardiac surgery. N Engl J Med 352 (2005) 1081-1091
44. Rahme E., Pilote L., and LeLorier J. Association between naproxen use and protection against acute myocardial infarction (erratum in Arch Intern Med 2002;162:1858). Arch Intern Med 162 (2002) 1111-1115
45. Solomon D.H., Glynn R.J., Levin R., et al. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use and acute myocardial infarction. Arch Intern Med 162 (2002) 1099-1104
46. Ray W.A., Stein C.M., Hall K., et al. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and risk of serious coronary heart disease: an observational cohort study. Lancet 359 (2002) 118-123
47. Solomon D.H., Schneeweiss S., Glynn R.J., et al. Relationship between selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors and acute myocardial infarction in older adults. Circulation 109 (2004) 2068-2073
48. Graham D.J., Campen D., Hui R., et al. Risk of acute myocardial infarction and sudden cardiac death in patients treated with cyclo-oxygenase 2 selective and non-selective non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: nested case-control study. Lancet 365 (2005) 475-481
49. McAdam B.F., Catella-Lawson F., Mardini I.A., et al. Systemic biosynthesis of prostacyclin by cyclooxygenase (COX)-2: the human pharmacology of a selective inhibitor of COX-2. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 96 (1999) 272-277
50. Catella-Lawson F., McAdam B., Morrison B.W., et al. Effects of specific inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 on sodium balance, hemodynamics, and vasoactive eicosanoids. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 289 (1999) 735-741
51. Johnson A.G., Nguyen T.V., and Day R.O. Do nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs affect blood pressure?. Ann Intern Med 121 (1994) 289
52. Collins R., Peto R., MacMahon S., et al. Blood pressure, stroke, and coronary artery disease. Part 2: short-term reductions in blood pressure: overview of randomized drug trials in their epidemiological context. Lancet 335 (1990) 827
53. Food and Drug Administration Arthritis Advisory Committee Meeting (2001) February 8, Gaithersburg, MD. NDA 21-042/21-052.
54. FDA Arthritis Advisory Committee NDA. CLASS Advisory Committee Briefing Document (2001) Feb 7, Gaithersburg, MD.
55. Sowers J.R., White W.B., Pitt B., et al., Celecoxib Rofecoxib Efficacy and Safety in Co-morbidities Evaluation Trial (CRESCENT) Investigators. The effects of cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory therapy on 24-hour blood pressure in hypertensive patients with osteoarthritis and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Arch Intern Med 165 (2005) 158-160
56. White W.B., Strand V., Roberts R., et al. Effects of the cyclooxygenase-2 specific inhibitor valdecoxib versus nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents and placebo on cardiovascular thrombotic events in patients with arthritis. Am J Ther 11 (2004) 244-250
57. Cheng Y., Austin S.C., Rocca B., et al. Role of prostacyclin in the cardiovascular response to thromboxane A2. Science 296 (2002) 539-541
58. Qi Z., Hao C.M., Langenbach R.I., et al. Opposite effects of cyclooxygenase-1 and -2 activity on the pressor response to angiotensin II. J Clin Invest 110 (2002) 61-69
59. Kobayashi T., Tahara Y., Matsumoto M., et al. Roles of thromboxane A2 and prostacyclin in the development of atherosclerosis in apoE-deficient mice. J Clin Invest 114 (2004) 784-794
60. Antithrombotic Trialists' Collaboration. Collaborative meta-analysis of randomised trials of antiplatelet therapy for prevention of death, myocardial infarction, and stroke in high risk patients. BMJ 324 (2002) 71-86
61. Sanmuganathan P.S., Ghahramani P., Jackson P.R., et al. Aspirin for primary prevention of coronary heart disease: safety and absolute benefit related to coronary risk derived from meta-analysis of randomised trials. Heart 85 (2001) 265-271
62. Ridker P.M., Cook N.R., Lee I.M., et al. A randomized trial of low-dose ASA in the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in women. N Engl J Med 352 (2005) 1293-1304
63. Corley D.A., Kerlikowske K., Verma R., et al. Protective association of ASA/NSAIDs and esophageal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Gastroenterology 124 (2003) 47-56
64. Bosetti C., Gallus S., and La Vecchia C. Aspirin and cancer risk: an update to 2001. Eur J Cancer Prev 11 (2002) 535-542
65. Wang W.H., Huang J.Q., Zheng G.F., et al. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug use and the risk of gastric cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Natl Cancer Inst 95 (2003) 1784-1791
66. Bayer Pharma. 01 July 2005-new findings announced: acetylsalicylic acid prevents the development of colorectal cancer. Available at: http://www.pharma.bayer.com/en/home/article/1060008165777/1120159092909/02.html. Accessed: July 27, 2005.
67. Bonovas S., Filioussi K., and Sitaras N.M. Do nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs affect the risk of developing ovarian cancer?. A meta-analysis. Br J Clin Pharmacol 60 (2005) 194-203
68. Mahmud S., Franco E., and Aprikian A. Prostate cancer and use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Cancer 90 (2004) 93-99
69. Gonzalez-Perez A., Garcia Rodriguez L.A., and Lopez-Ridaura R. Effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on cancer sites other than the colon and rectum: a meta-analysis. BMC Cancer 3 (2003) 28
70. Rahme E., Dasgupta K., Toubouti Y., et al. GI effect of rofecoxib and celecoxib versus NSAID in patients on low dose ASA, a population-based retrospective cohort study (abstr 17). Gastorenterology 126 Suppl 2 (2004) A1
71. Derry S., and Loke Y.K. Risk of gastrointestinal haemorrhage with long term use of ASA: meta-analysis. BMJ 321 (2000) 1183-1187
72. Moore R.A., Derry S., Makinson G.T., et al. Tolerability and adverse events in clinical trials of celecoxib in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis: systematic review and meta-analysis of information from company clinical trial reports. Arthritis Res Ther 7 (2005) R644-R665
73. Catella-Lawson F., Reilly M.P., Kapoor S.C., et al. Cyclooxygenase inhibitors and the antiplatelet effects of ASA. N Engl J Med 345 (2001) 1809-1817
74. MacDonald T.M., and Wei L. Effect of ibuprofen on cardioprotective effect of ASA. Lancet 361 (2003) 573-574
75. Chan F.K., To K.F., Wu J.C., et al. Eradication of Helicobacter pylori and risk of peptic ulcers in patients starting long-term treatment with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: a randomised trial. Lancet 359 (2002) 9-13
76. Sung J.J. Management of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug-related peptic ulcer bleeding. Am J Med 110 (2001) 29S-32S
77. Labenz J., Blum A.L., Bolten W.W., et al. Primary prevention of diclofenac associated ulcers and dyspepsia by omeprazole or triple therapy in Helicobacter pylori positive patients: a randomised, double blind, placebo controlled trial. Gut 51 (2002) 329-335
78. Hawkey C.J., Tulassay Z., Szczepanski L., et al. Randomised controlled trial of Helicobacter pylori eradication in patients on non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: HELP NSAIDs study. Helicobacter Eradication for Lesion Prevention. Lancet 352 (1998) 1016-1021
79. Chan F.K., Chung S.C., Suen B.Y., et al. Preventing recurrent upper gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with Helicobacter pylori infection who are taking low-dose ASA or naproxen. N Engl J Med 344 (2001) 967-973
80. Rostom A., Dube C., Wells G., et al. Prevention of NSAID-induced gastroduodenal ulcers. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 4 (2004) 1-111
81. Jacobsen R.B., and Phillips B.B. Reducing clinically significant gastrointestinal toxicity associated with nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. Ann Pharmacother 38 (2004) 1469-1481
82. Yeomans N.D. A clinical approach to management of patients with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory gastropathy. Ital J Gastroenterol Hepatol 31 (1999) S89-S92
83. Canadian Coordinating Office for Health Technology Assessment. Gastroduodenal ulcers associated with the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: a systematic review of preventive pharmacological interventions. Report no. 12 (2004), Canadian Coordinating Office for Health Technology Assessment, Ottawa
84. Lai K.C., Lam S.K., Chu K.M., et al. Lansoprazole for the prevention of recurrences of ulcer complications from long-term low-dose ASA use. N Engl J Med 346 (2002) 2033-2038
85. Hawkey C.J., and Langman M.J. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: overall risks and management. Complementary roles for COX-2 inhibitors and proton pump inhibitors. Gut 52 (2003) 600-608
86. Yeomans N.D., Tulassay Z., Juhasz L., et al. A comparison of omeprazole with ranitidine for ulcers associated with nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. Acid Suppression Trial: Ranitidine versus Omeprazole for NSAID-associated Ulcer Treatment (ASTRONAUT) Study Group. N Engl J Med 338 (1998) 719-726
87. Chan F.K., Hung L.C., Suen B.Y., et al. Celecoxib versus diclofenac and omeprazole in reducing the risk of recurrent ulcer bleeding in patients with arthritis. N Engl J Med 347 (2002) 2104-2110
88. Hunt R.H., and Bazzoli F. Should NSAID/low-dose aspirin takers be tested routinely for H. pylori infection and treated if positive?. Implications for primary risk of ulcer and ulcer relapse after initial healing. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 19 (2004) 9-16
89. Laheij R.J., Sturkenboom M.C., Hassing R.J., et al. Risk of community-acquired pneumonia and use of gastric acid-suppressive drugs. JAMA 292 (2004) 1955-1960
90. Baigent C. Aspirin for everyone older than 50?. Against. BMJ 330 (2005) 1442-1443
91. Bonovas S., Filioussi K., and Sitaras N.M. Do nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs affect the risk of developing ovarian cancer?. A meta-analysis. Br J Clin Pharmacol 60 (2005) 194-203
92. Cook N.R., Lee I.M., Gaziano J.M., et al. Low-dose aspirin in the primary prevention of cancer: the Women's Health Study: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 294 (2005) 47-55
93. Corman S.L., Fedutes B.A., and Ansani N.T. Impact of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs on the cardioprotective effects of aspirin. Ann Pharmacother 39 (2005) 1073-1079
94. Hayden M., Pignone M., Phillips C., et al. Aspirin for the primary prevention of cardiovascular events: a summary of the evidence for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Ann Intern Med 136 (2002) 161-172
95. McDonald T.M., and Wei L. Effect of ibuprofen on cardioprotective effect of aspirin. Lancet 361 (2003) 573-574
96. Ridker P.M., Cook N.R., Lee I.M., et al. A randomized trial of low-dose aspirin in the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in women. N Engl J Med 352 (2005) 1293-1304
97. Serebruany V.L., Malinin A.I., Eisert R.M., et al. Risk of bleeding complications with antiplatelet agents: meta-analysis of 338,191 patients enrolled in 50 randomized controlled trials. Am J Hematol 75 (2004) 40-47
98. Sørensen H.T., Mellemkjaer L., Blot W.J., et al. Risk of upper gastrointestinal bleeding associated with use of low-dose aspirin. Am J Gastroenterol 95 (2000) 2218-2224
99. Stack W.A., Atherton J.C., Hawkey G.M., et al. Interactions between Helicobacter pylori and other risk factors for peptic ulcer bleeding. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 16 (2002) 497-506
100. Weisman S.M., and Graham D.Y. Evaluation of the benefits and risks of low-dose aspirin in the secondary prevention of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events. Arch Intern Med 162 (2002) 2197-2202
101. de Gaetano G., Donati M.B., and Cerletti C. Prevention of thrombosis and vascular inflammation: benefits and limitations of selective or combined COX-1, COX-2 and 5-LOX inhibitors. Trends Pharmacol Sci 24 (2003) 245-252