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The NICS method is a measure of the abnormal proton chemical shift of aromatic molecules by the induced ring current that is due to cyclic σ or π electron delocalization, and whose values can either be negative (suggestive of diatropic ring currents and aromaticity) or positive (suggestive of paratropic ring currents and antiaromaticity). The standard method for NICS calculations is NICS(1), which is calculated at a distance of 1 Å above the plane of the ring in order to minimize the influence from the σ framework while maximizing the contributions from the π system.
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