Advances in critical care management of hepatic failure and insufficiency

Critical Care Medicine

Volumn 34, Issue SUPPL. 9, 2006, Pages

  Han, Meilan King ^a   Hyzy, Robert ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HEALTH SYSTEM   (United States)

Author keywords

Ascites; Cirrhosis; Dialysis; Fulminant; Hepatic failure; Hepatorenal; Intensive care unit; Liver; Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis; Transplant

Indexed keywords

ACETYLCYSTEINE; ALBUMIN; BENZODIAZEPINE DERIVATIVE; CEFOTAXIME; DOPAMINE; FLUMAZENIL; GLUCOSE; LACTULOSE; MIDODRINE; OCTREOTIDE; PARACETAMOL; PENICILLIN G; SEDATIVE AGENT; TRANQUILIZER;

ASCITES; BACTERIAL PERITONITIS; BLOOD CLOTTING DISORDER; BRAIN PERFUSION; CHRONIC LIVER DISEASE; GLUCOSE BLOOD LEVEL; HEMODIALYSIS; HEPATIC ENCEPHALOPATHY; HEPATORENAL SYNDROME; HUMAN; HYDROTHORAX; INTENSIVE CARE; INTESTINE FLORA; INTRACRANIAL PRESSURE; LIVER CIRRHOSIS; LIVER FAILURE; LIVER TRANSPLANTATION; NEUROLOGIC EXAMINATION; PATIENT CARE; PATIENT MONITORING; PERFUSION PRESSURE; PORTOSYSTEMIC ANASTOMOSIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW;

ASCITES; CRITICAL CARE; CRITICAL ILLNESS; HEPATIC INSUFFICIENCY; HUMANS; INTENSIVE CARE UNITS; KIDNEY FAILURE; LIVER FAILURE;

EID: 33747390457     PISSN: 00903493     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/01.CCM.0000231882.85350.71     Document Type: Review

References (76)

1. Gines P, Quintero E, Arroyo V, et al: Compensated cirrhosis: Natural history and prognostic factors. Hepatology 1987; 7:122-128
2. Cattau EL, Benjamin SB, Knuff TE, et al: The accuracy of the physical examination in the diagnosis of suspected ascites. JAMA 1982; 247:1164-1166
3. Nzeer SR, Dewbre H, Miller AH: Ultrasound-assisted paracentesis performed by emergency physicians vs the traditional technique: A prospective, randomized study. Am J Emerg Med 2005; 23:363-367
4. Pare P, Talbot J, Hoefs JC: Serum-ascites albumin concentration gradient: A physiologic approach to the differential diagnosis of ascites. Gastroenterology 1983; 85:240-244
5. Garcia-Tsao G: Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 1992; 21:257-275
6. Castellote J, Lopez C, Gornals J, et al: Rapid diagnosis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis by use of reagent strips. Hepatology 2003; 37:893-896
7. Runyon BA: Strips and tubes: Improving the diagnosis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. Hepatology 2003; 36:745-747
8. Thuluvath PJ, Morss S, Thompson R: Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis-in-hospital mortality, predictors of survival, and health care costs from 1988 to 1998. Am J Gastroenterol 2001; 96:1232-1236
9. Runyon BA, Hoefs JC, Morgan TR: Ascitic fluid analysis in malignancy-related ascites. Hepatology 1988; 8:1104-1109
10. Runyon BA: Amylase levels in ascitic fluid. J Clin Gastroenterol 1987; 9:172-174
11. Runyon BA, Hoefs JC: Ascitic fluid analysis in the differentiation of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis from gastrointestinal tract perforation into ascetic fluid. Hepatology 1984; 4:447-450
12. Fogel, MR, Sawhney VK, Neal EA, et al: Diuresis in the ascitic patient: A randomized controlled trial of three regimens. J Clin Gastroenterol 1981; 3(Suppl 1):73-80
13. Runyon BA: Management of adult patients with ascites caused by cirrhosis. Hepatology 1998; 27:264-272
14. Kalambokis G, Economou M, Fotopoulos A, et al: The effects of chronic treatment with octreotide versus octreotide plus milrinone on systemic hemodynamics and renal hemodynamics and function in nonazotemic cirrhotic patients with ascites. Am J Gastroenterol 2005; 100:879-885
15. Runyon BA: The evolution of ascitic fluid analysis in the diagnosis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. Am J Gastroenterol 2003; 98:1675-1677
16. Mowat C, Stanley AJ: Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis: Diagnosis, treatment and prevention [review]. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2001; 15:1851-1859
17. Soares-Weiser K, Paul M, Brezis M, et al: Antibiotic treatment for spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. BMJ 2002; 324:100-103
18. Sort P, Navasa M, Arroyo V, et al: Effect of intravenous albumin on renal impairment and mortality in patients with cirrhosis and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. N Engl J Med 1999; 341:403-409
19. Gines P, Uriz J, Calahorra B, et al: Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunting versus paracentesis plus albumin for refractory ascites in cirrhosis. Gastroenterology 2002; 123:1839-1847
20. Deltenre P, Mathurin P, Dharancy S, et al: Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt in refractory ascites: A meta-analysis. Liver Int 2005; 25:349-356
21. Malichok M, Kamath PS, Gordon FD, et al: A model to predict poor survival in patients undergoing TIPS. Hepatology 2000; 31:864-871
22. Peron JM, Barange K, Otal P, et al: Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts in the treatment of refractory ascites: Results in 48 consecutive patients. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2000; 11:1211-1216
23. Bhattacharya A, Mittal BR, Biswas T, et al: Radioisotope scintigraphy in the diagnosis of hepatic hydrothorax. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2001; 16:317-321
24. Spencer EB, Cohen DT, Darcy MD: Safety and efficacy of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt creation for the treatment of hepatic hydrothorax. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2002; 13:385-390
25. Arroyo V, Gines P, Gerbes AL, et al: Definition and diagnostic criteria of refractory ascites and hepatorenal syndrome. Hepatology 1996; 23:164-176
26. Schrier RW, Arroyo V, Bernardi M, et al: Peripheral arterial vasodilation hypothesis: A proposal for the initiation of renal sodium and water retention in cirrhosis. Hepatology 1988; 8:1151-1170
27. Cardenas A, Uriz J, Gines P, et al: Hepatorenal syndrome. Liver Transpl 2000; 6:S63-S71
28. Gines A, Escorsell A, Gines P, et al: Incidence, predictive factors, and prognosis of the hepatorenal syndrome in cirrhosis with ascites. Gastroenterology 1993; 105:229-236
29. Witzke O, Baumann M, Patschan D, et al: Which patients benefit from hemodialysis therapy in hepatorenal syndrome? J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2004; 19:1369-1373
30. Esler M, Dudly F, Jennings G, et al: Increased sympathetic nervous activity and the effects of its inhibition with clonidine in alcoholic cirrhosis. Ann Intern Med 1992; 116:446-455
31. Nair S, Verma S, Thuluvath PJ: Pretransplant renal function predicts survival in patients undergoing orthotopic liver transplantation. Hepatology 2002; 35:1179-1185
32. Angeli P, Volpin R, Gerunda G, et al: Reversal of type 1 hepatorenal syndrome with the administration of midodrine and octreotide. Hepatology 1999; 29:1690-1697
33. Malinchoc M, Kamath PS, Gordon FD, et al: Hepatology: A model to predict poor survival in patients undergoing transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts. Hepatology 2000; 31:864-871
34. Solanki P, Stange J, Hassaneim TI, et al: The molecular adsorbents recycling system as a liver support system based on albumin dialysis: A summary of preclinical investigations, prospective randomized controlled clinical trial and clinical experience from 19 centers. Artif Organs 2001; 26:103-110
35. Mitzner SR, Stange J, Klammt S, et al: Improvement of hepatorenal syndrome with extracorporeal albumin dialysis MARS: Results of a prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trial. Liver Transpl 2000; 6:277-286
36. Butterworth RF: Complications of cirrhosis III: Hepatic encephalopathy. J Hepatol 2000; 32:171-180
37. Ferenci P, Lockwood A, Mullen K, et al: Hepatic encephalopathy: Definition, nomenclature, diagnosis, and quantification. Final report of the working party at the 11th World Congresses of Gastroenterology, Vienna, 1998. Hepatology 2002; 35:716-721
38. Cadranel JF, Lebiez E, Di Martino V, et al: Focal neurological signs in hepatic encephalopathy in cirrhotic patients: An underestimated entity? Am J Gastroenterol 2001; 96:515-518
39. Blei AT, Cordoba J: Hepatic encephalopathy. Am J Gastroenterol 2001; 96:1968-1976
40. Ong JP, Aggarwal A, Krieger D, et al: Correlation between ammonia levels and the severity of hepatic encephalopathy. Am J Med 2003; 114:188-193
41. Basile AS, Hughes RD, Harrison PM, et al: Elevated brain concentrations of 1,4-benzodiazepines in fulminant hepatic failure. N Engl J Med 1991; 325:473-478
42. Barbaro G, Di Lorenzo G, Soldini M, et al: Flumazenil for hepatic encephalopathy Grade III and IVa in patients with cirrhosis: An Italian multicenter double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study. Hepatology 1998; 28:374-378
43. Als-Nielsen B, Kjaergard LL, Gluud C: Benzodiazepine receptor antagonists for acute and chronic hepatic encephalopathy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2001; 4:CD002798
44. Goulenok C, Bernard B, Cadranel JF, et al: Flumazenil vs placebo in hepatic encephalopathy in patients with cirrhosis: A metaanalysis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2002; 16: 361-372
45. Stange J, Mitzner SR, Klammt S, et al: Liver support by extracorporeal blood purification: A clinical observation. Liver Transpl 2000; 6:603-613
46. Heemann U, Treichel U, Loock J, et al: Albumin dialysis in cirrhosis with superimposed acute liver injury: A prospective, controlled study. Hepatology 2002; 36:949-958
47. Kircheis G, Wettstein M, Dahl S, et al: Clinical efficacy of L-ornithine-L-aspartate in the management of hepatic encephalopathy. Metab Brain Dis 2002; 17:453-462
48. Bismuth H, Samuel D, Castaing D, et al: Liver transplantation in Europe for patients with acute liver failure. Semin Liver Dis 1996; 16:415-425
49. Ostapowicz G, Lee WM: Acute hepatic failure: A Western perspective. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2000; 15:480-488
50. Ostapowicz G, Fontana RJ, Schiodt FV, et al: Results of a prospective study of acute liver failure at 17 tertiary care centers in the United States. Ann Intern Med 2002; 137:947-954
51. Mas A, Rodes J: Fulminant hepatic failure. Lancet 1997; 349:1081-1085
52. Hoofnagle JH, Carithers RL Jr, Shapiro C, et al: Fulminant hepatic failure: Summary of a workshop. Hepatology 1995; 21:240-252
53. Blei AT, Larsen FS: Pathophysiology of cerebral edema in fulminant hepatic failure. J Hepatol 1999; 31:771-776
54. Wijdicks EF, Plevak DJ, Rakela J, et al: Clinical and radiologic features of cerebral edema in fulminant hepatic failure. Mayo Clin Proc 1995; 70:119-124
55. Shakil AO, Mazariegos GV, Kramer DJ: Liver transplantation: Current management, fulminant hepatic failure. Surg Clin North Am 1999; 79:77-108
56. Fontana RJ, Quallich L: Acute liver failure. Curr Opin Gastroenterol 2001; 17:291-298
57. Rolando N, Harvey F, Brahm J, et al: Fungal infection: A common, unrecognized complication of acute liver failure. J Hepatol 1991; 12:1
58. Agarwal R, Farber MO: Is continuous venovenous hemofiltration for acetaminopheninduced acute liver and renal failure worthwhile? Clin Nephrol 2002; 57:167-170
59. Shami VM, Caldwell SH, Hespenheide EE, et al: Recombinant activated factor VII for coagulopathy in fulminant hepatic failure compared with conventional therapy. Liver Transpl 2003; 9:138-143
60. Lee WM: Acute liver failure in the United States. Semin Liver Dis 2003; 23:271-282
61. Munoz SJ, Moritz MJ, Martin P, et al: Relationship between cerebral perfusion pressure and systemic hemodynamics in fulminant hepatic failure. Transplant Proc 1993; 25: 1776-1778
62. Lidofsky SD, Bass NM, Prager MC, et al: Intracranial pressure monitoring and liver transplantation for fulminant hepatic failure. Hepatology 1992; 16:1-7
63. Daas M, Plevak DJ, Wijdicks EF, et al: Acute liver failure: results of a 5-year clinical protocol. Liver Transpl Surg 1995; 1:210-219
64. Kalicinski P, Kaminski A, Drewniak T, et al: Quick correction of hemostasis in two patients with fulminant liver failure undergoing liver transplantation by recombinant activated factor VII. Transplant Proc 1999; 31:378-379
65. Shakil AO, Kramer D, Mazariegos GV, et al: Acute liver failure: Clinical features, outcome analysis, and applicability of prognostic criteria. Liver Transpl 2000; 6:163-169
66. Canalese J, Gimson AE, Davis C, et al: Controlled trial of dexamethasone and mannitol for the cerebral oedema of fulminant hepatic failure. Gut 1982; 23:625-629
67. Wijdicks EF, Nyberg SL: Propofol to control intracranial pressure in fulminant hepatic failure. Transplant Proc 2002; 34:1220-1222
68. Jalan R, Damink SW, Deutz NE, et al: Moderate hypothermia for uncontrolled intracranial hypertension in acute liver failure. Lancet 1999; 354:1164-1168
69. Jalan R, Olde Damink SW, Deutz NE, et al: Moderate hypothermia prevents cerebral hyperemia and increase in intracranial pressure in patients undergoing liver transplantation for acute liver failure. Transplantation 2003; 75:2034-2039
70. McCashland TM, Shaw BW Jr, Tape E: The American experience with transplantation for acute liver failure. Semin Liver Dis 1996; 16:427-433
71. O'Grady JG, Alexander GJ, Hayllar KM, et al: Early indicators of prognosis in fulminant hepatic failure. Gastroenterology 1989; 97:439-445
72. Bailey B, Amre DK, Gaudrealt P: Fulminant hepatic failure secondary to acetaminophen poisoning: A systematic review and meta-analysis of prognostic criteria determining the need for liver transplantation. Crit Care Med 2003; 31:299-305
73. Bernal W, Donaldson N, Wyncoll D, et al: Blood lactate as an early predictor of outcome in paracetamol-induced acute liver failure: A cohort study. Lancet 2002; 359:558-563
74. Lee DS, Woo JG, Lee HH, et al: Auxiliary partial orthotopic liver transplantation in the treatment of acute liver failure: A case report. Transplant Proc 2004; 36:2228-2229
75. Kjaergard LL, Liu J, Als-Nielsen B, et al: Artificial and bioartificial support systems for acute and acute-on-chronic liver failure. JAMA 2003; 289:217-222
76. Bilir BM, Guinette D, Karrer F, et al: Hepatocyte transplantation in acute liver failure. Liver Transpl 2000; 6:32-40