HIV recombination: What is the impact on antiretroviral therapy?

Journal of the Royal Society Interface

Volumn 2, Issue 5, 2005, Pages 489-503

  Fraser, Christophe ^a  

^a IMPERIAL COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Drug resistance; Mathematical model; Recombination; Treatment failure

Indexed keywords

ANTI HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS AGENT;

ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE; ARTICLE; BIOLOGICAL MODEL; COMPUTER SIMULATION; DRUG EFFECT; GENETIC RECOMBINATION; GENETICS; HIGHLY ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; POPULATION GENETICS; RADIATION EXPOSURE; VIROLOGY; VIRUS REPLICATION;

ANTI-HIV AGENTS; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY, HIGHLY ACTIVE; COMPUTER SIMULATION; DRUG RESISTANCE, VIRAL; GENETICS, POPULATION; HIV; HIV INFECTIONS; MODELS, GENETIC; RECOMBINATION, GENETIC; VIRUS REPLICATION;

EID: 33747112447     PISSN: 17425689     EISSN: 17425662     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2005.0064     Document Type: Article

References (29)

1. Barton, N. H. & Charlesworth, B. 1998 Why sex and recombination? Science 281, 1986-1990. (doi:10.1126/science.281.5385.1986.)
2. Boerlijst, M. C., Bonhoeffer, S. & Nowak, M. A. 1996 Viral quasi-species and recombination. Proc. R. Soc. B 263, 1577-1584.
3. Bonhoeffer, S. & Nowak, M. A. 1997 Pre-existence and emergence of drug resistance in HIV-1 infection. Proc. R. Soc. B 264, 631-637. (doi:10.1098/rspb.1997.0089.)
4. Bretscher, M. T., Althaus, C. L., Muller, V. & Bonhoeffer, S. 2004 Recombination in HIV and the evolution of drug resistance: for better or for worse? Bioessays 26, 180-188. (doi:10.1002/bies.10386.)
5. Burke, D. S. 1997 Recombination in HIV: an important viral evolutionary strategy. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 3, 253-259.
6. Dixit, N. M. & Perelson, A. S. 2004 Multiplicity of human immunodeficiency virus infections in lymphoid tissue. J. Virol. 78, 8942-8945. (doi:10.1128/JVI.78.16.8942-8945.2004.)
7. Fraser, C., Ferguson, N. M. & Anderson, R. M. 2001 Quantification of intrinsic residual viral replication in treated HIV-infected patients. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 98, 15 167-15 172. (doi:10.1073/pnas.261283598.)
8. Fraser, C., Bartley, L. & Anderson, R. M. 2003 HIV viral sex: inbreeding, recombination, drug resistance and clinical outcome. In XII International HIV Drug Resistance Workshop: basic principles and clinical implications, Los Cabos, Mexico.
9. Gerstoft, J., Kirk, O., Obel, N., Pedersen, C., Mathiesen, L., Nielsen, H., Katzenstein, T. L. & Lundgren, J. D. 2003 Low efficacy and high frequency of adverse events in a randomized trial of the triple nucleoside regimen abacavir, stavudine and didanosine. AIDS 17, 2045-2052. (doi:10.1097/00002030-200309260-00005.)
10. Gu, Z., Gao, Q., Faust, E. A. & Wainberg, M. A. 1995 Possible involvement of cell fusion and viral recombination in generation of human immunodeficiency virus variants that display dual resistance to AZT and 3TC. J. Gen. Virol. 76, 2601-2605.
11. Gulick, R. M. et al. 2004 Triple-nucleoside regimens versus efavirenz-containing regimens for the initial treatment of HIV-1 infection. N. Engl. J. Med. 350, 1850-1861. (doi:10.1056/NEJMoa031772.)
12. Ho, D. D., Neumann, A. U., Perelson, A. S., Chen, W., Leonard, J. M. & Markowitz, M. 1995 Rapid turnover of plasma virions and CD4 lymphocytes in HIV-1 infection. Nature 373, 123-126. (doi:10.1038/373123a0.)
13. Hockett, R. D. et al. 1999 Constant mean viral copy number per infected cell in tissues regardless of high, low, or undetectable plasma HIV RNA. J. Exp. Med. 189, 1545-1554. (doi:10.1084/jem.189.10.1545.)
14. Hu, W. S. & Temin, H. M. 1990 Genetic consequences of packaging two RNA genomes in one retroviral particle: pseudodiploidy and high rate of genetic recombination. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 87, 1556-1560.
15. Jetzt, A. E., Yu, H., Klarmaim, G. J., Ron, Y., Preston, B. D. & Dougherty, J. P. 2000 High rate of recombination throughout the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 genome. J. Virol. 74, 1234-1240. (doi:10.1128/JVI.74.3.1234-1240.2000.)
16. Jones, J. S., Allan, R. W. & Temin, H. M. 1994 One retroviral RNA is sufficient for synthesis of viral DNA. J. Virol. 68, 207-216.
17. Jung, A., Maier, R., Vartanian, J. P., Bocharov, G., Jung, V., Fischer, U., Meese, E., Wain-Hobson, S. & Meyerhans, A. 2002 Multiply infected spleen cells in HIV patients. Nature 418, 144. (doi:10.1038/418144a.)
18. Kellam, P. & Larder, B. A. 1995 Retroviral recombination can lead to linkage of reverse transcriptase mutations that confer increased zidovudine resistance. J. Virol. 69, 669-674.
19. Levy, D. N., Aldrovandi, G. M., Kutsch, O. & Shaw, G. M. 2004 Dynamics of HIV-1 recombination in its natural target cells. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 101, 4204-4209. (doi:10.1073/pnas.0306764101.)
20. Moutouh, L., Corbeil, J. & Richman, D. D. 1996 Recombination leads to the rapid emergence of HIV-1 dually resistant mutants under selective drug pressure. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 93, 6106-6111. (doi:10.1073/pnas.93.12.6106. )
21. Novick, A. & Szilard, L. 1951 Virus strains of identical phenotype but different genotype. Science 113, 34-35.
22. Nowak, M. A. & May, R. M. 2000 Virus dynamics: mathematical principles of immunology and virology. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
23. Phillips, A. N., Youle, M., Johnson, M. & Loveday, C. 2001 Use of a stochastic model to develop understanding of the impact of different patterns of antiretroviral drug use on resistance development. AIDS 15, 2211-2220. (doi:10.1097/00002030-200111230-00001.)
24. Ribeiro, R. M. & Bonhoeffer, S. 2000 Production of resistant HIV mutants during antiretroviral therapy. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 97, 7681-7686. (doi:10.1073/pnas.97.14.7681.)
25. Ribeiro, R. M., Bonhoeffer, S. & Nowak, M. A. 1998 The frequency of resistant mutant virus before antiviral therapy. AIDS 12, 461-465. (doi:10.1097/00002030-199805000-00006.)
26. Stevenson, M., Stanwick, T. L., Dempsey, M. P. & Lamonica, C. A. 1990 HIV-1 replication is controlled at the level of T cell activation and pro viral integration. EMBO J. 9, 1551-1560.
27. Wain-Hobson, S., Renoux-Elbe, C., Vartanian, J. P. & Meyerhans, A. 2003 Network analysis of human and simian immunodeficiency virus sequence sets reveals massive recombination resulting in shorter pathways. J. Gen. Virol. 84, 885-895. (doi:10.1099/vir.0.18894-0.)
28. Wei, X. et al. 1995 Viral dynamics in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. Nature 373, 117-122. (doi:10.1038/373117a0.)
29. Zhuang, J., Jetzt, A. E., Sun, G., Yu, H., Klarmann, G., Ron, Y., Preston, B. D. & Dougherty, J. P. 2002 Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 recombination: rate, fidelity, and putative hot spots. J. Virol. 76, 11 273-11 282. (doi:10.1128/JVI.76.22.11273-11282.2002.)