Recombination in HIV: An Important Viral Evolutionary Strategy

Emerging Infectious Diseases

Volumn 3, Issue 3, 1997, Pages 253-259

  Burke, Donald S ^a  

^a WALTER REED ARMY INSTITUTE OF RESEARCH   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANIMAL; CYTOPATHOGENIC EFFECT; EVOLUTION; GENETIC RECOMBINATION; GENETICS; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS 1; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE; PATHOGENICITY; PHYSIOLOGY; REVIEW; SUPERINFECTION; TRANSACTIVATION; VIROLOGY; VIRUS REPLICATION;

ANIMALS; CYTOPATHOGENIC EFFECT, VIRAL; DRUG RESISTANCE, MULTIPLE; EVOLUTION; HIV INFECTIONS; HIV-1; HUMANS; RECOMBINATION, GENETIC; SUPERINFECTION; TRANS-ACTIVATION (GENETICS); VIRUS REPLICATION;

EID: 0031179130     PISSN: 10806040     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3201/eid0303.970301     Document Type: Review

References (40)

1. Coffin JM. Genetic diversity and evolution of retroviruses. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 1992; 176:143-64.
2. Hu W-S, Temin HM. Genetic consequences of packaging two RNA genomes in one retroviral particle: pseudodiploidy and high rate of genetic recombination. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1990;87:1556-60.
3. Robertson DL, Hahn BH, Sharp PM. Recombination in AIDS viruses. J Mol Evol 1995;40:249-59.
4. Temin HM. Sex and recombination in retroviruses. Trends Genet 1991;7:71-4.
5. Wain-Hobson S. The fastest genome evolution ever described: HIV variation in situ. Curr Opin Genet Dev 1993;3:878-83.
6. Holland J, Spindler K, Horodyski F, Grabau E, Nichol S, VandePol S. Rapid evolution of RNA genomes. Science 1982;215:1577-85.
7. Felsenstein J, Yokoyama S. The evolutionary advantage of recombination. II. Individual selection for recombination. Genetics 1976;83:845-59.
8. Kauffman SA. The origins of order. New York: Oxford University Press; 1993. p. 114-7.
9. Kirkegaard K, Baltimore D. The mechanism of RNA recombination in poliovirus. Cell 1986;47:433-43.
10. Zhang J, Temin HM. Retrovirus recombination depends on the length of sequence identity and is not error prone. J Virol 1994;68:2409-14.
11. Li WH, Tanimura M, Sharp PM. Rates and dates of divergence between AIDS virus nucleotide sequences. Mol Biol Evol 1988;5:313-30.
12. Jin MJ, Hui H, Robertson DL, Muller MC, Barre-Sinoussi F, Hirsch VM, et al. Mosaic genome structure of simian immunodeficiency virus from West African green monkeys. EMBO J 1994;13:2935-47.
13. Robertson DL, Sharp PM, McCutchan FE, Hahn BH. Recombination in HTV-1 [letter]. Nature 1995;9:374:124-6.
14. Louwagie J, Janssens W, Mascola J, Heyndrickx L, Hegerich P, van der Groen G, et al. Genetic diversity of the envelope glycoprotein from human immuno-deficiency virus type 1 isolates of African origin. J Virol 1995;69:263-71.
15. McCutchan FE, Artenstein AW, Sanders-Buell E, Salminen MO, Carr JK, Mascola JR, et al. Diversity of the envelope glycoprotein among human immuno-deficiency virus type 1 isolates of clade E from Asia and Africa. J Virol 1996;70:3331-8.
16. Sabino EC, Shpaer EG, Morgado MG, Korber BT, Diaz RS, Bongertz V, et al. Identification of human immuno-deficiency virus type 1 envelope genes recombinant between subtypes B and F in two epidemiologically linked individuals from Brazil. J Virol 1994;68:6340-6.
17. Zhu T, Wang N, Carr A, Wolinsky S, Ho DD. Evidence of coinfection by multiple strains of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subtype B in an acute seroconvertor. J Virol 1995;69:1324-7.
18. Diaz RS, Sabino EC, Mayer A, Mosley JW, Busch MP, the Transfusion Safety Study Group. Dual human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection and recombination in a dually exposed transfusion recipient. J Virol 1995;69:3273-81.
19. Salminen MO, Carr JK, Robertson DL, Hegerich P, Gotte D, Koch C, et al. Evolution and probable transmission of inter-subtype recombinant HIV-1 in a Zambian couple. J Virol 1997;71:2647-55.
20. Paillart J-C, Skripkiin E, Ehresmann B, Ehresmann C, Marquet R. A loop-loop "kissing" complex is the essential part of the dimer linkage of genomic HIV-1 RNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1996;93:5572-7.
21. Huber HE, McCoy JM, Seehra JS, Richardson CC. Human immunodeficiency virus 1 reverse transcriptase: template binding, processivity, strand displacement synthesis, and template switching. J Biol Chem 1989;264:4669-78.
22. Fouchier RA, Meyaard L, Brouwer M, Hovenkamp E, Schuitemaker H. Broader tropism and higher cytopathicity for CD4+ T cells of a syncytium-inducing compared to a non-syncytium-inducing HIV-1 isolate as a mechanism for accelerated CD4+ T cell decline in vivo. Virology 1996;219:87-95.
23. Thomas CA, Dobkin J, Weinberger OK. Tat-mediated transcellular activation of HIV-1 long terminal repeat directed gene expression by HIV-1-infected peripheral blood mononuclear cells. J Immunol 1994;153:3831-9.
24. Khabbaz RF, Heneine W, George JR, Parekh B, Rowe T, Woods T, et al. Brief report: infection of a laboratory worker with simian immunodeficiency virus. N Engl J Med 1994;330:172-7.
25. Chen Z, Telfer P, Cettie A, Reed A, Zhang L, Ho D, et al. Genetic characterization of new West African simian immunodeficiency virus SIVsm: geographic clustering of household-derived SIV strains with human immuno-deficiency virus type 2 subtypes and genetically diverse viruses from a single feral sooty mangabey troop. J Virol 1996;70:3617-27.
26. Luciw PA, Pratt-Lowe E, Shaw KE, Levy JA, Cheng-Mayer C. Persistent infection of rhesus macaques with T-cell-line-tropic and macrophage-tropic clones of simian/ human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV). Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1995;92:7490-4.
27. Jezek Z, Fenner F. Human monkeypox. In: Virology monographs. Basel (Switzerland): Karger; 1988. p. 17.
28. Hu DJ, Dondero TJ, Rayfield MA, George JR, Schochetman G, Jaffe HW, et al. The emerging genetic diversity of HIV. JAMA 1996;275:210-6.
29. Burke DS, McCutchan FE. Global distribution of HTV-1 clades. In: Devita VT, Hellman S, Rosenberg S, editors. AIDS: biology, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. 4th ed. New York: Lippincott-Raven Publishers; 1997.
30. Marlink R, Kanki P, Thior I, Travers K, Eisen G, Siby T, et al. Reduced rate of disease development after HIV-2 infection as compared to HIV-1. Science 1994;265:1587-90.
31. Artenstein AW, VanCott TC, Mascola JR, Carr JK, Hegerich PA, Gaywee J, et al. Dual infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 of distinct envelope subtypes in humans. J Infect Dis 1995;171:805-10.
32. Heyndrickx L, Alary M, Janssens W, Davo N, van der Groen G. HIV-I group O and group M dual infection in Benin [letter]. Lancet 1996;347:902-3.
33. Fultz PN, Srinivasan A, Greene CR, Butler D, Swenson RB, McClure Hm. Superinfection of a chimpanzee with a second strain of human immunodeficiency virus. J Virol 1987;61:4026-9.
34. Kim JH, McLinden RJ, Mosca JD, Burke DS, Boswell RN, Birx DL, et al. Transcriptional effects of super-infection in HIV chronically infected T cells: studies in dually infected clones. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol 1996;12:329-42.
35. Soto-Ramirez LE, Renjifo B, McLane MF, Marlink R, O'Hara C, Sutthent R, et al. HIV-1 Langerhans' cell tropism associated with heterosexual transmission of HIV. Science 1996;271:1291-3.
36. Kellam P, Larder BA. Retroviral recombination can lead to linkage of reverse transcriptase mutations that confer increased zidovudine resistance. J Virol 1995;69:669-74.
37. Gu Z, Gao Q, Faust EA, Wainberg MA. Possible involvement of cell fusion and viral recombination in generation of human immunodeficiency virus variants that display dual resistance to AZT and 3TC. J Gen Virol 1995;76:2601-5.
38. Caliendo AM, Savara A, An D, DeVore K, Kaplan JC, D'Aquila RT. Effects of zidovudine-selected human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase amino acid substitutions on processive DNA synthesis and viral replication. J Virol 1996;70:2146-53.
39. Burke DS. Review: human trials of experimental HIV vaccines. AIDS 1995;9:S171-S80.
40. Zheng DP, Zhang LB, Fang ZY, Yang CF, Mulders M, Pallansch MA, et al. Distribution of wild type 1 poliovirus genotypes in China. J Infect Dis 1993;168:1361-7.