The quest for invisibility: Female entrepreneurs and the masculine norm of entrepreneurship

Gender, Work and Organization

Volumn 13, Issue 5, 2006, Pages 453-469

  Lewis, Patricia ^a  

^a BRUNEL UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Female entrepreneurs; Gender blindness; Invisibility

Indexed keywords

BUSINESS; ENTREPRENEUR; FIRM OWNERSHIP; GENDER DISPARITY; MASCULINIZATION; WOMENS STATUS;

EID: 33746994539     PISSN: 09686673     EISSN: 14680432     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-0432.2006.00317.x     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. Acker, J. (1990) Hierarchies, jobs, bodies: A theory of gendered organizations. Gender & Society, 4, 2, 139-58.
2. Ahl, H.J. (2002) The construction of the female entrepreneur as the Other. In Czarniawska, B. and Hopfl, H. (eds) Casting the Other: The Production and Maintenance of Inequalities in Work Organizations, pp. 52-67. London: Routledge.
3. Allen, S. and Truman, C. (1993) Women and men entrepreneurs: Life strategies, business strategies. In Allen, S. and Truman, C. (eds) Women in Business: Perspectives on Women Entrepreneurs, pp. 1-19. London: Routledge.
4. Alvesson, M. and Deetz, S. (2000) Doing Critical Management Research. London: Sage.
5. Ball, S.J., Vincent, C., Kemp, S. and Pietikainen, S. (2004) Middle-class factions, childcare and the 'relational' and 'normative' aspects of class practices. Sociological Review, 52, 3, 478-502.
6. Berg, N. (1997) Gender, place and entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 9, 4, 259-68.
7. Bridge, S., O'Neill, K. and Cromie, S. (1998) Understanding Enterprise, Entrepreneurship and Small Business. London: Macmillan Business.
8. Bruni, A., Gherardi, S. and Poggio, B. (2004a) Entrepreneur-mentality, gender and the study of women entrepreneurs. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 17, 3, 256-68.
9. Bruni, A., Gherardi, S. and Poggio, B. (2004b) Doing gender, doing entrepreneurship: An ethnographic account of intertwined practices. Gender, Work & Organization, 11, 4, 406-29.
10. Carland, J.W., Hoy, F., Boulton, W.R. and Carland, J.C. (1984) Differentiating entrepreneurs from small business owners: A conceptualization. Academy of Management Review, 9, 2, 354-59.
11. Carr, P. (2000) The Age of Enterprise: The Emergence and Evolution of Entrepreneurial Management. Dublin: Blackhall Press.
12. Collinson, D. (2003) Identities and insecurities: Selves at work. Organization, 10, 3, 527-47.
13. Fenwick, T.J. (2002a) Transgressive desires: New enterprising selves in the new capitalism. Work, Employment & Society, 16, 4, 703-23.
14. Fenwick, T.J. (2002b) Lady, Inc.: Women learning, negotiating subjectivity in entrepreneurial discourses. International Journal of Lifelong Education, 21, 2, 162-77.
15. Gamber, W. (1998) A gendered enterprise: Placing nineteenth-century businesswomen in history. Business History Review, 72, Summer, 188-218.
16. Green, E. and Cohen, L. (1995) Women';s business: Are women entrepreneurs breaking new ground or simply balancing the demands of 'women's work' in a new way? Journal of Gender Studies, 4, 3, 297-314.
17. Hall, S. (1990) The whites of their eyes: Racist ideologies and the media. In King, A. (ed.) Culture, Globalization and the World System, pp. 19-39. London: Macmillan.
18. Krefting, L.A. (2003) Intertwined discourses of merit and gender: Evidence from academic employment in the USA. Gender, Work and Organization, 10, 2, 260-78.
19. Laclau, E. (1990) New Reflections on the Revolution of Our Time. London: Verso.
20. Lam, M. (2004) The perception of inequalities: A gender case study. Sociology, 38, 1, 5-23.
21. Lee-Gosselin, H. and Grise, J. (1990) Are women owner-managers challenging our definitions of entrepreneurship? An in-depth survey. Journal of Business Ethics, 9, 4-5, 423-33.
22. Lewis, A.E. (2004) 'What group?' Studying whites and whiteness in the era of 'color-blindness'. Sociological Theory, 22, 4, 623-46.
23. Lipsitz, G. (1998) The Possessive Investment in Whiteness. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press.
24. Maier, M. (1997) Gender equity, organizational transformation and challenger. Journal of Business Ethics, 16, 9, 943-62.
25. Marlow, S. (2002) Women and self-employment: A part of or apart from theoretical construct? The International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation, 3, 2, 83-91.
26. Merrett, C.D. and Gruidl, J.J. (2000) Small business ownership in Illinois: The effect of gender and location on entrepreneurial success. Professional Geographer, 52, 3, 425-36.
27. Mirchandani, K. (1999) Feminist insight on gendered work: New directions in research on women and entrepreneurship. Gender, Work & Organization, 6, 4, 224-35.
28. Oakley, J.G. (2000) Gender-based barriers to senior management positions: Understanding the scarcity of female CEOs. Journal of Business Ethics, 27, 4, 321-34.
29. Olsson, S. (2000) Acknowledging the female archetype: Women managers' narratives of gender. Women in Management Review, 15, 5/6, 296-302.
30. Piderit, S.K. and Ashford, S.J. (2003) Breaking silence: Tactical choices women managers make in speaking up about gender-equity issues. Journal of Management Studies, 40, 6, 1477-502.
31. Pierce, J.L. (2003) 'Racing for innocence': Whiteness, corporate culture, and the backlash against affirmative action. Qualitative Sociology, 26, 1, 53-70.
32. Rhode, D.L. (1988) Perspectives on professional women. Stanford Law Review, 40, 5, 1164-1207.
33. Robinson, S. (2000) Marked Men: White Masculinity in Crisis. New York: Columbia University Press.
34. Scully, M.A. (2003) Meritocracy. In Ely, R.J., Foldy, E.G. and Scully, M.A. (eds) Reader in Gender, Work and Organization, pp. 284-86. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.
35. Storey, D. (1994) Understanding the Small Business Sector. London: Routledge.
36. West, C. and Zimmerman, D.H. (1987) Doing gender. Gender & Society, 1, 2, 125-51.
37. Whitehead, S. (2001) The invisible gendered subject: Men in education management. Journal of Gender Studies, 10, 1, 67-82.
38. Wilson, F. (199B) Research note: Organization theory: blind and deaf to gender? Organization Studies, 17, 5, 825-42.
39. Young, I.M. (1994) Gender as seriality: Thinking about woman as a social collective. Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society, 19, 3, 713-38.