메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 6, Issue 1, 2006, Pages 37-42

How does exercise cause asthma attacks?

Author keywords

Airway injury; Bronchoconstriction; Exercise; Mast cells; Mediators

Indexed keywords

ADENOSINE; ARACHIDONATE 5 LIPOXYGENASE; CORTICOSTEROID; CROMOGLYCATE DISODIUM; FORMOTEROL; HISTAMINE; LORATADINE; MONTELUKAST; PEPTIDOLEUKOTRIENE; PROSTAGLANDIN; AUTACOID; LEUKOTRIENE E4; PROSTAGLANDIN F2 ALPHA;

EID: 33746718743     PISSN: 15284050     EISSN: 14736322     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/01.all.0000199797.02423.78     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (79)

References (58)
  • 1
    • 0034501978 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The mechanism of exercise-induced asthma is...
    • Anderson SD, Daviskas E. The mechanism of exercise-induced asthma is. . .. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2000; 106:453-459.
    • (2000) J Allergy Clin Immunol , vol.106 , pp. 453-459
    • Anderson, S.D.1    Daviskas, E.2
  • 3
    • 0024381907 scopus 로고
    • Exercise-induced asthma: A difference in opinion regarding the stimulus
    • Anderson SD, Daviskas E, Smith CM. Exercise-induced asthma: a difference in opinion regarding the stimulus. Allergy Proc 1989; 10:215-226.
    • (1989) Allergy Proc , vol.10 , pp. 215-226
    • Anderson, S.D.1    Daviskas, E.2    Smith, C.M.3
  • 4
    • 0029029634 scopus 로고
    • Changes in mucociliary clearance during and after isocapnic hyperventilation in asthmatic and healthy subjects
    • Daviskas E, Anderson SD, Gonda I, et al. Changes in mucociliary clearance during and after isocapnic hyperventilation in asthmatic and healthy subjects. Eur Respir J 1995; 8:742-751.
    • (1995) Eur Respir J , vol.8 , pp. 742-751
    • Daviskas, E.1    Anderson, S.D.2    Gonda, I.3
  • 5
    • 0343924206 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dry gas hyperpnea changes airway reactivity and ion content of rabbit tracheal wall
    • Högman M, Hjoberg, Mörk A-C, et al. Dry gas hyperpnea changes airway reactivity and ion content of rabbit tracheal wall. Respir Physiol 1997; 109:65-72.
    • (1997) Respir Physiol , vol.109 , pp. 65-72
    • Högman, M.1    Hjoberg2    Mörk, A.-C.3
  • 6
    • 0032962983 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyperventilation with dry air increases airway surface fluid osmolality in canine peripheral airways
    • Freed AN, Davis MS. Hyperventilation with dry air increases airway surface fluid osmolality in canine peripheral airways. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1999; 159:1101-1107.
    • (1999) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.159 , pp. 1101-1107
    • Freed, A.N.1    Davis, M.S.2
  • 7
    • 0037839339 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Airway surface fluid desiccation during isocapnic hyperpnea
    • Davis MS, Daviskas E, Anderson SD, et al. Airway surface fluid desiccation during isocapnic hyperpnea. J Appl Physiol 2003; 94:2545-2547.
    • (2003) J Appl Physiol , vol.94 , pp. 2545-2547
    • Davis, M.S.1    Daviskas, E.2    Anderson, S.D.3
  • 8
    • 14744283636 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction: Pathogenesis
    • Anderson SD, Kippelen P. Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction: pathogenesis. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2005; 5:116-122. Suggests that airway injury and plasma exudation result in alterations in the contractile properties of smooth muscle to cause bronchial hyperresponsiveness and that these events allow circulating mediators to cause EIB.
    • (2005) Curr Allergy Asthma Rep , vol.5 , pp. 116-122
    • Anderson, S.D.1    Kippelen, P.2
  • 10
    • 0034517338 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exercise-induced asthma: Is it the right diagnosis in elite athletes?
    • Anderson SD, Holzer K. Exercise-induced asthma: Is it the right diagnosis in elite athletes? J Allergy Clin Immunol 2000; 106:419-428.
    • (2000) J Allergy Clin Immunol , vol.106 , pp. 419-428
    • Anderson, S.D.1    Holzer, K.2
  • 11
    • 0036773382 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of the depth and composition of the airway surface liquid
    • Widdicombe JH. Regulation of the depth and composition of the airway surface liquid. J Anat 2002; 201:313-318.
    • (2002) J Anat , vol.201 , pp. 313-318
    • Widdicombe, J.H.1
  • 12
    • 27444444705 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Normal and cystic fibrosis airway surface liquid homeostasis: The effects of phasic shear stress and viral infections
    • Tarran R, Button B, Picher M, et al. Normal and cystic fibrosis airway surface liquid homeostasis: The effects of phasic shear stress and viral infections. J Biol Chem 2005; 280:35751-35759. Demonstrates release of adenosine in response to shear stress and that this may be the mechanism whereby airway surface liquid is controlled during exercise.
    • (2005) J Biol Chem , vol.280 , pp. 35751-35759
    • Tarran, R.1    Button, B.2    Picher, M.3
  • 13
    • 4344619319 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nucleotide release provides a mechanism for airway surface liquid homeostasis
    • Lazarowski ER, Tarran R, Grubb BR, et al. Nucleotide release provides a mechanism for airway surface liquid homeostasis. J Biol Chem 2004; 279:36855-36864.
    • (2004) J Biol Chem , vol.279 , pp. 36855-36864
    • Lazarowski, E.R.1    Tarran, R.2    Grubb, B.R.3
  • 14
    • 0038475924 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypertonic stress increases T cell interleukin-2 expression through a mechanism that involves ATP release, P2 receptor, and p38 MAPK activation
    • Loomis WH, Namiki S, Ostrom RS, et al. Hypertonic stress increases T cell interleukin-2 expression through a mechanism that involves ATP release, P2 receptor, and p38 MAPK activation. J Biol Chem 2003; 278:4590-4596.
    • (2003) J Biol Chem , vol.278 , pp. 4590-4596
    • Loomis, W.H.1    Namiki, S.2    Ostrom, R.S.3
  • 15
    • 18744404858 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adenosine level in exhaled breath increases during exercise-induced bronchoconstriction
    • Csoma Z, Huszar E, Vizi E, et al. Adenosine level in exhaled breath increases during exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. Eur Respir J 2005; 25:873-878. First report on finding adenosine in exhaled breath condensate relating to the severity of EIB.
    • (2005) Eur Respir J , vol.25 , pp. 873-878
    • Csoma, Z.1    Huszar, E.2    Vizi, E.3
  • 16
    • 0035989842 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adenosine-receptor subtypes: Their relevance to adenosine-mediated responses in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Polosa R. Adenosine-receptor subtypes: their relevance to adenosine-mediated responses in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Eur Respir J 2002; 20:488-496.
    • (2002) Eur Respir J , vol.20 , pp. 488-496
    • Polosa, R.1
  • 17
    • 0037297429 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methods for 'indirect' challenge tests including exercise, eucapnic voluntary hyperpnea and hypertonic aerosols
    • Anderson SD, Brannan JD. Methods for 'indirect' challenge tests including exercise, eucapnic voluntary hyperpnea and hypertonic aerosols. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2003; 24:63-90.
    • (2003) Clin Rev Allergy Immunol , vol.24 , pp. 63-90
    • Anderson, S.D.1    Brannan, J.D.2
  • 18
    • 85069429069 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inflammatory basis of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction
    • Hallstrand TS, Moody MW, Wurfel MM, et al. Inflammatory basis of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2005; 168:1181-1189. This is the first paper to report an increase in concentration of mediators in induced sputum following exercise and the reduction in concentration following treatment with a combination of a histamine and leukotriene receptor antagonist.
    • (2005) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.168 , pp. 1181-1189
    • Hallstrand, T.S.1    Moody, M.W.2    Wurfel, M.M.3
  • 19
    • 24644455662 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Airway immunopathology of asthma with exercise-induced bronchoconstriction
    • 1 of < 7% and concludes that airway injury, overexpression of cysteinyl leukotrienes, and an eosinophilia are features of EIB.
    • (2005) J Allergy Clin Immunol , vol.116 , pp. 586-593
    • Hallstrand, T.S.1    Moody, M.W.2    Aitken, M.L.3
  • 20
    • 0002876364 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Airway epithelial restitution after shedding and denudation
    • Crystal RG, West JB, Barnes PJ, Weibel ER, editors. Philadelphia: Lippencott-Raven
    • Persson CGA, Erjefalt JS. Airway epithelial restitution after shedding and denudation. In: Crystal RG, West JB, Barnes PJ, Weibel ER, editors. The Lung, 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Lippencott-Raven; 1997. pp. 2611-2627.
    • (1997) The Lung, 2nd Ed. , pp. 2611-2627
    • Persson, C.G.A.1    Erjefalt, J.S.2
  • 21
    • 1942467843 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extracellular matrix proteins modulate asthmatic airway smooth muscle cell proliferation via an autocrine mechanism
    • Johnson PR, Burgess JK, Underwood PA, et al. Extracellular matrix proteins modulate asthmatic airway smooth muscle cell proliferation via an autocrine mechanism. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2004; 113:690-696.
    • (2004) J Allergy Clin Immunol , vol.113 , pp. 690-696
    • Johnson, P.R.1    Burgess, J.K.2    Underwood, P.A.3
  • 22
    • 0032908732 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage findings in cross-country skiers with and without "ski asthma"
    • Sue-Chu M, Larsson L, Moen T, et al. Bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage findings in cross-country skiers with and without "ski asthma". Eur Respir J 1999; 13:626-632.
    • (1999) Eur Respir J , vol.13 , pp. 626-632
    • Sue-Chu, M.1    Larsson, L.2    Moen, T.3
  • 23
    • 0031910719 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunoglobulin E-induced passive sensitization of human airways: An immunohistochemical study
    • Berger P, Walls AF, Marthan R, et al. Immunoglobulin E-induced passive sensitization of human airways: an immunohistochemical study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1998; 157:610-616.
    • (1998) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.157 , pp. 610-616
    • Berger, P.1    Walls, A.F.2    Marthan, R.3
  • 24
    • 0031001397 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mast cell numbers are increased in the smooth muscle of human sensitized isolated bronchi
    • Ammit AJ, Bekir SS, Johnson PR, et al. Mast cell numbers are increased in the smooth muscle of human sensitized isolated bronchi. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1997; 155:1123-1129.
    • (1997) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.155 , pp. 1123-1129
    • Ammit, A.J.1    Bekir, S.S.2    Johnson, P.R.3
  • 25
    • 0036225427 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atopy may be related to exercise-induced bronchospasm in asthma
    • Koh YI, Choi IS, Lim H. Atopy may be related to exercise-induced bronchospasm in asthma. Clin Exp Allergy 2002; 32:532-536.
    • (2002) Clin Exp Allergy , vol.32 , pp. 532-536
    • Koh, Y.I.1    Choi, I.S.2    Lim, H.3
  • 26
    • 0031660267 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Montelukast once daily inhibits exercise-induced bronchoconstriction in 6- to 14-year-old children with asthma
    • Kemp JP, Dockhorn RJ, Shapiro GG, et al. Montelukast once daily inhibits exercise-induced bronchoconstriction in 6- to 14-year-old children with asthma. J Pediatr 1998; 133:424-428.
    • (1998) J Pediatr , vol.133 , pp. 424-428
    • Kemp, J.P.1    Dockhorn, R.J.2    Shapiro, G.G.3
  • 27
    • 0036014530 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distribution and degranulation of airway mast cells in normal and asthmatic subjects
    • Carroll NG, Mutavdzic S, James AL. Distribution and degranulation of airway mast cells in normal and asthmatic subjects. Eur Respir J 2002; 19:879-885.
    • (2002) Eur Respir J , vol.19 , pp. 879-885
    • Carroll, N.G.1    Mutavdzic, S.2    James, A.L.3
  • 28
    • 0034047733 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence of airway inflammation and remodeling in ski athletes with and without bronchial hyperresponsiveness to methacholine
    • Karjalainen E-M, Laitinen A, Sue-Chu M, et al. Evidence of airway inflammation and remodeling in ski athletes with and without bronchial hyperresponsiveness to methacholine. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2000; 161:2086-2091.
    • (2000) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.161 , pp. 2086-2091
    • Karjalainen, E.-M.1    Laitinen, A.2    Sue-Chu, M.3
  • 29
    • 19244370111 scopus 로고
    • The physiological assessment of the effect of DSCG in the asthmatic child
    • Godfrey S. The physiological assessment of the effect of DSCG in the asthmatic child. Respiration 1970; 27 (Suppl):353-356.
    • (1970) Respiration , vol.27 , Issue.SUPPL. , pp. 353-356
    • Godfrey, S.1
  • 30
    • 0025298096 scopus 로고
    • Evidence for the roles of histamine and prostaglandins asmediators in exercise-induced asthma: The inhibitory effect of terfenadine and flurbiprofen alone and in combination
    • Finnerty JP, Holgate ST. Evidence for the roles of histamine and prostaglandins asmediators in exercise-induced asthma: the inhibitory effect of terfenadine and flurbiprofen alone and in combination. Eur Respir J 1990; 3:540-547.
    • (1990) Eur Respir J , vol.3 , pp. 540-547
    • Finnerty, J.P.1    Holgate, S.T.2
  • 31
    • 0031024806 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of inhaled indomethacin on exercise-induced bronchoconstriction in children with asthma
    • Shimizu T, Mochizuki H, Shigeta M, et al. Effect of inhaled indomethacin on exercise-induced bronchoconstriction in children with asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1997; 155:170-173.
    • (1997) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.155 , pp. 170-173
    • Shimizu, T.1    Mochizuki, H.2    Shigeta, M.3
  • 32
    • 16444370961 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of montelukast on airway narrowing from eucapnic voluntary hyperventilation and cold air exercise
    • Rundell K, Spiering BA, Baumann JM, et al. Effects of montelukast on airway narrowing from eucapnic voluntary hyperventilation and cold air exercise. Br J Sports Med 2005; 39:232-236. Eucapnic voluntary hyperventilation is a very potent stimulus to airway narrowing yet a single dose of 10 mg of montelukast 6 h before challenge provided 53% protection on the maximum fall in FEV1, a value close to the 59% observed using exercise as the provoking stimulus.
    • (2005) Br J Sports Med , vol.39 , pp. 232-236
    • Rundell, K.1    Spiering, B.A.2    Baumann, J.M.3
  • 33
    • 18744421762 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Montelukast, a leukotriene-receptor antagonist, for the treatment of mild asthma and exercise-induced bronchoconstriction
    • Leff JA, Busse WW, Pearlman D, et al. Montelukast, a leukotriene-receptor antagonist, for the treatment of mild asthma and exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. N Engl J Med 1998; 339:147-152.
    • (1998) N Engl J Med , vol.339 , pp. 147-152
    • Leff, J.A.1    Busse, W.W.2    Pearlman, D.3
  • 34
    • 0036256236 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exercise induced asthma: Is there still a case for histamine?
    • [editorial]
    • Anderson SD, Brannan JD. Exercise induced asthma: is there still a case for histamine? [editorial] J Allergy Clin Immunol 2002; 109:771-773.
    • (2002) J Allergy Clin Immunol , vol.109 , pp. 771-773
    • Anderson, S.D.1    Brannan, J.D.2
  • 35
    • 0030696614 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 4 after exercise and attenuation of exercise-induced bronchospasm by montelukast, a cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonist
    • 4 after exercise and attenuation of exercise-induced bronchospasm by montelukast, a cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonist. Thorax 1997; 52:1030-1035.
    • (1997) Thorax , vol.52 , pp. 1030-1035
    • Reiss, T.F.1    Hill, J.B.2    Harman, E.3
  • 36
    • 0031867574 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for mast cell activation during exercise-induced bronchoconstriction
    • O'Sullivan S, Roquet A, Dahlén B, et al. Evidence for mast cell activation during exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. Eur Respir J 1998; 12:345-350.
    • (1998) Eur Respir J , vol.12 , pp. 345-350
    • O'Sullivan, S.1    Roquet, A.2    Dahlén, B.3
  • 37
    • 16244392063 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exhaled breath condensate cysteinyl leukotrienes are increased in children with exercise-induced bronchoconstriction
    • Carraro S, Corradi M, Zanconato S, et al. Exhaled breath condensate cysteinyl leukotrienes are increased in children with exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2005; 115:764-770. Reports a significant difference in baseline levels of cysteinyl leukotrienes in asthmatic children with EIB relative to asthmatic children without EIB and relative to control subjects. The measurements were made in exhaled breath condensate.
    • (2005) J Allergy Clin Immunol , vol.115 , pp. 764-770
    • Carraro, S.1    Corradi, M.2    Zanconato, S.3
  • 38
    • 12744255262 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Single dose agents in the prevention of exercise-induced asthma: A descriptive review
    • Anderson SD. Single dose agents in the prevention of exercise-induced asthma: a descriptive review. Treat Respir Med 2004; 3:365-379.
    • (2004) Treat Respir Med , vol.3 , pp. 365-379
    • Anderson, S.D.1
  • 39
    • 0028071786 scopus 로고
    • Asymptomatic bronchial hyperreactivity and the development of asthma and other respiratory tract illnesses in children
    • Jones A. Asymptomatic bronchial hyperreactivity and the development of asthma and other respiratory tract illnesses in children. Thorax 1994; 49:757-761.
    • (1994) Thorax , vol.49 , pp. 757-761
    • Jones, A.1
  • 40
    • 23844456950 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Outcome in adulthood of asymptomatic airway hyperresponsiveness to histamine and exercise-induced bronchospasm in childhood
    • Posbjerg C, von Listow ML, Ulrik CS, et al. Outcome in adulthood of asymptomatic airway hyperresponsiveness to histamine and exercise-induced bronchospasm in childhood. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2005; 95:137-142. The finding that 30% of children with asympomatic EIB in childhood go on to develop asthma in adulthood. This may encourage early treatment of EIB.
    • (2005) Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol , vol.95 , pp. 137-142
    • Posbjerg, C.1    Von Listow, M.L.2    Ulrik, C.S.3
  • 41
    • 0242721240 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fish oil supplementation reduces severity of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction in elite athletes
    • Mickleborough TD, Murray RL, Ionescu AA, et al. Fish oil supplementation reduces severity of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction in elite athletes. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2003; 168:1181-1189.
    • (2003) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.168 , pp. 1181-1189
    • Mickleborough, T.D.1    Murray, R.L.2    Ionescu, A.A.3
  • 42
    • 0346362187 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Strenuous exercise increases plasmatic and urinary leukotriene E4 in cyclists
    • Caillaud C, Le Creff C, Legros P, et al. Strenuous exercise increases plasmatic and urinary leukotriene E4 in cyclists. Can J Appl Physiol 2003; 28:793-806.
    • (2003) Can J Appl Physiol , vol.28 , pp. 793-806
    • Caillaud, C.1    Le Creff, C.2    Legros, P.3
  • 43
    • 24644524545 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transcription in response to physical stress-clues to the molecular mechanisms of exercise-induced asthma
    • Hilberg T, Deigner HP, Moller E, et al. Transcription in response to physical stress-clues to the molecular mechanisms of exercise-induced asthma. Faseb J 2005; 19:1492-1494. First paper to describe upregulation of genes coding the 5-lipoxygenase pathway in response to exercise in healthy nonasthmatics and serves to confirm the potential for cysteinyl leukotrienes to be important in the pathogenesis of EIB.
    • (2005) Faseb J , vol.19 , pp. 1492-1494
    • Hilberg, T.1    Deigner, H.P.2    Moller, E.3
  • 44
    • 0042380075 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence of mast cell activation and leukotriene release after mannitol inhalation
    • Brannan JD, Gulliksson M, Anderson SD, et al. Evidence of mast cell activation and leukotriene release after mannitol inhalation. Eur Respir J 2003; 22:491-496.
    • (2003) Eur Respir J , vol.22 , pp. 491-496
    • Brannan, J.D.1    Gulliksson, M.2    Anderson, S.D.3
  • 45
    • 12444273640 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Urinary inflammatory mediators and inhalation of hypertonic saline in children
    • Mai XM, Bottcher F, Bruhammar M, et al. Urinary inflammatory mediators and inhalation of hypertonic saline in children. Allergy 2005; 60:60-64. Reports for the first time that healthy nonasthmatic children can also have a significant increase in urinary excretion of leukotriene E4 in response to a surrogate osmotic stimulus (4.5% saline).
    • (2005) Allergy , vol.60 , pp. 60-64
    • Mai, X.M.1    Bottcher, F.2    Bruhammar, M.3
  • 46
    • 12744252295 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Eformoterol fumarate & sodium cromoglycate (SCG) inhibit the airway response to inhaled mannitol in asthmatics by mast cell inhibition
    • Brannan JD, Gulliksson M, Anderson SD, et al. Eformoterol fumarate & sodium cromoglycate (SCG) inhibit the airway response to inhaled mannitol in asthmatics by mast cell inhibition. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2004; 113 (Suppl 1):S190.
    • (2004) J Allergy Clin Immunol , vol.113 , Issue.1 SUPPL.
    • Brannan, J.D.1    Gulliksson, M.2    Anderson, S.D.3
  • 47
    • 33749474117 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of the airway response to mannitol with either eformoterol or sodium cromoglycate (SCG) does not alter leukotriene release in asthmatic subjects
    • Gulliksson M, Brannan JD, Anderson SD, et al. Inhibition of the airway response to mannitol with either eformoterol or sodium cromoglycate (SCG) does not alter leukotriene release in asthmatic subjects. Eur Respir J 2004; 24 (Suppl 48):443s.
    • (2004) Eur Respir J , vol.24 , Issue.48 SUPPL.
    • Gulliksson, M.1    Brannan, J.D.2    Anderson, S.D.3
  • 48
    • 0023088497 scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of IgE-dependent histamine release from human dispersed lung mast cells by anti-allergic drugs and salbutamol
    • Church MK, Hiroi J. Inhibition of IgE-dependent histamine release from human dispersed lung mast cells by anti-allergic drugs and salbutamol. Br J Pharmacol 1987; 90:421-429.
    • (1987) Br J Pharmacol , vol.90 , pp. 421-429
    • Church, M.K.1    Hiroi, J.2
  • 49
    • 1242341340 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Desensitisation of mast cell β2-adrenoceptor-mediated responses by salmeterol and formoterol
    • Scola AM, Chong LK, Suvarna SK, et al. Desensitisation of mast cell β2-adrenoceptor-mediated responses by salmeterol and formoterol. Br J Pharmacol 2004; 141:163-171.
    • (2004) Br J Pharmacol , vol.141 , pp. 163-171
    • Scola, A.M.1    Chong, L.K.2    Suvarna, S.K.3
  • 50
    • 0037198418 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mast-cell infiltration of airway smooth muscle in asthma
    • Brightling CE, Bradding P, Symon FA, et al. Mast-cell infiltration of airway smooth muscle in asthma. N Engl J Med 2002; 346:1699-1705.
    • (2002) N Engl J Med , vol.346 , pp. 1699-1705
    • Brightling, C.E.1    Bradding, P.2    Symon, F.A.3
  • 51
    • 0031047375 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Leukotrienes in the pathogenesis of asthma
    • O'Byrne PM. Leukotrienes in the pathogenesis of asthma. Chest 1997; 111 (Suppl 2):27S-34S.
    • (1997) Chest , vol.111 , Issue.2 SUPPL.
    • O'Byrne, P.M.1
  • 52
    • 21644486670 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Challenge-induced plasma exudation and mucinous secretion in human airways
    • Greiff L, Andersson M, Coman WB, et al. Challenge-induced plasma exudation and mucinous secretion in human airways. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2005; 25:241-245. Reports that plasma exudation, as demonstrated by an increase in α-macroglobulin in nasal fluid, occurs in healthy nonasthmatic people when histamine is used as the stimulus.
    • (2005) Clin Physiol Funct Imaging , vol.25 , pp. 241-245
    • Greiff, L.1    Andersson, M.2    Coman, W.B.3
  • 53
    • 0037319275 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypertonic saline increases secretory and exudative responsiveness of human nasal airway in vivo
    • Greiff L, Andersson M, Wollmer P, et al. Hypertonic saline increases secretory and exudative responsiveness of human nasal airway in vivo. Eur Respir J 2003; 21:308-312.
    • (2003) Eur Respir J , vol.21 , pp. 308-312
    • Greiff, L.1    Andersson, M.2    Wollmer, P.3
  • 54
    • 0033961191 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sensory neuropeptides induce histamine release from bronchoalveolar lavage cells in both nonasthmatic coughers and cough variant asthmatics
    • Forsythe P, McGarvey LP, Heaney LG, et al. Sensory neuropeptides induce histamine release from bronchoalveolar lavage cells in both nonasthmatic coughers and cough variant asthmatics. Clin Exp Allergy 2000; 30: 225-232.
    • (2000) Clin Exp Allergy , vol.30 , pp. 225-232
    • Forsythe, P.1    McGarvey, L.P.2    Heaney, L.G.3
  • 55
    • 0023880338 scopus 로고
    • The osmolality of nasal secretions increases when inflammatory mediators are released in response to inhalation of cold, dry air
    • Togias AG, Proud D, Lichenstein LM, et al. The osmolality of nasal secretions increases when inflammatory mediators are released in response to inhalation of cold, dry air. Am Rev Respir Dis 1988; 137:625-629.
    • (1988) Am Rev Respir Dis , vol.137 , pp. 625-629
    • Togias, A.G.1    Proud, D.2    Lichenstein, L.M.3
  • 56
    • 0021239291 scopus 로고
    • Interaction between hyperosmolar and IgE-mediated histamine release from basophils and mast cells
    • Eggleston PA, Kagey-Sobotka A, Schleimer RP, et al. Interaction between hyperosmolar and IgE-mediated histamine release from basophils and mast cells. Am Rev Respir Dis 1984; 130:86-91.
    • (1984) Am Rev Respir Dis , vol.130 , pp. 86-91
    • Eggleston, P.A.1    Kagey-Sobotka, A.2    Schleimer, R.P.3
  • 57
    • 0028858758 scopus 로고
    • Budesonide treatment of moderate and severe asthma in children: A dose-response study
    • Pedersen S, Hansen OR. Budesonide treatment of moderate and severe asthma in children: a dose-response study. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1995; 95:29-33.
    • (1995) J Allergy Clin Immunol , vol.95 , pp. 29-33
    • Pedersen, S.1    Hansen, O.R.2
  • 58
    • 0026764094 scopus 로고
    • A comparative study of the effects of an inhaled corticosteroid, budesonide, and a β2-agonist, terbutaline, on airway inflammation in newly diagnosed asthma: A randomized, double-blind, parallel-group controlled trial
    • Laitinen LA, Laitinen A, Haahtela T. A comparative study of the effects of an inhaled corticosteroid, budesonide, and a β2-agonist, terbutaline, on airway inflammation in newly diagnosed asthma: A randomized, double-blind, parallel-group controlled trial. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1992; 90:32-42.
    • (1992) J Allergy Clin Immunol , vol.90 , pp. 32-42
    • Laitinen, L.A.1    Laitinen, A.2    Haahtela, T.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.