Insulin and glucagon ratio in the pathophysiology of diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic non-ketotic diabetes

Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan

Volumn 16, Issue 1, 2006, Pages 11-14

  Wahid, Maryam ^a   Naveed, Abdul Khaliq ^a   Hussain, Imad ^a  

^a ARMY MEDICAL COLLEGE   (Pakistan)

Author keywords

Diabetes mellitus; Diabetic ketoacidosis; Hyperglucagonemia; Hyperglycemia; Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic non ketotic diabetes; Insulin glucagon ratio

Indexed keywords

GLUCAGON; INSULIN;

ARTICLE; BLOOD; CASE CONTROL STUDY; DIABETES MELLITUS; DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS; FEMALE; HUMAN; HYPERGLYCEMIA; MALE; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY;

CASE-CONTROL STUDIES; DIABETES MELLITUS; DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS; FEMALE; GLUCAGON; HUMANS; HYPERGLYCEMIA; INSULIN; MALE;

EID: 33746485203     PISSN: 1022386X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (33)

1. Diabetes mellitus and other disorders of metabolism. In: Kumar P, Clark M, (edi). Clinical medicine: a textbook for medical students and doctors. 4th ed. Philadelphia: W.B.Saunders 1998: 959-1005.
2. Mahmood K, Aamir AH. Glycemic control status in patients with type 2 diabetes. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak 2005; 15: 323-5.
3. Basit A, Hydrie MZI, Hakeem R, Ahmedani MY, Waseem M. Glycemic control hypertension and chronic complications in type 2 diabetic subjects attending a tertiary care centre. J Ayub Med Coll Abottabad 2005; 17: 63-8.
4. Dumonteil E, Magnan C, Ritz-Laser B, Meda P, Dussoix P, Gilbert M, et al. Insulin but not glucose lowering corrects the hyperglucagonemia and increased proglucagon messenger ribonucleic acid levels observed in insulinopenic diabetes. Endocrinology 1998; 139: 4540-6.
5. Megnan C, Philippe J, Kassis N, Laury MC, Pericaud L, Gilbert M, et al. In vivo effects of glucose and insulin on secretion and gene expression of glucagon in rats. Endocrinology 1995; 136: 5370-6.
6. Unger RH. The Banting Memorial Lecture 1975. Diabetes and the alpha cell. Diabetes 1976; 25: 136-51.
7. Granner DK. Hormones of the pancreas and gastrointestinal tract. In: Murray RK, Granner DK, Mayes PA, Rodwell VW. Harper's biochemistry. 25th ed. Stamford: Appleton & Lange 2000: 610-26.
8. Ledingham JGG, Warrell DA. Concise oxford textbook of medicine. 1st ed. New York: Oxford University Press, 2000.
9. Jiang G, Zhang BB. Glucagon and regulation of glucose metabolism. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2003; 671-8.
10. Gerich JE, Lorenzi M, Bier DM, Schneider V, Tsalikian E, Karam JH, et al. Prevention of human diabetic ketoacidosis by somatostatin. Evidence for an essential role of glucagon. N Engl J Med 1975; 292: 985-9.
11. Balasubramanyam A, Zern JW, Hyman DJ, Pavlik V. New profiles of diabetic ketoacidosis. Arch Intern Med 1999; 159: 2317-22.
12. Makvais-Javis F, Sobngwi E, Porcher R, Riveline JP, Kevorkian JP, Vaisse C, et al. Ketosis - prone type 2 diabetes in patients of sub-saharan African origin: clinical pathophysiology and natural history of bet cell dysfunction and insulin resistance. Diabetes 2004; 53: 645-53.
13. Dods RF. In: Kaplan LA, Pesco AJ, Kazmierczak SC. Clinical chemistry. 3rd ed. New York: Maplevail Press, 1996. 634-5.
14. Tinder P, Ann Clin Biochem 1969; 6 : 24.
15. Morris CJOR, Morris P. Separation methods in biochemistry. 2nd ed. London: The Pitman Press, 1976.
16. Feldman H, Rodbard D. Principles of competitive proteinbinding assays. Philadelphia: J B Lippincott, 1971.
17. Nakagawa S, Nakayama H, Sasaki T, Yoshino K, Yu YY. A simple method for the determination of serum free insulin levels in insulin-treated patients. Diabetes 1973; 22: 590-600.
18. Schumann GB, Schweitzer SC. In: Kaplan LA, Pesco AJ, Kazmierczak SC. Clinical chemistry. 3rd ed. New York: Maplevail Press; 1996; 1122.
19. Faich GA, Fishbein HA, Ellis SE. The epidemiology of diabetic acidosis: a population-based study. Am J Epidemiol 1983; 117: 551-8.
20. Kitabchi A, Umpierrez GE, Murphy MB, Barret EJ, Kreisberg RA, Malone JI, et al. Management of hyperglycemic crises in patients with diabetes. Diabetes Care 2001; 24: 131-53.
21. Dinneen S, Alzaid A, Turk D, Rizza R. Failure of glucagon suppression contributes to postprandial hyperglycaemia in IDDM. Diabetologia 1995; 38: 337- 43.
22. Sherwin RS, Fisher M, Hendler R, Felig P. Hyperglucagonemia and blood glucose regulation in normal, obese and diabetic subjects. N Engl J Med 1976; 294: 455-61.
23. Lins PE, Wajngot A, Adamson U, Vranic M, Efendic S. Minimal increases in glucagon levels enhance glucose production in man with partial hypoinsulinemia. Diabetes 1983; 32: 633-6.
24. Cherrington AD, Williams PE, Shulman GI, Lacy WW. Differential time course of glucagon's effect on glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis in the conscious dog. Diabetes 1981; 30: 180-7.
25. Magnusson I, Rothman DL, Gerard DP, Katz LD, Shulman GI. Contribution of hepatic glycogenolysis to glucose production in humans in response to a physiological increase in plasma glucagon concentration. Diabetes 1995; 44: 185-9.
26. Schade DS, Eaton RP. The temporal relationship between endogenously secreted stress hormones and metabolic decompensation in diabetic man. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1980; 50: 131-6.
27. Pilkis SJ, el-Maghrabi MR, Claus TH. Fructose-2,6 bisphosphate in control of hepatic gluconeogenesis. From metabolites to molecular genetics. Diabetes Care 1990; 13: 582-99.
28. O'Brien RM, Granner DK. PEPCK gene as model of inhibitory effects of insulin on gene transcription. Diabetes Care 1990; 13: 327-39.
29. Jensen MD, Caruso M, Heiling V, Miles JM. Insulin regulation of lipolysis in non-diabetic and IDDM subjects. Diabetes 1989; 38: 1595-601.
30. Greenspan FS, Strewler GJ. Basic and clinical endocrinology. 5th ed. London: Prentice-Hall International, 1997.
31. Carlson MG, Snead WL, Campbell PJ. Regulation of free fatty acid metabolism by glucagon. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1993; 77: 11-5.
32. Shah P, Basu A, Basu R, Rizza R. Impact of lack of suppression of glucagon on glucose tolerance in humans. Am J Physiol 1999; 277: E283-90.
33. Reichard GA, Skutches CL, Hoeldtke RD, Owen OE. Acetone metabolism in humans during diabetic ketoacidosis. Diabetes 1986; 35: 668-74.