Progress in research on Entamoeba histolytica pathogenesis

Current Opinion in Microbiology

Volumn 9, Issue 4, 2006, Pages 367-373

  Ackers, John P ^a   Mirelman, David ^b  

^a LONDON SCHOOL OF HYGIENE AND TROPICAL MEDICINE   (United Kingdom)

^b WEIZMANN INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE   (Israel)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

4 NITROIMIDAZOLE; TRANSFER RNA; VIRULENCE FACTOR;

AMEBIASIS; APOPTOSIS; BACTERIUM CULTURE; ENTAMOEBA HISTOLYTICA; EPIGENETICS; GENE EXPRESSION; GENE IDENTIFICATION; GENE NUMBER; GENE SILENCING; GENOME; HUMAN; MAMMAL CELL; MEDICAL RESEARCH; MORTALITY; NONHUMAN; PATHOGENESIS; REVIEW;

ANIMALS; ENTAMOEBA HISTOLYTICA; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION; VIRULENCE; VIRULENCE FACTORS;

ENTAMOEBA HISTOLYTICA; MAMMALIA; PROTOZOA;

EID: 33746303014     PISSN: 13695274     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2006.06.014     Document Type: Review

References (75)

1. Walsh J.A. Problems in recognition and diagnosis of amebiasis: estimation of the global magnitude of morbidity and mortality. Rev Infect Dis 8 (1986) 228-238
2. Diamond L.S., and Clark C.G. A redescription of Entamoeba histolytica Schaudinn, 1903 (emended walker, 1911) separating it from Entamoeba dispar Brumpt, 1925. J Eukaryot Microbiol 40 (1993) 340-344
3. Stanley Jr. S.L. Amoebiasis. Lancet 361 (2003) 1025-1034
4. Laughlin R.C., and Temesvari L.A. Cellular and molecular mechanisms that underlie Entamoeba histolytica pathogenesis: prospects for intervention. Expert Rev Mol Med 7 (2005) 1-19
5. Frederick J.R., and Petri Jr. W.A. Roles for the galactose/N-acetylgalactosamine binding lectin of Entamoeba in parasite virulence and differentiation. Glycobiology 15 (2005) 53R-59R. This paper deals with the most studied E. histolytica molecule and by far the best known adhesin; discovery of the diversity of its functions increases all the time.
6. Petri Jr. W.A. Pathogenesis of amebiasis. Curr Opin Microbiol 5 (2002) 443-447
7. Leippe M. Amoebapores. Parasitol Today 13 (1997) 178-183
8. Leippe M., Bruhn H., Hecht O., and Grotzinger J. Ancient weapons: the three-dimensional structure of amoebapore A. Trends Parasitol 21 (2005) 5-7
9. Boettner D.R., and Petri Jr. W.A. Entamoeba histolytica activates host cell caspases during contact-dependent cell killing. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 289 (2005) 175-184. In addition to the well-studied amoebapores, E. histolytica now also appears to kill mammalian target cells by inducing apoptosis. Dying cells are then detected and preferentially ingested.
10. Huston C.D., Houpt E.R., Mann B.J., Hahn C.S., and Petri Jr. W.A. Caspase 3-dependent killing of host cells by the parasite Entamoeba histolytica. Cell Microbiol 2 (2000) 617-625
11. Seydel K.B., and Stanley Jr. S.L. Entamoeba histolytica induces host cell death in amebic liver abscess by a non-Fas-dependent, non-tumor necrosis factor alpha-dependent pathway of apoptosis. Infect Immun 66 (1998) 2980-2983
12. Marion S., and Guillen N. Genomic and proteomic approaches highlight phagocytosis of living and apoptotic human cells by the parasite Entamoeba histolytica. Int J Parasitol 36 (2006) 131-139. The authors describe the results of proteomic techniques to the analysis of proteins present in E. histolytica phagosomes.
13. Que X., and Reed S.L. Cysteine proteinases and the pathogenisis of amebiasis. Clin Microbiol Rev 13 (2000) 196-206
14. Tavares P., Rigothier M.C., Khun H., Roux P., Huerre M., and Guillen N. Roles of cell adhesion and cytoskeleton activity in Entamoeba histolytica pathogenesis: a delicate balance. Infect Immun 73 (2005) 1771-1778
15. Bruchhaus I., Loftus B.J., Hall N., and Tannich E. The intestinal protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica contains 20 cysteine protease genes, of which only a small subset is expressed during in vitro cultivation. Eukaryot Cell 2 (2003) 501-509
16. Moody-Haupt S., Patterson J.H., Mirelman D., and McConville M.J. The major surface antigens of Entamoeba histolytica trophozoites are GPI-anchored proteophosphoglycans. J Mol Biol 297 (2000) 409-420
17. Choi M.H.S.D., Poole L., Hirata K., Herdman S., Torian B.E., and Reed S.L. An unusual surface peroxiredoxin protects invasive Entamoeba histolytica from oxidant attack. Mol Biochem Parasitol 143 (2005) 80-89
18. 1.
19. Braga L.L., Ninomiya H., McCoy J.J., Eacker S., Wiedmer T., Pham C., Wood S., Sims P.J., and Petri Jr. W.A. Inhibition of the complement membrane attack complex by the galactose-specific adhesion of Entamoeba histolytica. J Clin Invest 90 (1992) 1131-1137
20. Loftus B., Anderson I., Davies R., Alsmark U.C., Samuelson J., Amedeo P., Roncaglia P., Berriman M., Hirt R.P., Mann B.J., et al. The genome of the protist parasite Entamoeba histolytica. Nature 433 (2005) 865-868. The publication of the genome of E. histolytica, even though some problems remain with the assembly, has transformed the field.
21. Gilchrist C., and Petri Jr. W.A. Virulence factors of Entamoeba histolytica. Curr Opin Microbiol 2 (1999) 433-437
22. Weber C., Guigon G., Bouchier C., Frangeul L., Moreira S., Sismeiro O., Gouyette C., Mirelman D., Coppee J.Y., and Guillen N. Stress by heat shock induces massive down regulation of genes and allows differential allelic expression of the Gal/GalNAc lectin in Entamoeba histolytica. Eukaryot Cell 5 (2006) 871-875
23. Debnath A., Das P., Sajid M., and McKerrow J.H. Identification of genomic responses to collagen binding by trophozoites of Entamoeba histolytica. J Infect Dis 190 (2004) 448-457
24. MacFarlane R.C., Shah P.H., and Singh U. Transcriptional profiling of Entamoeba histolytica trophozoites. Int J Parasitol 35 (2005) 533-542
25. Riekenberg S., Witjes B., Saric M., Bruchhaus I., and Scholze H. Identification of EhICP1, a chagasin-like cysteine protease inhibitor of Entamoeba histolytica. FEBS Lett 579 (2005) 1573-1578
26. Bruhn H., and Leippe M. Novel putative saposin-like proteins of Entamoeba histolytica different from amoebapores. Biochim Biophys Acta 1514 (2001) 14-20
27. Bruhn H., Riekens B., Berninghausen O., and Leippe M. Amoebapores and NK-lysin, members of a class of structurally distinct antimicrobial and cytolytic peptides from protozoa and mammals: a comparative functional analysis. Biochem J 375 (2003) 737-744
28. Barrios-Ceballos M.P., Martinez-Gallardo N.A., Anaya-Velazquez F., Mirelman D., and Padilla-Vaca F. A novel protease from Entamoeba histolytica homologous to members of the family S28 of serine proteases. Exp Parasitol 110 (2005) 270-275
29. MacFarlane R.C., and Singh U. Identification of differentially expressed genes in virulent and non virulent Entamoeba species: potential implications for amoebic pathogenesis. Infect Immun 74 (2006) 340-351. This paper describes the use of microarrays to compare gene expression in virulent and avirulent strains of E. histolytica and the non-pathogenic species E. dispar.
30. Shah P.H., MacFarlane R.C., Bhattacharya D., Matese J.C., Demeter J., Stroup S.E., and Singh U. Comparative genomic hybridizations of Entamoeba strains reveal unique genetic fingerprints that correlate with virulence. Eukaryot Cell 4 (2005) 504-515
31. 1.
32. 1.
33. Labruyere E., and Guillen N. Host tissue invasion by Entamoeba histolytica is powered by motility and phagocytosis. Arch Med Res 37 (2006) 253-258
34. Meza I., Talamas-Rohana P., and Vargas M.A. The cytoskeleton of Entamoeba histolytica: structure, function, and regulation by signaling pathways. Arch Med Res 37 (2006) 234-243
35. Moncada D., Keller K., and Chadee K. Entamoeba histolytica-secreted products degrade colonic mucin oligosaccharides. Infect Immun 73 (2005) 3790-3793
36. Aguirre-Garcia M.M., Anaya-Ruiz M., and Talamas-Rohana P. Membrane-bound acid phosphatase (MAP) from Entamoeba histolytica has phosphotyrosine phosphatase activity and disrupts the actin cytoskeleton of host cells. Parasitology 126 (2003) 195-202
37. Beck D.L., Boettner D.R., Dragulev B., Ready K., Nozaki T., and Petri Jr. W.A. Identification and gene expression analysis of a large family of transmembrane kinases related to the Gal/GalNAc lectin in Entamoeba histolytica. Eukaryot Cell 4 (2005) 722-732
38. Okada M., and Nozaki T. New insights into molecular mechanisms of phagocytosis in Entamoeba histolytica by proteomic analysis. Arch Med Res 37 (2006) 244-252. This study describes the results of proteomic techniques to the analysis of proteins present in E. histolytica phagosomes.
39. Okada M., Huston C.D., Mann B.J., Petri Jr. W.A., Kita K., and Nozaki T. Proteomic analysis of phagocytosis in the enteric protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica. Eukaryot Cell 4 (2005) 827-831
40. Guzman-Medrano R., Castillo-Juarez B.A., Garcia-Perez R.M., Salas-Casas A., Orozco E., and Rodriguez M.A. Entamoeba histolytica: alterations in EhRabB protein in a phagocytosis deficient mutant correlate with the Entamoeba dispar RabB sequence. Exp Parasitol 110 (2005) 259-264
41. Huston C.D., Boettner D.R., Miller-Sims V., and Petri Jr. W.A. Apoptotic killing and phagocytosis of host cells by the parasite Entamoeba histolytica. Infect Immun 71 (2003) 964-972
42. Nozaki T., and Nakada-Tsukui K. Membrane traficking as a virulence mechanism of the enteric protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica. Parasitol Res 98 (2006) 179-183
43. Laughlin R.C., McGugan G.C., Powell R.R., Welter B.H., and Temesvari L.A. Involvement of raft-like plasma membrane domains of Entamoeba histolytica in pinocytosis and adhesion. Infect Immun 72 (2004) 5349-5357
44. Seigneur M., Mounier J., Prevost M.C., and Guillen N. A lysine- and glutamic acid-rich protein, KERP1, from Entamoeba histolytica binds to human enterocytes. Cell Microbiol 7 (2005) 569-579
45. Davis P.H., Zhang Z., Chen M., Zhang X., Chakraborty S., and Stanley Jr. S.L. Identification of a family of Bsp-A like surface proteins of Entamoeba histolytica with novel leucine rich repeats. Mol Biochem Parasitol 145 (2006) 111-116
46. 1.
47. Fisher O., Siman-Tov R., and Ankri S. Pleiotropic phenotype in Entamoeba histolytica overexpressing DNA methyltransferase (ehmeth). Biochem Mol Parasitol 47 (2006) 48-54
48. 1.
49. 1.
50. Bracha R., Nuchamowitz Y., Leippe M., and Mirelman D. Antisense inhibition of amoebapore expression in Entamoeba histolytica causes a decrease in amoebic virulence. Mol Microbiol 34 (1999) 463-472
51. Moncada D., Keller K., Ankri S., Mirelman D., and Chadee K. Antisense inhibition of Entamoeba histolytica cysteine proteases inhibits colon mucus degradation. Gastroenterology 130 (2006) 721-730
52. Zhang X., Zhang Z., Alexander D., Brancha R., Mirelman D., and Stanley Jr. S.L. Expression of amoebapores is required for full expression of Entamoeba histolytica virulence in amebic liver abscess but is not necessary for the induction of inflammation or tissue damage in amebic colitis. Infect Immun 72 (2004) 678-683
53. Bracha R., Nuchamowitz Y., and Mirelman D. Transcriptional silencing of an amoebapore gene in Entamoeba histolytica: molecular analysis and effect on pathogenicity. Eukaryot Cell 2 (2003) 295-305
54. Mirelman D., Anbar M., Nuchamowitz Y., and Bracha R. Epigenetic silencing of gene expression in Entamoeba histolytica. Arch Med Res 37 (2006) 226-233
55. Mandal P.K., Bagchi A., Bhattacharya A., and Bhattacharya S. An Entamoeba histolytica LINE/SINE pair inserts at common target sites cleaved by the restriction enzyme-like LINE-encoded endonuclease. Eukaryot Cell 3 (2004) 170-179
56. Anbar M., Bracha R., Nuchamowitz Y., Li Y., Florentin A., and Mirelman D. Involvement of a short interspersed element in epigenetic transcriptional silencing of the amoebapore gene in Entamoeba histolytica. Eukaryot Cell 4 (2005) 1775-1784. This paper describes a process of irreversible gene silencing linked to the presence of an adjacent SINE.
57. 1.
58. Clark C.G., Ali I.K., Zaki M.B.J., Loftus B.J., and Hall N. Unique organisation of tRNA genes in Entamoeba histolytica. Mol Biochem Parasitol 146 (2006) 24-29. This study describes a unique arrangement of the tRNAs of E. histolytica in tandem arrays, which contain from one to five tRNA genes. These arrays are probably situated at the ends of the chromosomes and might indeed functionally replace telomeres, for which no evidence has yet been found.
59. Bracha R., Nuchamowitz Y., Anbar M., and Mirelman D. Transcriptional silencing of multiple genes in trophozoites of Entamoeba histolytica. PLoS Pathog 2 (2006) e48. The authors describe the silencing of two virulence genes in the same trophozoite.
60. Hammond S. Dicing and slicing: the core machinery of the RNA interference pathway. FEBS Lett 579 (2005) 5822-5829
61. Kawasaki H., and Taira K. Transcriptional gene silencing by short interfering RNAs. Curr Opin Mol Ther 7 (2005) 125-131
62. Tsutsumi V., and Shibayama M. Experimental amebiasis: a selected review of some in vivo models. Arch Med Res 37 (2006) 210-220
63. Lotter H., Jacobs T., Gaworski I., and Tannich E. Sexual dimorphism in the control of amoebic liver abscess in a mouse model of disease. Infect Immun 74 (2006) 118-124. This study in a mouse model has for the first time demonstrated the sexual difference in sensitivity to the parasite; the authors attribute the delayed clearance of the parasite by male mice to gender-specific differences in early cytokine production, mediated at least in part by natural killer T-cells.
64. Seydel K.B., Li E., Swanson P.E., and Stanley Jr. S.L. Human intestinal epithelial cells produce proinflammatory cytokines in response to infection in a SCID mouse-human intestinal xenograft model of amebiasis. Infect Immun 65 (1997) 1631-1639
65. 1.
66. 1.
67. Lotter H., and Tannich E. The current status of an amebiasis vaccine. Arch Med Res 37 (2006) 292-296
68. Petri Jr. W.A., Chaudhry O., Haque R., and Houpt E. Adherence-blocking vaccine for amebiasis. Arch Med Res 37 (2006) 288-291
69. Snow M.J., and Stanley Jr. S.L. Recent progress in vaccines for amebiasis. Arch Med Res 37 (2006) 280-287
70. 1.
71. Ximenez C. Epidemiology of amebiasis in Mexico: a molecular approach. Arch Med Res 37 (2006) 263-265
72. 1.
73. Nozaki T., Ali V., and Tokoro M. Sulfur-containing amino acid metabolism in parasitic protozoa. Adv Parasitol 60 (2005) 1-99
74. Byers J., Faigle W., and Eichinger D. Colonic short-chain fatty acids inhibit encystation of Entamoeba invadens. Cell Microbiol 7 (2005) 269-279
75. Stanley Jr. S.L. Amoebiasis. Lancet 361 (2003) 1025-1034