Cholestasis and cholestatic syndromes

Current Opinion in Gastroenterology

Volumn 22, Issue 3, 2006, Pages 209-214

  Rutherford, Anna E ^a   Pratt, Daniel S ^a  

^a MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL   (United States)

Author keywords

Bile acid transport; Biliary atresia; Cholestasis; Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy; Primary biliary cirrhosis; Primary sclerosing cholangitis; Pruritus

Indexed keywords

6 ETHYL CHENODEOXYCHOLIC ACID; ALENDRONIC ACID; BILE ACID; BUDESONIDE; CELL NUCLEUS RECEPTOR; CHENODEOXYCHOLIC ACID; COLESTYRAMINE; ESTROGEN; FARNESOID X RECEPTOR; LIDOCAINE; METHOTREXATE; MYCOPHENOLIC ACID 2 MORPHOLINOETHYL ESTER; ONDANSETRON; PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR ACTIVATED RECEPTOR GAMMA; PLACEBO; PREGNANE X RECEPTOR; PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; URSODEOXYCHOLIC ACID;

ABSENCE OF SIDE EFFECTS; BILE DUCT ATRESIA; CHOLESTASIS; CLINICAL TRIAL; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DRUG MECHANISM; ESTROGEN THERAPY; HOMEOSTASIS; HUMAN; INTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS; LIVER DISEASE; LIVER TRANSPLANTATION; NONHUMAN; OSTEOPOROSIS; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PATHOGENESIS; PRIMARY BILIARY CIRRHOSIS; PRIMARY SCLEROSING CHOLANGITIS; PROTEIN FUNCTION; PRURITUS; REGULATORY MECHANISM; REVIEW; SURGICAL TECHNIQUE; SYSTEMIC DISEASE; TRANSPORT KINETICS; UNSPECIFIED SIDE EFFECT; WILD TYPE;

ANIMALS; ATP-BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTERS; BILE ACIDS AND SALTS; BILE DUCT DISEASES; BIOLOGICAL TRANSPORT; FEMALE; HUMANS; MUTATION; OSTEOPOROSIS; PREGNANCY; PREGNANCY COMPLICATIONS; PRURITUS;

EID: 33746225433     PISSN: 02671379     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/01.mog.0000218956.63311.47     Document Type: Review

References (24)

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2. Fiorucci S, Clerici C, Antonelli E, et al. Protective effects of 6-ethyl chenodeoxycholic acid, a farsenoid X receptor ligand, in estrogen-induced cholestasis. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2005; 313:604-612. This study shows how FXR activation could be used to ameliorate cholestatic liver injury.
3. Wagner M, Halilbasic E, Marschall HU, et al. CAR and PXR agonists stimulate hepatic bile acid and bilirubin detoxification and elimination pathways in mice. Hepatology 2005; 42:420-430. An important study showing the specifics of how activation of these two nuclear receptors participate in bile acid and bilirubin detoxification. These are potential targets for treatment of cholestatic liver injury.
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10. Robe AJ, Kirby JA, Jones DEJ, Palmer JM. A key role for autoreactive B cells in the breakdown of T-cell tolerance to pyruvate dehydrogenase complex in the mouse. Hepatology 2005; 41:1106-1112. A study exploring possible mechanisms of T-cell tolerance in PBC.
11. Bogdanos DP, Baum H, Okamoto M, et al. Primary biliary cirrhosis is characterized by IgGS antibodies cross-reactive with the major mitochondrial autoepitope and its Lactobacillus mimic. Hepatology 2005; 42:458-465. This study showed that a significant number of patients with PBC had AMAs that cross-reacted with a Lactobacillus commonly used in food production, suggesting it may be an environmental trigger for PBC.
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15. Harada K, Isse K, Kamihara T, et al. Th1 cytokine-induced downregulation of PPARγ in human biliary cells relates to cholangitis in primary biliary cirrhosis. Hepatology 2005; 41:1329-1338. An interesting study suggesting that PPARγ may be critical to biliary epithelial homeostasis and that the reduced expression of PPARγ in biliary epithelium may contribute to ongoing ductular damage in PBC. PPAR ligands have potential as a novel therapy for PBC.
16. Corpechot C, Carrat F, Bahr A, et al. The effect of ursodeoxycholic acid therapy on the natural course of primary biliary cirrhosis. Gastroenterology 2005; 128:297-303. This is a study showing that patients with early-stage PBC are the ones who benefit from UDCA therapy. This suggests that early diagnosis of PBC is crucial for successful medical intervention.
17. Combes B, Emerson S, Flye NL, et al. Methotrexate (MTC) plus ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) in the treatment of primary biliary cirrhosis. Hepatology 2005; 42:1184-1193. Another study, albeit one with some issues, showing no benefit for methotrexate in patients with PBC.
18. Rautiainen H, Karkkainen P, Karvonen AL, et al. Budesonide combined with UDCA to improve liver histology in primary biliary cirrhosis: a three-year randomized trial. Hepatology 2005; 41:747-752.
19. Gagellos-Orozco JF, Yurl CE, Wang N, et al. Lack of association of common cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene mutations with primary sclerosing cholangitis. Am J Gastroenterol 2005; 100:874-878. Another study that has failed to show a connection between cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator dysfunction and PSC.
20. Bergquist A, Lindberg G, Saarinen S, Broome U. Increased prevalence of primary sclerosing cholangitis among first-degree relatives. J Hepatol 2005; 42:252-256. A study supporting some as-yet-undefined role for genetics in PSC.
21. Talwalkar JA, Angulo P, Keach JC, et al. Mycophenolate mofetil for the treatment of primary sclerosing cholangitis. Am J Gastroenterol 2005; 100:308-312.
22. Villamil AG, Bandi JC, Galdame OA, et al. Efficacy of lidocaine in the treatment of pruritus in patients with chronic cholestatic liver diseases. Am J Med 2005; 118:1160-1163. An interesting study suggesting promise for a novel therapy for pruritus.
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24. Zein CO, Jorgensen RA, Clarke B, et al. Alendronate improves bone mineral density in primary biliary cirrhosis: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Hepatology 2005; 42:762-771. A well-conceived trial proving the benefit of alendronate for osteoporosis in PBC.