Diagnosis and treatment of bipolar disorder in the primary care setting: A concise review

Primary Psychiatry

Volumn 13, Issue 7, 2006, Pages 77-85

  Hilty, Donald M ^a,b   Leamon, Martin H ^a   Lim, Russell F ^a   Kelly, Rosemary H ^c   Hales, Robert E ^b  

^a Department of Clinical Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences ^*  (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AMFEBUTAMONE; ANTICONVULSIVE AGENT; ARIPIPRAZOLE; ATYPICAL ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENT; CARBAMAZEPINE; CLOZAPINE; DIPHENHYDRAMINE; GABAPENTIN; LAMOTRIGINE; LITHIUM; MOOD STABILIZER; OLANZAPINE; ORAL CONTRACEPTIVE AGENT; OXCARBAZEPINE; PARACETAMOL; PRAMIPEXOLE; PROLACTIN; QUETIAPINE; RISPERIDONE; SEROTONIN UPTAKE INHIBITOR; TOPIRAMATE; VALPROIC ACID; VENLAFAXINE; WARFARIN; ZIPRASIDONE;

ABNORMALLY HIGH SUBSTRATE CONCENTRATION IN BLOOD; ACNE; AGITATION; AGRANULOCYTOSIS; AKATHISIA; ANAMNESIS; ANEMIA; ANXIETY DISORDER; APLASTIC ANEMIA; ATAXIA; BIPOLAR DISORDER; COGNITIVE DEFECT; COMORBIDITY; CONFUSION; DEPRESSION; DIABETES MELLITUS; DIARRHEA; DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS; DIPLOPIA; DIZZINESS; EXFOLIATIVE DERMATITIS; EXTRAPYRAMIDAL SYMPTOM; GASTROINTESTINAL SYMPTOM; GENERAL PRACTITIONER; HEADACHE; HEART ARRHYTHMIA; HUMAN; HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA; HYPERPROLACTINEMIA; HYPERSALIVATION; HYPONATREMIA; HYPOTHYROIDISM; KIDNEY DISEASE; LABORATORY TEST; LETHARGY; LEUKOPENIA; LIVER DYSFUNCTION; LIVER FAILURE; MAJOR DEPRESSION; METABOLIC SYNDROME X; NAUSEA; NEUROLEPTIC MALIGNANT SYNDROME; OVARY POLYCYSTIC DISEASE; PANCREATITIS; POLYDIPSIA; POLYURIA; PREGNANCY; PRIMARY MEDICAL CARE; PSYCHIATRIST; PSYCHOSIS; QT PROLONGATION; RASH; REVIEW; SEDATION; SEIZURE; SIDE EFFECT; SOMNOLENCE; STEVENS JOHNSON SYNDROME; TACHYCARDIA; TARDIVE DYSKINESIA; THROMBOCYTOPENIA; THYROID DISEASE; TREMOR; WEIGHT GAIN;

EID: 33746217468     PISSN: 10826319     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (49)

1. Schulberg HC, Burns BJ. Mental disorders in primary care: epidemiologic, diagnostic, and treatment research directions. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 1988;10(2):79-87.
2. Ghaemi SN. Bipolar disorder and antidepressants: an ongoing controversy. Primary Psychiatry. 2001;8(2):28-34.
3. Unutzer J, Simon G, Pabiniak C, Bond K, Katon W. The treated prevalence of bipolar disorder in a large staff-model HMO. Psychiatr Serv. 1998;49(8):1072-1078.
4. Prien RF, Potter WZ. NIMH workshop report on treatment of bipolar disorder. Psychopharmacol Bull. 1990;26(4):409-427.
5. Hilty DM, Brady KT, Hales RE. A review of bipolar disorder among adults, Psychiatr Serv. 1999;50(2):201-213.
6. Hilty DM, Hales RE, Kunkel EJS, Nesbitt TS. Rational selection of antidepressants in primary care. Primary Psychiatry. 2001;8(8):50-57.
7. Hilty DM, Hales RE, Servis ME, Nuovo J. Algorithms for the diagnosis and management of anxiety disorders in primary care. Primary Psychiatry. 2001;8(8):58-67.
8. Belmaker RH. Bipolar disorder. N Engl J Med. 2004;351(5):476-486.
9. Chang KD, Ketter TA. Special issues in the treatment of paediatric bipolar disorder. Exp Opin Pharmacother. 2001;2(4):613-622.
10. American Psychiatric Association Practice Guidelines. Available at: www.psych.org/psych_pract/treatg/ pg/prac_guide.cfm. Accessed May 24, 2006.
11. Sachs GS. Decision tree for the treatment of bipolar disorder. J Clin Psychiatry. 2003;64(suppl 8):35-40.
12. Glick ID, Suppes T, DeBattista C, Hu RJ, Marder S. Psychopharmacologic treatment strategies for depression, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia. Ann Int Med. 2001;134(1):47-60.
13. Suppes T, Rush AJ, Dennehy EB, et al. Texas Medication Algorithm Project, phase 3 (TMAP-3): clinical results for patients with a history of mania. J Clin Psychiatry. 2003;64(4):370-382.
14. Hilty DM, Kelly RH, Hales RE. Diagnosis and treatment of bipolar disorder in pregnant women. Prim Care Update Ob Gyns. 2000;7(3):105-112.
15. Sussman N. Medical and psychiatric disorders have more in common than you think. Primary Psychiatry. 2005;12(1):13.
16. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 4th ed, text rev. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 2000.
17. Hirschfeld RM, Williams JB, Spitzer RL, et al. Development and validation of a screening instrument for bipolar spectrum disorder: the Mood Disorder Questionnaire. Am J Psychiatry. 2000;157(11):1873-1875.
18. Sussman N. Current conceptualization of bipolar disorder. Primary Psychiatry. 2004;11(10):13.
19. Kessler RC, McGonagle KA, Zhao S, et al. Lifetime and 12-month prevalence of DSM-III-R psychiatric disorders in the United States. Results from the National Comorbidity Survey. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1994;51(1):8-19.
20. Akiskal HS, Maser JD, Zeller PJ, et al. Switching from 'unipolar' to bipolar II. An 11-year prospective study of clinical and temperamental predictors in 559 patients. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1995;52(2):114-123.
21. Goldberg JF, Harrow M, Whiteside JE. Risk for bipolar illness in patients initially hospitalized for unipolar depression. Am J Psychiatry. 2001;158(8):1265-1270.
22. Mondimore FM, Fuller GA, DePaulo JR Jr. Drug combinations for mania. J Clin Psychiatry. 2003;64(suppl 5):25-31.
23. Hirschfeld RM, Baker JD, Wozniak P, Tracy K, Sommerville KW. The safety and early efficacy of oral-loaded divalproex verses standard-titration divalproex, lithium, olanzapine, and placebo in the treatment of acute mania associated with bipolar disorder. J Clin Psychiatry. 2003;64(7):841-846.
24. Keck PE, McElroy SL. Divalproex in the treatment of bipolar disorder. Pharm Bull. 2003;37(suppl 2):67-73.
25. Bryant AE, Dreifuss FE. Valproic acid hepatic fatalities, III. U.S. experience since 1986. Neurology. 1996;46(2):465-469.
26. Ferin M, Mortell M, Xiao E, et al. Endocrine and metabolic responses to long-term monotherapy with antiepileptic drug valproate in the normally cycling rhesus monkey. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003;88(6):2908-2915.
27. Calabrese JR, Suppes T, Bowden CL, et al. A double-blind, placebo-controlled, prophylaxis study of lamotrigine in rapid-cycling bipolar disorder. Lamictal 614 Study Group. J Clin Psychiatry. 2000;61(11):841-850.
28. Calabrese JR, Keck PE Jr, MacFadden W, et al. A randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trial of quetiapine in the treatment of bipolar I or II depression. Am J Psychiatry. 2005;162(7):1351-1360.
29. Printz D, Clark J, Stricks L, Malaspina D. Weight gain in bipolar disorder: causes and treatments. Primary Psychiatry. 2003;10(1):29-36.
30. Keck PE, McElroy SL. Bipolar disorder, obesity and pharmacotherapy- associated weight gain. J Clin Psychiatry. 2003;64(12):1426-1435.
31. McElroy SL, Suppes T, Keck PE, et al. Open-label adjunctive topiramate in the treatment of bipolar disorders. Biol Psychiatry. 2000;47(12):1025-1033.
32. Marcotte DB. Effects on long-term treatment with topiramate on mood and body weight in patients with bipolar disorders. Primary Psychiatry. 2003;10(3):63-68.
33. American Diabetes Association, Psychiatric Association, Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, North American Association for the Study of Obesity. Consensus development conference on antipsychotic drugs and obesity and diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2004;27(8):596-601.
34. Grundy SM, Brewer HB, Cleeman JI, et al. Definition of metabolic syndrome: Report of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute/American Heart Association conference on scientific issues related to definition. Circulation. 2004;109(3):433-438.
35. Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults. Executive Summary of The Third Report of The National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, And Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol In Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). JAMA. 2001;285(19):2486-2497.
36. McEvoy JP, Meyer JM, Goff DC, et al. Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in patients with schizophrenia: baseline results from the Clinical Antipsychotic Trials of Intervention Effectiveness (CATIE) schizophrenia trial and comparison with national estimates from NHANES III. Schiz Res. 2005;80(1):19-32.
37. Post RM, Leverich GS, Nolen WA, et al. A re-evaluation of the role of antidepressants in the treatment of bipolar depression: data from the Stanley Foundation Bipolar Network. Bipolar Disord. 2003;5(6):396-406.
38. Leverich GS, Altshuler LL, Frye MA, et al. Risk of switch in mood polarity to hypomania or mania in patients with bipolar depression during acute and continuation trials of venlafaxine, sertraline, and bupropion as adjuncts to mood stabilizers. Am J Psychiatry. 2006;163(2):232-239.
39. Saiz-Ruiz J, Cebollada A, Ibanez A. Sleep disorders in bipolar depression: hypnotics vs sedative antidepressants. J Psychosom Res. 1994;38(suppl):55-60.
40. Keck PE Jr, McElroy SL, Strakowski SM, et al. Outcome and comorbidity in first- compared with multiple-episode mania. J Nerv Mental Dis. 1995;183(5):320-324.
41. Tohen M, Waternaux CM, Tsuang MT. Outcome in mania. A 4-year prospective follow-up of 75 patients utilizing survival analysis. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1990;47(12):1106-1111.
42. Solomon DA, Keitner GI, Miller IW, Shea MT, Heller MB. Course of illness and maintenance treatment for patients with bipolar disorder. J Clin Psychiatry. 1995;56(1):5-13.
43. Ghaemi SN, Pardo TB, Hsu DJ. Strategies for preventing the recurrence of bipolar disorder. J Clin Psychiatry. 2004;65(suppl 10):16-23.
44. Judd LL, Akiskal HS, Schettler PJ, et al. The long-term natural history of the weekly symptomatic status of bipolar I disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2002;59(6);530-537.
45. Burt VK, Rasgon N. Special considerations in treating bipolar disorder in women. Bipolar Disord. 2004;6(1):2-13.
46. Cohen L, Friedman J, Jefferson J, et al. A reevaluation of risk of in utero exposure to lithium. JAMA. 1994;271(2):146-150.
47. Erratum in: JAMA. 1994;271(19):1485.
48. Spencer JL, Gonzalez LS 3rd, Barnhard DJ: Medications in the breast-feeding mother. Am Fam Physician. 2001;64(1). Available at http://www.aafp.org/afp/20010701/119.html. Accessed May 24, 2006.
49. Burt VK, Hendrick VC. Concise Guide to Women's Mental Health. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press; 1997.