Special considerations in treating bipolar disorder in women

Bipolar Disorders

Volumn 6, Issue 1, 2004, Pages 2-13

  Burt, Vivien K ^a   Rasgon, Natalie ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b STANFORD UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Lamotrigine; Lithium; Postpartum; Pregnancy; Valproate

Indexed keywords

ANDROGEN; ANTICONVULSIVE AGENT; ANTIDEPRESSANT AGENT; ATYPICAL ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENT; CARBAMAZEPINE; CLOZAPINE; GABAPENTIN; LAMOTRIGINE; LITHIUM; ORAL CONTRACEPTIVE AGENT; TOPIRAMATE; VALPROIC ACID; VERAPAMIL;

ADULT; BIPOLAR DISORDER; BIPOLAR MANIA; BIRTH DEFECT; BRAIN HEMORRHAGE; BREAST FEEDING; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; COGNITIVE DEFECT; CONGENITAL MALFORMATION; DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER; DISEASE COURSE; DISEASE EXACERBATION; DRUG BLOOD LEVEL; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG METABOLISM; DRUG SAFETY; EPILEPSY; EVIDENCE BASED MEDICINE; FEMALE; FETUS DEATH; GOITER; HUMAN; HYPERANDROGENISM; HYPERINSULINEMIA; HYPOMANIA; HYPOTHYROIDISM; MALE; MENOPAUSE; MENSTRUATION; MENSTRUATION DISORDER; MIXED MANIA AND DEPRESSION; OBESITY; OVARY CYCLE; OVARY POLYCYSTIC DISEASE; PATIENT CARE; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; PREGNANCY; PRESCRIPTION; PREVALENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PUERPERIUM; REVIEW; SEX DIFFERENCE; TERATOGENICITY; THROMBOCYTOPENIA; THYROIDITIS;

ANTICONVULSANTS; ANTIMANIC AGENTS; BIPOLAR DISORDER; BREAST FEEDING; CONTRACEPTIVES, ORAL; DRUG INTERACTIONS; FEMALE; HUMANS; LITHIUM; MENOPAUSE; MENSTRUAL CYCLE; POSTPARTUM PERIOD; PRACTICE GUIDELINES; PREGNANCY; SEX FACTORS; VALPROIC ACID; WOMEN'S HEALTH;

EID: 1342269034     PISSN: 13985647     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1046/j.1399-5618.2003.00089.x     Document Type: Review

References (90)

1. Regier DA, Narrow WE, Rae DS, Manderscheid RW, Locke BZ, Goodwin FK. The de facto US mental and addictive disorders service system. Epidemiologic catchment area prospective 1-year prevalence rates of disorders and services. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1993; 50: 85-94.
2. Parry BL. Reproductive factors affecting the course of affective illness in women. Psychiatr Clin North Am 1989; 12: 207-220.
3. Robb JC, Young LT, Cooke RG, Joffe RT. Gender differences in patients with bipolar disorder influence outcome in the medical outcomes survey (SF-20) subscale scores. J Affect Disord 1998; 49: 189-193.
4. Kilzieh N, Akiskal HS. Rapid-cycling bipolar disorder. An overview of research and clinical experience. Psychiatr Clin North Am 1999; 22: 585-607.
5. Ishimaru-Tseng TV. Evaluation of late onset bipolar illness during menopause. Hawaii Med J 2000; 59: 51-53.
6. Akiskal HS, Hantouche EG, Bourgeois ML et al. Gender, temperament, and the clinical picture in dysphoric mixed mania: findings from a French national study (EPIMAN). J Affect Disord 1998; 50: 175-186.
7. Tondo L, Baldessarini RJ. Rapid cycling in women and men with bipolar manic-depressive disorders. Am J Psychiatry 1998; 155: 1434-1436.
8. Freeman MP, McElroy SL. Clinical picture and etiologic models of mixed states. Psychiatr Clin North Am 1999; 22: 535-546, vii.
9. Arnold LM, McElroy SL, Keck PE Jr. The role of gender in mixed mania. Compr Psychiatry 2000; 41: 83-87.
10. Keller MB, Lavori PW, Coryell W et al. Differential outcome of pure manic, mixed/cycling, and pure depressive episodes in patients with bipolar illness. JAMA 1986; 255: 3138-3142.
11. Rasgon N, Bauer M, Glenn T, Whybrow PC. Gender Differences on Mood Patterns in Bipolar Disorder. American Psychiatric Association 2002 Annual Meeting-Abstracts on Disk. 155th Annual Meeting of the American Psychiatric Association NR239. 2002. Washington, DC, USA: American Psychiatric Association.
12. Blehar MC, DePauto JR Jr, Gershon ES, Reich T, Simpson SG, Nurnberger JI Jr. Women with bipolar disorder: findings from the NIMH Genetics Initiative sample. Psychopharmacol Bull 1998; 34: 239-243.
13. Hendrick V, Altshuler LL, Gitlin MJ, Delrahim S, Hammen C. Gender and bipolar illness. J Clin Psychiatry 2000; 61: 393-396.
14. Angst J. The course of affective disorders. II. Typology of bipolar manic-depressive illness. Arch Psychiatr Nervenkr 1978; 226: 65-73.
15. Roy-Byrne PP, Post RM, Uhde TW, Porcu T, Davis D. The longitudinal course of recurrent affective illness: life chart data from research patients at the NIMH. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1985; 71: 5-34.
16. Viguera AC, Tondo L, Baldessarini RJ. Sex differences in response to lithium treatment. Am J Psychiatry 2000; 157: 1509-1511.
17. Leibenluft E. Issues in the treatment of women with bipolar illness. J Clin Psychiatry 1997; 58(Suppl. 15): 5-11.
18. Goodwin FK, Jamison KR. Clinical Guidelines. Manic Depressive Illness. New York, NY, USA: Oxford University Press, 1990: 665-724.
19. Bowden CL, Calabrese JR, McElroy SL et al. The efficacy of lamotrigine in rapid cycling and non-rapid cycling patients with bipolar disorder. Biol Psychiatry 1999; 45: 953-958.
20. Leibenluft E. Women and bipolar disorder: an update. Bull Menninger Clin 2000; 64: 5-17.
21. Altshuler LL, Keck PE Jr, McElroy SL et al. Gabapentin in the acute treatment of refractory bipolar disorder. Bipolar Disord 1999; 1: 61-65.
22. Frye MA, Ketter TA, Kimbrell TA et al. A placebo-controlled study of lamotrigine and gabapentin monotherapy in refractory mood disorders. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2000; 20: 607-614.
23. Pande AC, Crockatt JG, Janney CA, Werth JL, Tsaroucha G. Gabapentin in bipolar disorder: a placebo-controlled trial of adjunctive therapy. Gabapentin Bipolar Disorder Study Group. Bipolar Disord 2000; 2 (3 Pt 2): 249-255.
24. McElroy SL, Suppes T, Keck PE et al. Open-label adjunctive topiramate in the treatment of bipolar disorders. Biol Psychiatry 2000; 47: 1025-1033.
25. Rasgon N, Bauer M, Glenn T, Elman S, Whybrow PC. Menstrual cycle related mood changes in women with bipolar disorder. Bipolar Disord 2003; 5: 48-52.
26. Hendrick V, Altshuler LL, Burt VK. Course of psychiatric disorders across the menstrual cycle. Harv Rev Psychiatry 1996; 4: 200-207.
27. Leibenluft E, Ashman SB, Feldman-Naim S, Yonkers KA. Lack of relationship between menstrual cycle phase and mood in a sample of women with rapid cycling bipolar disorder. Biol Psychiatry 1999; 46: 577-580.
28. Targum SD, Davenport YB, Webster MJ. Postpartum mania in bipolar manic-depressive patients withdrawn from lithium carbonate. J Nerv Ment Dis 1979; 167: 572-574.
29. Sharma V, Persad E. Effect of pregnancy on three patients with bipolar disorder. Ann Clin Psychiatry 1995; 7: 39-42.
30. Grof P, Robbins W, Alda M et al. Protective effect of pregnancy in women with lithium-responsive bipolar disorder. J Affect Disord 2000; 61: 31-39.
31. Viguera AC, Cohen LS. The course and management of bipolar disorder during pregnancy. Psychopharmacol Bull 1998; 34: 339-346.
32. Viguera AC, Cohen LS, Reminick A, Psaros C. Risk of recurrence among pregnant women with bipolar disorder. 2002 Annual Meeting-Abstracts on Disk. 155th Annual Meeting of the American Psychiatric Association. Washington, DC, USA: American Psychiatric Association, 2002.
33. Freeman MP, Smith KW, Freeman SA et al. The impact of reproductive events on the course of bipolar disorder in women. J Clin Psychiatry 2002; 63: 284-287.
34. Pariser SF. Women and mood disorders. Menarche to menopause. Ann Clin Psychiatry 1993; 5: 249-254.
35. Miller LJ. Postpartum depression. JAMA 2002; 287: 762-765.
36. Jefferson JW, Greist JH, Ackerman DL, Carroll JA. Pregnancy. Lithium Encyclopedia for Clinical Practice. Washington, DC, USA: American Psychiatric Press, Inc., 1987: 504-511.
37. Stewart DE, Klompenhouwer JL, Kendell RE, van Hulst AM. Prophylactic lithium in puerperal psychosis. The experience of three centres. Br J Psychiatry 1991; 158: 393-397.
38. Cohen LS, Sichel DA, Robertson LM, Heckscher E, Rosenbaum JF. Postpartum prophylaxis for women with bipolar disorder. Am J Psychiatry 1995; 152: 1641-1645.
39. Austin MP. Puerperal affective psychosis: is there a case for lithium prophylaxis? Br J Psychiatry 1992; 161: 692-694.
40. Stewart DE. Prophylactic lithium in postpartum affective psychosis. J Nerv Ment Dis 1988; 176: 485-489.
41. Kukopulos A, Reginaldi D, Laddomada P, Floris G, Serra G, Tondo L. Course of the manic-depressive cycle and changes caused by treatment. Pharmakopsychiatr Neuropsychopharmakol 1980; 13: 156-167.
42. Weissman MM, Bland R, Joyce PR, Newman S, Wells JE, Wittchen HU. Sex differences in rates of depression: cross-national perspectives. J Affect Disord 1993; 29: 77-84.
43. Burt VK, Stein K. Epidemiology of depression throughout the female life cycle. J Clin Psychiatry 2002; 63(Suppl. 7): 9-15.
44. Isojarvi JI, Tauboll E, Pakarinen AJ et al. Altered ovarian function and cardiovascular risk factors in valproate-treated women. Am J Med 2001; 111: 290-296.
45. Garland EJ, Behr R. Hormonal effects of valproic acid? J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1996; 35: 1424-1425.
46. Rasgon NL, Altshuler LL, Gudeman D et al. Medication status and polycystic ovary syndrome in women with bipolar disorder: a preliminary report. J Clin Psychiatry 2000; 61: 173-178.
47. Duncan S. Polycystic ovarian syndrome in women with epilepsy: a review. Epilepsia. 2001;42(Suppl. 3): 60-65.
48. Herzog AG, Schachter SC. Valproate and the polycystic ovarian syndrome: final thoughts. Epilepsia 2001; 42: 311-315.
49. Isojarvi JI, Laatikainen TJ, Pakarinen AJ, Juntunen KT, Myllyla VV. Polycystic ovaries and hyperandrogenism in women taking valproate for epilepsy. N Engl J Med 1993; 329:1383-1388.
50. Isojarvi JI, Laatikainen TJ, Knip M, Pakarinen AJ, Juntunen KT, Myllyla VV. Obesity and endocrine disorders in women taking valproate for epilepsy. Ann Neurol 1996; 39: 579-584.
51. Luef G, Abraham I, Trinka E, Alge A, Windisch J, Daxenbichler G et al. Hyperandrogenism, postprandial hyperinsulinism and the risk of PCOS in a cross sectional study of women with epilepsy treated with valproate. Epilepsy Res 2002; 48: 91-102.
52. Luef G, Abraham I, Haslinger M et al. Polycystic ovaries, obesity and insulin resistance in women with epilepsy. A comparative study of carbamazepine and valproic acid in 105 women. J Neurol 2002; 249: 835-841.
53. Bauer J, Jarre A, Klingmuller D, Elger CE. Polycystic ovary syndrome in patients with focal epilepsy: a study in 93 women. Epilepsy Res 2000; 41: 163-167.
54. Bilo L, Meo R, Valentino R, Di Carlo C, Striano S, Nappi C. Characterization of reproductive endocrine disorders in women with epilepsy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001; 86: 2950-2956.
55. Johnston AM, Eagles JM. Lithium-associated clinical hypothyroidism. Prevalence and risk factors. Br J Psychiatry 1999; 175: 336-339.
56. Bocchetta A, Bernardi F, Pedditzi M et al. Thyroid abnormalities during lithium treatment. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1991; 83: 193-198.
57. Crawford P. Interactions between antiepileptic drugs and hormonal contraception. CNS Drugs 2002; 16: 263-272.
58. Sabers A, Buchholt JM, Uldall P, Hansen EL. Lamotrigine plasma levels reduced by oral contraceptives. Epilepsy Res 2001; 47: 151-154.
59. Physicians' Desk Reference, 55th edn. Montvale, NJ: Medical Economics, Inc, 2001.
60. Goldstein DJ, Corbin LA, Fung MC. Olanzapine-exposed pregnancies and lactation: early experience. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2000; 20: 399-403.
61. Wisner KL, Peindl KS, Perel JM, Hanusa BH, Piontek CM, Baab S. Verapamil treatment for women with bipolar disorder. Biol Psychiatry 2002; 51: 745-752.
62. Iqbal MM, Gundlapalli SP, Ryan WG, Ryals T, Passman TE. Effects of antimanic mood-stabilizing drugs on fetuses, neonates, and nursing infants. South Med J 2001: 94: 304-322.
63. Packer S. Family planning for women with bipolar disorder. Hosp Community Psychiatry 1992; 43: 479-482.
64. Llewellyn A, Stowe ZN, Strader JR Jr. The use of lithium and management of women with bipolar disorder during pregnancy and lactation. J Clin Psychiatry 1998; 59(Suppl. 6): 57-64.
65. Altshuler LL, Hendrick VC. Pregnancy and psychotropic medication: changes in blood levels. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1996; 16: 78-80.
66. Wisner KL, Perel JM, Wheeler SB. Tricyclic dose requirements across pregnancy. Am J Psychiatry 1993; 150: 1541-1542.
67. American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Drugs. Use of psychoactive medication during pregnancy and possible effects on the fetus and newborn. Committee on Drugs. American Academy of Pediatrics. Pediatrics 2000; 105(4 Pt 1): 880-887.
68. Spinelli MG. Interpersonal psychotherapy for depressed antepartum women: a pilot study. Am J Psychiatry 1997; 154: 1028-1030.
69. O'Hara MW, Stuart S, Gorman LL, Wenzel A. Efficacy of interpersonal psychotherapy for postpartum depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2000; 57: 1039-1045.
70. Miller LJ. Use of electroconvulsive therapy during pregnancy. Hosp Community Psychiatry 1994; 45: 444-450.
71. American Academy of Pediatrics. Transfer of drugs and other chemicals into human milk. Pediatrics 2001; 108: 776-789.
72. Burt VK, Suri R, Altshuler L, Stowe Z, Hendrick VC, Muntean E. The use of psychotropic medications during breast-feeding. Am J Psychiatry 2001; 158: 1001-1009.
73. Newport DJ, Hostetter A, Arnold A, Stowe ZN. The treatment of postpartum depression: minimizing infant exposures. J Clin Psychiatry 2002; 63(Suppl. 7): 31-44.
74. Calabrese JR, Shelton MD, Bowden CL et al. Bipolar rapid cycling: focus on depression as its hallmark. J Clin Psychiatry 2001; 62 Suppl 14: 34-41.
75. Cohen LS, Friedman JM, Jefferson JW, Johnson EM, Weiner ML. A reevaluation of risk of in utero exposure to lithium. JAMA 1994; 271: 146-150.
76. Iqbal MM, Sohhan T, Mahmud SZ. The effects of lithium, valproic acid, and carbamazepine during pregnancy and lactation. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 2001; 39: 381-392.
77. Topamax product information. Physicians' Desk Reference. Montvale, NJ: Medical Economics Company, Inc, 2001: 2391-2396.
78. Neurontin product information. Physicians' Desk Reference. Montvale, NJ: Medical Economics Company, Inc, 2001: 2458-2461.
79. Lamictal product information. Physicians' Desk Reference. Montvale, NJ: Medical Economics Company, Inc, 2001: 1414-1418.
80. Viguera AC, Baldessarini RJ, Hegarty JD, van Kammen DP, Tohen M. Clinical risk following abrupt and gradual withdrawal of maintenance neuroleptic treatment. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1997; 54: 49-55.
81. Clozaril product information. Physicians' Desk Reference. Montvale, NJ: Medical Economics Company, Inc, 2001: 2155-2159.
82. Risperdal product information. Physicians' Desk Reference. Montvale, NJ: Medical Economics Company, Inc, 2001: 1580-1584.
83. Zyprexa product information. Physicians' Desk Reference. Montvale, NJ: Medical Economics Company, Inc, 2001: 1788-1793.
84. American Academy of Pediatrics. Committee on drugs: the transfer of drugs and other chemicals into human milk. Pediatrics 1994; 93: 137-150.
85. Chaudron LH, Jefferson JW. Mood stabilizers during breastfeeding: a review. J Clin Psychiatry 2000; 61: 79-90.
86. Piontek CM, Baab S, Peindl KS, Wisner KL. Serum valproate levels in 6 breastfeeding mother-infant pairs. J Clin Psychiatry 2000; 61: 170-172.
87. Rambeck B, Kurlemann G, Stodieck SR, May TW, Jurgens U. Concentrations of lamotrigine in a mother on lamotrigine treatment and her newborn child. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1997; 51: 481-484.
88. Tomson T, Ohman I, Vitols S. Lamotrigine in pregnancy and lactation: a case report. Epilepsia 1997; 38: 1039-1041.
89. Ohman I, Tomson T, Vitols S. Lamotrigine levels in plasma and breast milk in nursing women and their infants. Epilepsia 1998; 39(Suppl. 2): 21.
90. Ohman I, Vitols S, Tomson T. Lamotrigine in pregnancy: pharmacokinetics during delivery, in the neonate, and during lactation. Epilepsia 2000; 41: 709-713.