Secondary recurrent miscarriage - A unique entity with respect to etiology and treatment

Current Women's Health Reviews

Volumn 2, Issue 2, 2006, Pages 119-124

  Christiansen, Ole B ^a   Kolte, Astrid M ^a   Nielsen, Henriette S ^a  

^a Rigshospitalet   (Denmark)

Author keywords

Abortion; Immunotherapy; Recurrent miscarriage

Indexed keywords

HISTOCOMPATIBILITY ANTIGEN; IMMUNOGLOBULIN; PLACEBO;

ALLELE; CHROMOSOME ABERRATION; CLINICAL PROTOCOL; CLINICAL TRIAL; ENDOCRINE DISEASE; FEMALE; GENETIC DISORDER; HUMAN; IMMUNOPATHOLOGY; IMMUNOTHERAPY; INNATE IMMUNITY; LYMPHOCYTE TRANSFUSION; PATHOGENESIS; PREVALENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROGNOSIS; RECURRENT ABORTION; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; THROMBOPHILIA; TROPHOBLAST; UTERUS DISEASE;

EID: 33746119105     PISSN: 15734048     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2174/157340406776931089     Document Type: Review

References (40)

1. Carp HJ, Toder V, Torchinsky A, et al. Allogenic leukocyte immunization after five or more miscarriages. Recurrent Miscarriage Immunotherapy Trialists Group. Hum Reprod 1997; 12: 250-255.
2. Shakhar K, Ben-Eliyahu S, Loewenthal R, Rosenne E, Carp H. Differences in number and activity of peripheral natural killer cells in primary versus secondary recurrent miscarriage. Fertil Steril 2003; 80: 368-375.
3. Stephenson MD. Frequency of factors associated with habitual abortion in 197 couples. Fertil Steril 1006; 66: 24-29.
4. Coulam CB. Immunological tests in the evaluation of reproductive disorders: A critical review. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1992; 167: 1844-1851.
5. Rochester DB, Davies TF. Increased risk of Graves disease after pregnancy. Thyroid 2005; 15: 1287-1290.
6. Bennett KA. Pregnancy and multiple sclerosis. Clin Obstet Gynecol 2005; 48: 38-47.
7. Buyon JP, Nelson JL, Lockshin MD. The effects of pregnancy on autoimmune diseases. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 1996; 78: 99-104.
8. Hill JA. T-helper 1-type immunity to trophoblast: evidence for a new immunological mechanism for recurrent abortion in women. Hum Reprod 1995; 10(Suppl 2): 114-120.
9. Sargent IL, Wilkins T, Redman CWG. Maternal immune responses to the fetus in early pregnancy and recurrent miscarriage. Lancet 1988; ii: 1099-1104.
10. Christiansen OB, Mathiesen O, Husth M, Lauritsen JG, Grunnet N. Placebo-controlled trial of active immunization with third party leukocytes in recurrent miscarriage. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1994; 73: 261-268.
11. Jablonowska B, Palfi M, Matthiesen L, Selbing A, Kjellberg S, Ernerudh J. T and B lymphocytes subsets in patients with unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion: IVIG versus placebo treatment. Am J Reprod Immunol 2002; 48: 312-318.
12. Verdijk RM, Kloosterman A, Pool J, et al. Pregnancy induces minor histocompatibility antigen-specific cytotoxic T cells: implications for stem cell transplantation and immunotherapy. Blood 2004; 103: 1961-1964.
13. Christiansen OB, Pedersen B, Nielsen HS, Nybo Andersen AM. Impact of the sex of first child on the prognosis in secondary recurrent miscarriage. Hum Reprod 2004; 19: 2946-2951.
14. Brigham SA, Conlon C, Farquharson RG. A longitudinal study of pregnancy outcome following idiopathic recurrent miscarriage. Hum Reprod 1999; 14: 2868-2871.
15. Christiansen OB, Pedersen B, Rosgaard A, Husth M. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of intravenous immunoglobulin in the prevention of recurrent miscarriage: evidence for a therapeutic effect in women with secondary recurrent miscarriage. Hum Reprod 2002; 17: 809-816.
16. Nybo Andersen AM, Wohlfahrt J, Christens P, Olsen J, Melbye M. Maternal age and fetal loss: population based register linkage study. BMJ 2000; 320: 1708-1712.
17. Rai R, Rushworth F, Regan L. Polycystic ovaries and recurernt miscarriage - a reappraisal. Hum Reprod 2000; 15: 612-615.
18. Tharapel AT, Tharapel SA, Bannerman RM. Recurrent pregnancy losses and chromosome abnormalities: a review. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1985; 92: 899-914.
19. Franssen MTM, Korevaar JC, Leschot NJ, et al. Selective chromosome analysis in couples with two or more miscarriages: case-control study. BMJ 2005; 331: 137-141.
20. Christiansen OB, Nielsen HS, Pedersen B. Active or passive immunization in unexplained recurrent miscarriage. J Reprod Immunol 2004; 62: 41-52.
21. Ogasawara M, Aoki K, Okada S, Suzumori K. Embryonic karyotype of abortuses in relation to the number of previous miscarriages. Fertil Steril 2000; 73: 300-304.
22. Rey E, Kahn SR, David M, Shrier I. Thrombophilic disorders and fetal loss: a meta-analysis. Lancet 2003; 361: 90-908.
23. Wramsby ML, Sten-Linder M, Bremme K. Primary habitual abortions are associated with high frequency of factor V Leiden mutation. Fertil Steril 2000; 74: 987-991.
24. Rai R, Shlebak A, Cohen H, et al. Factor V Leiden and acquired activated protein C resistance among 1000 women with recurrent miscarriage. Hum Reprod 2001; 16: 961-965.
25. Carp H, Salomon O, Seidman D, Dardik R, Rosenberg N, Inbal A. Prevalence of genetic markers for thrombophilia in recurrent pregnancy loss. Hum Reprod 2002; 17: 1633-1637.
26. Regan L. A prospective study of spontaneous abortion. In: Beard RW, Sharp F. Early Pregnancy Loss, Mechanism and treatment. Springer-Verlag 1988; 23-37.
27. The Recurrent Miscarriage Immunotherapy Trialists Group. Worldwide collaborative observational study and meta-analysis on allogeneic leukocyte immunotherapy for recurrent spontaneous abortion. Am J Reprod Immunol 1994; 32: 55-72.
28. Nielsen HS, Christiansen OB. Prognostic impact of anticardiolipin antibodies in women with recurrent miscarriages negative for the lupus anticoagulant. Hum Reprod 2005; 20: 1720-1728.
29. Rai R, Regan L, Clifford K, et al. Antiphospholipid antibodies and beta2-glycoprotein-I in 500 women with recurrent miscarriage: results of a comprehensive screening approach. Hum Reprod 1995: 10: 2001-2005.
30. Cowchock S, Bruce Smith J, Gocial B. Antibodies to phospholipids and nuclear antigens in patients with repeated abortions. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1986; 155: 1002-1010.
31. Unander AM, Norberg R, Hahn L, Årfors L. Anticardiolipin antibodies and complement in ninety-nine women with habitual abortion. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1987; 156: 114-119
32. Aoki K, Kajiura S, Matsumoto Y, Ogasawara et al. Preconceptional natural-killer activity as a predictor of miscarriage. Lancet 1995; 345: 1340-1342.
33. Kruse C, Steffensen R, Varming K, Christiansen OB. A study of HLA-DR and -DQ alleles in 588 patients and 562 controls confirms that HLA-DRB1*03 is associated with recurrent miscarriage. Hum Reprod 2004; 19: 1215-1221.
34. Scott JR. Immunotherapy for recurrent miscarriage [Cochrane Review]. In: The Cochrane Library, 3. Oxford: Update Software, 2003.
35. Christiansen OB, Daya S, Bosch E, Delves PJ. Weighing the evidence - metaquality and immunological problems in in vitro fertilization cycles? Reply of the authors. Fertil Steril 2005; 84: 813-814.
36. Daya S, Gunby J. The effectiveness of allogeneic leukocyte immunization in unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion. Recurrent Miscarriage Immunotrialists Group. Am J Reprod Immunol 1994; 32: 294-302.
37. Christiansen OB, Nielsen HS. Intravenous immunoglobulin in the prevention of recurrent miscarriage: does it work? Chem Immunol Allergy 2005; 88: 117-127.
38. Stricker RB, Steinleitner A, Bookoff CN, Weckstein LN, Winger EE. Successful treatment of immunological abortion with low-dose intravenous immunoglobulin. Fertil Steril 2000; 73: 536-540.
39. Christiansen OB, Ulcova-Gallova Z, Mohapeloa H, Krauz V. Studies on associations between human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II alleles and antiphospholipd antibodies in Danish and Czech women with recurrent miscarriages. Hum Reprod 1998; 13: 3326-3331.
40. Empson M, Lassere M, Craig JC, Scott JR. Recurrent pregnancy loss with antiphopholipid antibody: A systematic review of therapeutic trials. Obstet Gynecol 2002; 99: 135-144.