Behavior of picketed circus elephants

Applied Animal Behaviour Science

Volumn 62, Issue 1, 1999, Pages 73-88

  Friend, Ted H ^a  

^a TEXAS A AND M UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Elephant; Stereotypic behavior; Time budget; Welfare

Indexed keywords

EID: 0033557469     PISSN: 01681591     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0168-1591(98)00210-X     Document Type: Article

References (9)

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3. Kiley-Worthington, M. 1990. Animals in Circuses and Zoos: Chiron's World? Little Eco-Farm Pub., Basildon, Essex, England, 240 pp.
4. Lawrence A.B., Terlouw E.M.C. A review of behavioral factors involved in the development and continued performance of stereotypic behaviors in pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 71:1993;2815-2825.
5. Lehnhardt, J. 1995. Working elephants in Sri Lanka and Myanmar. Proceedings, 16th Annual Elephant Manager's Workshop. Elephant Manager's Association, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
6. McGreevy P.D., Cripps P.J., French N.P., Green L.E., Nicol C.J. Management factors associated with stereotypic and redirected behaviour in the thoroughbred horse. Equine Vet. J. 27:1995;86-91.
7. Rushen, J. Lawrence, A.B., Terlouw, E.M.C. 1993. The motivational basis of stereotypes. In: Lawrence, A.B., Rushen, J. (Eds.), Stereotypic Animal Behaviour. CAB Int., Wallingford, Oxon, UK, pp. 41-64.
8. SAS Institute, 1989. SAS for Windows, Version 6.08. SAS Institute, Cary, NC.
9. Schmid J. Keeping circus elephants temporarily in paddocks - the effects on their behaviour. Animal Welfare. 4:1995;87-101.