Garlic Powder as Blood Serum and Egg Yolk Cholesterol Lowering Agent

Journal of Poultry Science

Volumn 41, Issue 1, 2004, Pages 50-57

  Mottaghitalab, M ^a   Taraz, Z ^b  

^a faculty of agriculture Univesity Of Guilan ^*

^b UNIVERSITY OF GUILAN   (Iran)

Author keywords

cholesterol; egg; garlic

Indexed keywords

EID: 33745842351     PISSN: 13467395     EISSN: 13490486     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.41.50     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. Agarwal KC. Therapeutic actions of garlic extract. Medical Research Review, 16: 111–124. 1996.
2. Ali M, AI-Qattan KK, AI-Enezi F, Khanafer RMA and Mustafa T. Effect of allicin from garlic powder on serum lipids and blood pressure in rats fed with a high cholesterol diet. Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes Medecine, 62: 253–259. 2000.
3. Awad AC, and Smith DM. Method for reduction of cholesterol in egg materials. U.S. Patent 5, 484624, Jan. 16. 1996.
4. Bacons WL, Leclercq B, and Blum JC. Difference in metabolism of very low density lipoprotein from laying chicken hens in comparison to immature chicken hens. Poultry Science. 57: 1675–1686. 1978.
5. Barenes J, Anderson LA, Philipson JD. Herbal medicine, A guide for healthcare professionals. 2nd edition. London: Pharmaceutical Press. 2002.
6. Berthold HK, Sudhop T, and Von Bergmann K. Effect of garlic oil preparation on serum lipoproteins and cholesterol metabolism: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Medical Association, 279: 1900–1902. 1998.
7. Bremner I. Manifestation of copper excess. American Journal Clinical Nutrition, 67: 1096S-73S. 1998.
8. Cherian G and Sim JS. Effect of feeding full fat flax and canola seeds to laying hens on fatty acid composition of eggs, embryos, and newly hatched chicks. Poultry Science, 70: 917–922. 1991.
9. Dehal SS, Freier TA, Young JW, Hartman PA, and Beitz DC. A novel method to decrease the cholesterol content of foods. in: Fat and Cholesterol Reduced Foods (Haberstroh, C., and C.E. Morris, eds). pp: 203–220. Gulf publishing Co. Houston, TX. 1991.
10. Folch J, Lees M, and Sloane-Stanly GH. A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipids from animal tissue. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 226: 477–509. 1957.
11. Froning GW Wehling RL, Cuppett SL, Pierce MM, Niemann L, and Siekman DK. Extraction of cholesterol and other lipids from dried egg yolk using supercritical carbon dioxide. Journal of Food Science, 55: 95–98. 1990.
12. Gebhardt, TR. Inhibition of cholesterol biosynthesis by garlic compounds. Berlin Garlic symposium of the 6th Annual phytotherapy Congrass, Oct. 1995.
13. Griffin, HD. Manipulation of egg yolk cholesterol: a physiologist's view. World's Poultry Science, 48: 102–112. 1992.
14. Griminger P. Lipid metabolism. In Avian physiology, 4th Edition. (P.D. Sturkie, ed.). pp: 345–358. New York: Springer-Verlag. 1986.
15. Gyles R. Technological options for improving the nutritional value of poultry products. In common technological Options to Improve the Nutritional Attributes of Animal Products. pp: 297–310 NRC. National Academy press, Washington, D.C. 1988.
16. Hargis PS. Modification egg yolk cholesterol in the domestic fowl. Journal of Nutrition, 44: 17–29. 1988.
17. Hargis, PS, Van Elswyk ME and Hargis BM. Dietary modification of yolk lipid with Menhaden oil. Poultry Science, 70: 874–883. 1991.
18. Huang ZB, Leibovitz H, Lee CM, and Millar R. Effects of dietary fish oil on ω-3 fatty acid levels in chicken eggs and thigh flesh. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry, 38: 743–747. 1990.
19. Jain AK, Vargas R, Gotzkowsky S, and McMahon FG. Can garlic reduce levels of serum lipids? A controlled clinical study. American Journal Medecine, 94: 632–635. 1993.
20. Kinsella J, Lokesh EB and Stone RA. Dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and amelioration of cardiovascular disease: possible mechanisms. American Journal Clinical Nutrition, 52: 1–28. 1990.
21. Konjufca VH, Pesti GM and Bakalli RI. Modulation of cholesterol levels in broiler meat by dietary garlic and copper. Poultry Science, 76: 1264–1274. 1997.
22. Mathews CK and Van Holde KE. Biochemistry. Redwood City, CA: The Benjamin/Cummings Publishing Company, Inc. 1990.
23. Meier AH, Wilson JM. Method of altering the contents of eggs. United states patent, 5665375. September, 1997.
24. Naber EC. The Effect of Nutrition on the composition of eggs. Poultry Science, 58: 518–528. 1979.
25. Naber EC. Nutrient and drug effects on chelesterol metabolism in the laying hens. Federation Processing, 42: 2486–2493. 1983.
26. Pesti GM and Bakalli RI. Studies on the effect of feeding cupric sulfate pentahydrate to laying hens on egg cholesterol content. Poultry Science, 77: 1540–1545. 1998.
27. Reddy RV, Lightsey SF and Maurice DV. Effect of feeding garlic oil on performance and egg yolk cholesterol concentration. Poultry Science, 70: 2006–2009. 1991.
28. Riggs DR, DeHaven JI and Lamm DL. Allium Sativum (garlic) treatment for murine transitional cell carcinoma. Cancer, 79: 1987–1994. 1997.
29. SAS Institue.1996. SAS (r)Users Guide: Statistics. SAS Institue Inc., Cary, NC.
30. Silagy C, Neil A. Garlic as lipid lowering agent: A meta analysis. Journal Royal college of Physician, 28: 39–48. 1994.
31. Stadelman WJ, and Cotterill O. Egg Science and Technology. Haworth press, Inc., Binghampton, NY. 1994.
32. Underwood EJ, Suttle NF. Copper, In: The mineral nutrition of livestock. CABI publishing, Wallingford, UK, 283–342. 1999.
33. Vargas RE, Allred JB, Biggert MD and Naber EC. Effect of dietary 7-ketocholesterol,pure,or oxidized cholesterol on hepatic 3-heptic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase activity, on energy balance and egg cholesterol concentration. Poultry Science, 65: 645–652. 1986.
34. Vollbrecht HR, Cully J and Weismuller J. Process for the removal of cholesterol and cholesterol esters from egg yolk. United State Patent, 5063077, Nov 5. 1991.
35. Wang L, Newman RK, Newman CW and Hofer PJ. Barley β-Glucans alter intestinal viscosity and reduce plasma cholesterol concentration in chicks. Journal of Nutrition, 122: 2292–2297. 1992.
36. Warshafsky S, Kamer RS and Sivak SL. Effect of garlic on total serum cholesterol. A metaanalysis. Annual International Medicine, 19: 599–605. 1993.
37. Wheeler P, Peterson DW and Michaels GD. Fatty acid distribution in egg yolk as influenced by type and level of dietary fat. Journal of Nutrition, 69: 253–260. 1959.
38. Yeh SJC, and Leveille GA. Significance of skin as site of fatty aid and cholesterol synthesis in the chick. Proceeding of Society for Experimental Biological Medicine, 142: 115–119. 1973.
39. Zervas G, Nikolaou E and Mantzios A. Comparative study of chronic copper poisoning in lambs and young goats. Animal Production, 50: 497–506. 1990.
40. Zlatkis A, Zak B and Boyle A. A new method for the direct determination of serum cholesterol. Journal Laboratory Clinical Medicine, 4: 486–492. 1953.