Strain accommodation in transitional rifts: extension by magma intrusion and faulting in Ethiopian rift magmatic segments

Geological Society Special Publication

Volumn 259, Issue , 2006, Pages 143-163

  Casey, M ^a   Ebinger, C J ^b   Keir, D ^b   Gloaguen, R ^b,c   Mohamed, F ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^c TU BERGAKADEMIE FREIBERG   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DIKE; FAULTING; IGNEOUS INTRUSION; MAGMATISM; MID-OCEAN RIDGE; QUATERNARY; RIFT ZONE;

AFRICA; EAST AFRICAN RIFT; ETHIOPIAN RIFT; SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA;

EID: 33745802626     PISSN: 03058719     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1144/GSL.SP.2006.259.01.13     Document Type: Article

References (74)

1. Abebe, B., Boccaletti, M., Mazzuoli, R., Bonini, M.L. & Trua, T. 1998. Geological map of the Lake Ziway-Asela region, Main Ethiopian Rift. ARCA-DB Map.
2. Acocella, V. & Korme, T. 2002. Holocene extension direction along the Main Ethiopian Rift, East Africa. Terra Nova, 14, 191-197.
3. Acocella, V., Korme, T. & Salvini, F. 2003. Formation of normal faults along the axial zone of the Ethiopian Rift. Journal of Structural Geology, 25, 503-513.
4. Asfaw, L.M. 1982. Development of earthquake induced fissures. Nature, 286, 551-553.
5. Asfaw, L.M. 1992. Seismic risk at a site in the East-African Rift System. Tectonophysics, 209, 301-309.
6. Asfaw, L.M. 2006. Vertical deformation in the Main Ethiopian Rift: Levelling results in its northern part, 1995-2004. In: Yirgu, G., Ebinger, C.J. & Maguire, P.K.H. (eds) The Afar Volcanic Province within the East African Rift System. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 259, 185-190.
7. Yirgu, G., Ebinger, C.J. & Maguire, P.K.H. (eds) The Afar Volcanic Province within the East African Rift System. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 259, 185-190.
8. Ayele, A. 2000. Normal left-oblique fault mechanisms as an indication of sinistral deformation between the Nubia and Somalia plates in the Main Ethiopian Rift. Journal of African Earth Sciences, 31, 359-367.
9. Ayele, D., Bourdon, E., Ebinger, C., Wolfenden, E., Yirgu, G. & Grassineau, N. 2006. Temporal compositional variation of syn-rift rhyolite along the western margin of the Red Sea and northern Main Ethiopian Rift. In: Yirgu, G., Ebinger, C.J. & Maguire, P.K.H. (eds) The Afar Volcanic Province within the East African Rift System. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 259, 121-130.
10. Bastow, I., Stuart, G., Kendall, M. & Ebinger, C. 2005. Upper mantle seismic structure in a region of incipient continental breakup: northern Main Ethiopian Rift, Geophysical Journal International, 162, 479-493.
11. Bellahsen, N., Faccenna, C., Funiciello, C., Daniel, J.M. & Jolivet, L. 2003. Why did Africa separate from Africa? Insights from 3D laboratory experiments. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 216, 365-381.
12. Bendick, R., Bilham, R., Klemperer, S. & Asfaw, L.M. 2006. Distributed Nubia-Somalia relative motion and dike intrusion in the Main Ethiopian Rift. Geophysical Journal International, (in press).
13. Benoit, M.H., Nyblade, A.A., VanDecar, J.C. & Gurrola, H. 2003. Upper mantle P velocity structure and mantle transition zone thickness beneath the Arabian Shield. Geophysical Research Letters, 30, 1153.
14. Bilham, R., Bendick, R., Larson, K., Braun, J., Tesfaye, S., Mohr, P. & Asfaw, L. 1999. Secular and tidal strain across the Ethiopian rift. Geophysical Research Letters, 27, 2789-2984.
15. Bjornsson, A. 1985. Dynamics of crustal rifting in Iceland. Journal of Geophysical Research, 90, 151-162.
16. Boccaletti, M., Bonini, M., Mazzuoli, R., Abebe, B., Piccardi, L. & Tortorici, L. 1998 Quaternary oblique extensional tectonics in the Ethiopian Rift (Horn of Africa). Tectonophysics 287, 97-116.
17. Boccaletti, M., Mazzuoli, R., Bonini, L., Trua, T. & Abebe, B. 1999. Plio-Quaternary volcanotectonic activity in the northern sector of the Main Ethiopian Rift: Relationships with oblique rifting. Journal of African Earth Science, 29, 679-698.
18. Bonini, M., Souriot, T., Boccaletti, M. & Brun, J.P. 1997. Successive orthogonal and oblique extension episodes in a rift zone: Laboratory experiments with application to the Ethiopian rift. Tectonics, 16, 347-362.
19. Buck, W.R. 2004. Consequences of asthenospheric variability on continental rifting. In: Karner, G., Taylor, B., Driscoll, N. & Kohlstedt, B. (eds) Rheology and Deformation of the Lithosphere at Continental Margins. Columbia University Press, pp. 92-137,
20. Bull, J.M., Minshull, T., Mitchell N., Dix, J.K. & Hardardottir, L. 2006. Magmatic and Tectonic History of Icelands Western Rift at Lake Thingvallavatn. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 117, 1451-1465.
21. Calais, E., Ebinger, C., Hartnady, C. & Nocquet, J.M. 2006. Mantle-driven plate motions in the East African Rift? In: Yirgu, G., Ebinger, C.J. & Maguire, P.K.H. (eds) The Afar Volcanic Province within the East African Rift System. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 259, 9-22.
22. Cattin, R., Doubre, C., de Chabalier, J.-B., King, G., Vigny, C., Avouac, J.-P. & Ruegg, J.-C. 2005. Numerical modelling of Quaternary deformation and post-seismic displacement in the Asal-Ghoubbet rift (Djibouti, Africa). Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 239, 352-367.
23. Cervelli, P., Segall, P., Amelung, F., Garbeil, H., Meertens, C., Owen, S., Miklius, A. & Liskowski, M. 2002. The 12 September 1999 upper East Rift Zone dike intrusion at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii. Journal of Geophysical Research, 107, 1029/2001JB000602.
24. Chernet, T., Hart, W., Aronson, J. & Walter, R.C. 1998. New age constraints on the timing of volcanism and tectonism in the northern Main Ethiopian Rift-southern Afar transition zone (Ethiopia). Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 80, 267-280.
25. Chernet, T. 2005. Geological and hydrothermal alteration mapping of the Dofen geothermal prospect and adjacent western escarpment (Ethiopia), Proceedings of the World Geothermal Congress, Antalya, Turkey, 24-29 April 2005.
26. Chu, D.H. & Gordon, R.G. 1999. Evidence for motion between Nubia and Somalia along the Southwest Indian Ridge. Nature, 398, 64-67.
27. Cornwell, D.G., Mackenzie, G., Maguire, P.K.H., England, R., Asfaw, L.M. & Oluma, B. 2006. Northern Main Ethiopian Rift crustal structure from new high precision gravity data. In: Yirgu, G., Ebinger, C.J. & Maguire, P.K.H. (eds) The Afar Volcanic Province within the East African Rift System. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 259, 307-321.
28. Courtillot, V., Armijo, R. & Tapponnier, P. 1987. The Sinai triple junction revisited. Tectonophysics, 141, 181-190.
29. Crouch, S.L. & Starfield, A.M. 1983. Boundary Element Methods in Solid Mechanics. Allen & Unwin, London.
30. De Chabalier, J.-B. & Avouac, J.-P. 1994. Kinematics of the Asal Rift (Djibouti) determined from the deformation of Fieale Volcano. Science, 265, 1677-1681.
31. Delaney, P.T. & Pollard, D. 1981. Deformation of host rocks and flow of magma during growth of minette dykes and breccia-bearing inclusions near Ship Rock, New Mexico. US Geological Survey Professional Paper, 1202.
32. Dugda, M., Nyblade, A., Julia, J., Langston, C.A., Ammon, C. & Simiyu, S. 2005. Crustal structure in Ethiopia and Kenya from receiver function analyses: Implication for rift development in eastern Africa. Journal of Geophysical Research, 110, doi:10.1029/2004JB003065.
33. Ebinger, C.J. & Casey, M. 2001. Continental breakup in magmatic provinces: An Ethiopian example. Geology, 29, 527-530.
34. Ebinger, C., Yemane, T., Harding, D., Tesfaye, S., Rex, D. & Kelley, S. 2000. Rift deflection, migration, and propagation: Linkage of the Ethiopian and Eastern rifts, Africa, Geological Society of America Bulletin, 102, 163-176.
35. Feigl, K., Gasperi, J., Sigmundsson, F. & Rigo, A. 2000. Crustal deformation near Hengill volcano Iceland 1993-1998: Coupling between magmatic activity and faulting inferred from elastic modelling of satellite radar interferometry. Journal of Geophysical Research, 105, 25655-25670.
36. Fernandes, R.M.S., Ambrosius, B.A.C., Noomen, R., Bastus, L., Combrinck, L. Miranda, J.M. & Spakman, W. 2004. Angular velocity of Nubia and Somalia from continuous GPS data: implications on present-day relative kinematics. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 222, 197-208.
37. Furman, T., Bryce, J., Rooney, T., Hanan, B., Yirgu, G. & Ayalew, D. 2006. Heads and tails: 30 million years of the Afar Plume. In: Yirgu, G., Ebinger, C.J. Maguire, P.K.H. (eds) The Afar Volcanic Province within the East African Rift System. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 259, 95-119.
38. Gibson, I. 1967. Preliminary account of the volcanic geology of Fantale, Shoa. Bulletin. Geophysical Observatory Addis Ababa, 10, 59-67.
39. Grant, J.V. & Kattenhorn, S.A. 2004. Evolution of vertical faults at an extensional plate boundary, southwest Iceland. Journal of Structural Geology, 26, 537-557.
40. Gudmundsson, A. 1992. Formation and growth of normal faults at the divergent plate boundary in Iceland. Terra Nova, 4, 464-471.
41. Gupta, A. & Scholz, C.H. 2000. Brittle strain transition in the Afar Depression: Implications for fault growth and seafloor spreading. Geology, 28, 1087-1090.
42. Hayward, N. & Ebinger, C. 1996. Variations in along-axis segmentation of the Afar rift system. Tectonics, 15, 244-257.
43. Hofmann, C., Courtillot, V., Feraud, G., Rochette, P., Yirgu, G., Ketefo, E. & Pik, R. 1997. Timing of the Ethiopian flood basalt event: implications for plume birth and global change. Nature, 389, 838-841.
44. Holbrook, W. & Kelemen, P. 1993. Large igneous province on the US Atlantic margin and implications for magmatism during breakup. Nature, 364, 433-436.
45. Jonsson, S., Einarsson, P. & Sigmundsson, F. 1997. Extension across a divergent plate boundary, the eastern Volcanic Rift Zone, south Iceland, 1967-1994, observed with GPS and electronic distance measurements. Journal of Geophysical Research, 102, 11913-11929.
46. Keir, D., Ebinger, C.J., Stuart, G.W., Daly, E., Ayele, A., Strain accommodation by magmatism and faulting as rifting proceeds to breakup: Seismicity of the nothern Ethiopian rift, in Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, Volume 111, Issue 5, 2006, DOI: 10.1029/2005JB003748.
47. Kendall, J.-M., Stuart, G., Ebinger, C., Bastow, I. & Keir, D., 2005. Magma-assisted rifting in Ethiopia. Nature, 433, 146-148.
48. Keranen, K., Klemperer, S., Gloaguen, R. & Eagle Working Group 2004. Imaging a protoridge axis in the Main Ethiopian Rift. Geology, 39, 949-952.
49. Kidane, T., Ebinger, C., Abebe, B., Platzman, E., Keir, D., Lahitte, P. & Rochette, P. 2006. Palaeomagnetic constraints on continental breakup processes: Observations from the Main Ethiopian Rift. In: Yirgu, G., Ebinger, C.J. & Maguire, P.K.H. (eds) The Afar Volcanic Province within the East African Rift System. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 259, 165-183.
50. Kieffer, B., Arndt, N., et al. 2004. Flood and shield basalts from Ethiopia: Magmas from the African superswell. Journal of Petrology, 45, 793-834.
51. Korenaga, J., Holbrook, W.S., et al. 2000. Crustal structure of the southeast Greenland margin from joint refraction and reflection seismic tomography. Journal of Geophysical Research, 105, 21591-21614.
52. Maguire, P.K.H., Keller, G. et al. 2006. Crustal structure of the northern MER from the EAGLE controlled source survey: Snapshot of incipient lithospheric breakup. In: Yirgu, G., Ebinger, C.J. & Maguire, P.K.H. (eds) The Afar Volcanic Province within the East African Rift System. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 259, 269-291.
53. Mackenzie, G., Thybo, H. & Maguire, P.K.H. 2005. Crustal velocity structure across the Main Ethiopian Rift: Results from two-dimensional wide-angle seismic modelling. Geophysical Journal International, 162, 994-1006.
54. Mandl, G. 1987. Discontinuous fault zones. Journal of Structural Geology, 9, 105-110.
55. Manighetti, I., Tapponnier, P., Courtillot, V., Gruszow, S. & Gillot, P.-Y. 1997. Propagation of rifting along the Arabia-Somalia plate boundary: The gulfs of Aden and Tadjoura. Journal of Geophysical Research, 102, 2681-2710.
56. Meyer, W., Pilger, A., Rosler, A. & Stets, J. 1975. Tectonic evolution of the northern part of the Main Ethiopian Rift. In: Pilger, A. & Rösler, A. (eds) Afar Depression of Ethiopia, Schweizerbart, Stuttgart.
57. Mohr, P.A. 1962. The Ethiopian Rift System. Bulletin of the Geophysical Observatory, Addis Ababa, 5, 33-62.
58. Mohr, P.A. 1968. Transcurrent faulting in the Ethiopian Rift System. Nature, 218, 938-941.
59. Montelli, R., Nolet, G., Dahlen, F.A., Engdahl, E.R. & Hung, S.H. 2004. Finitefrequency tomography reveals a variety of plumes in the mantle. Science, 303, 338-343.
60. Morton, W.H., Rex, D.C., Mitchell, J.G. & Mohr, P.A. 1979. Riftward younging of volcanic units in the Addis Ababa region, Ethiopian Rift valley. Nature, 280, 284-288.
61. Pik, R., Marty, B., Carignan, J. & Lave, J. 2003. Stability of the Upper Nile drainage network (Ethiopia) deduced from (U-Th)/He thermochronometry: Implications for uplift and erosion of the Afar plume dome. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 215, 73-88.
62. Pizzi, A., Coltorti, M., Abebe, B., Disperati, L., Sacchi, G. & Salvini, R. 2006. The Wonji fault belt (Main Ethiopian Rift): Structural and geomorphological constraints and GPS monitoring. In: Yirgu, G., Ebinger, C.J. & Maguire, P.K.H. (eds) The Afar Volcanic Province within the East African Rift System. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 259, 191-207.
63. Rooney, T., Furman, T., Yirgu, G. & Ayalew, D. 2005. Structure of the Ethiopian lithosphere: Evidence from mantle xenoliths. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 69, 3889-3910.
64. Rubin, A. 1992. Dike-induced faulting and graben subsidence in volcanic rift zones. Journal of Geophysical Research, 97, 1839-1858.
65. Rubin, A.M. & Pollard, D.D. 1988. Dike induced faulting in rift zones in Iceland and Afar. Geology, 16, 413-317.
66. Sigmundsson, F., Einarsson, P., Rognvaldsson, S.T., Foulger, G.R., Hodgkinson, K.R. & Thorbergsson, G. 1997. The 1994-1995 seismicity and deformation at the Hengill triple junction, Iceland: Triggering of earthquakes by minor magma injection in a zone of horizontal shear stress. Journal of Geophysical Research, 102, 15151-15161.
67. Stuart, G., Bastow, I. & Ebinger, C. 2006. Crustal structure of the northern Main Ethiopian Rift from receiver function studies. In: Yirgu, G., Ebinger, C.J. & Maguire, P.K.H. (eds) The Afar Volcanic Province within the East African Rift System. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 259, 253-267.
68. Tesfaye, S., Harding, D.J. & Kusky, T. 2003. Early continental breakup boundary and migration of the Afar Triple Junction, Ethiopia. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 115, 1053-1067.
69. Tiberi, C., Ebinger, C., Ballu, V., Stuart, G. & Oluma, B. 2005. Inverse models of gravity data from the Red Sea-Aden-East African Rifts triple junction zone. Geophysical Journal International, 163, 775-787.
70. Williams, F., Williams, M. & Aumento, F. 2004. Tensional fissures and crustal extension rates in the northern part of the Main Ethiopian Rift. Journal of African Earth Sciences, 38, 183-197.
71. WoldeGabriel, G., Aronson J. & Walter, R. 1990. Geology, geochronology, and rift basin development in the central sector of the Main Ethiopian Rift. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 102, 439-458.
72. Wolfenden, E., Ebinger, C., Yirgu, G., Deino, A. & Ayalew, D. 2004. Evolution of the northern Main Ethiopian Rift: Birth of a triple junction. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 224, 213-228.
73. Wolfenden, E., Ebinger, C., Yirgu, G., Renne, P. & Kelley, S.P. 2005, Evolution of the southern Red Sea rift: Birth of a magmatic margin. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 117, 846-864.
74. Wright, D.J., Haymon, R.M. & Fornari, D.J. 1995. Crustal fissuring and its relationship to magmatic and hydrothermal processes on the East Pacific Rise crest (9-degrees-12′ to 54′ N), Journal of Geophysical Research, 100, 6097-6120.