Facial symmetry and judgements of attractiveness, health and personality

Personality and Individual Differences

Volumn 41, Issue 3, 2006, Pages 491-499

  Fink, Bernhard ^a   Neave, Nick ^b   Manning, John T ^c   Grammer, Karl ^d  

^a Institute for Zoology and Anthropology   (Germany)

^b NORTHUMBRIA UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^c UNIVERSITY OF CENTRAL LANCASHIRE   (United Kingdom)

^d LUDWIG BOLTZMANN INSTITUTE FOR LUNG VASCULAR RESEARCH   (Austria)

Author keywords

Attractiveness; Attributes; Face; Personality; Symmetry

Indexed keywords

EID: 33745753393     PISSN: 01918869     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2006.01.017     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. Enquist M., and Arak A. Symmetry, beauty and evolution. Nature 72 6502 (1994) 169-172
2. Enquist M., and Johnstone R.A. Generalization and the evolution of symmetry preferences. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences 264 (1997) 1345-1348
3. Fink B., Grammer K., and Thornhill R. Human (Homo sapiens) facial attractiveness in relation to skin texture and color. Journal of Comparative Psychology 115 1 (2001) 92-99
4. Fink B., Neave N., Manning J.T., and Grammer K. Facial symmetry and the 'big-five' personality factors. Personality and Individual Differences 39 3 (2005) 523-529
5. Folstad I., and Karter A.J. Parasites, bright males and the immunocompetence handicap. American Naturalist 139 (1992) 603-622
6. Gangestad S.W., and Thornhill R. Human sexual selection and developmental stability. In: Simpson J.A., and Kenrick D.T. (Eds). Evolutionary social psychology (1997), Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Mahwah, New Jersey 169-196
7. Gangestad S.W., and Thornhill R. Facial masculinity and fluctuating asymmetry. Evolution and Human Behavior 24 4 (2003) 231-241
8. Grammer K., Fink B., Møller A.P., and Manning J.T. Physical Attractiveness and Health: comment on Weeden and Sabini (2005). Psychological Bulletin 131 5 (2005) 658-661
9. Grammer K., Fink B., Møller A.P., and Thornhill R. Darwinian aesthetics: sexual selection and the biology of beauty. Biological Reviews 78 3 (2003) 385-407
10. Grammer K., and Thornhill R. Human (Homo sapiens) facial attractiveness and sexual selection: The role of symmetry and averageness. Journal of Comparative Psychology 108 3 (1994) 233-242
11. Hughes S.M., Dispenza F., and Gallup Jr. G.C. Ratings of voice attractiveness predict sexual behavior and body configuration. Evolution and Human Behavior 25 5 (2002) 295-304
12. Johnstone R.A. Female preference for symmetrical males as a by-product of selection for mate recognition. Nature 372 6502 (1994) 172-175
13. Jones B.C., Little A.C., Penton-Voak I.S., Tiddeman B.P., Burt D.M., and Perrett D.I. Facial symmetry and judgements of apparent health: support for a "good genes" explanation of the attractiveness-symmetry relationship. Evolution and Human Behavior 22 6 (2001) 417-429
14. Jones B.C., Little A.C., Feinberg D.R., Penton-Voak I.S., Tiddeman B.P., and Perrett D.I. The relationship between shape symmetry and perceived skin condition in male facial attractiveness. Evolution and Human Behavior 25 1 (2004) 24-30
15. Koehler N., Simmons L.W., Rhodes G., and Peters M. The relationship between sexual dimorphism in human faces and fluctuating asymmetry. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences 271 Supplement 4 (2004) 233-236
16. Little A.C., Bust D.M., Penton-Voak I.S., and Perrett D.I. Self-perceived attractiveness influences human female preferences for sexual dimorphism and symmetry in male faces. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences 268 (2001) 39-44
17. Little A.C., and Jones B.C. Evidence against perceptual bias views for symmetry preferences in human faces. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences 270 (2003) 1759-1763
18. Livshits G., and Kobyliansky E. Fluctuating asymmetry as a possible measure of developmental homeostasis in humans: a review. Human Biology 63 (1991) 441-466
19. Manning J.T. Fluctuating asymmetry and body weight in men and women: implications for sexual selection. Ethology and Sociobiology 16 (1995) 145-153
20. Manning J.T., Scutt D., Whitehouse G.H., Leinster S.J., and Walton J.M. Asymmetry and the menstrual cycle in women. Ethology and Sociobiology 17 2 (1996) 129-143
21. Møller A.P., and Swaddle J.P. Asymmetry, developmental stability, and evolution (1997), Oxford University Press, Oxford
22. Noor F., and Evans D.C. The effect of facial symmetry on perceptions of personality and attractiveness. Journal of Research in Personality 37 (2003) 339-347
23. Penton-Voak I.S., Jones B.C., Little A.C., Baker S., Tiddeman B., Burt D.M., et al. Symmetry, sexual dimorphism in facial proportions and male facial attractiveness. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences 268 (2001) 1617-1623
24. Perrett D.I., Burt M., Penton-Voak I.S., Lee K.J., Rowland D.A., and Edwards R. Symmetry and human facial attractiveness. Evolution and Human Behavior 20 5 (1999) 295-307
25. Pierce C.A., Block R.A., and Aguinis H. Cautionary note on reporting eta-squared values from multifactor ANOVA designs. Educational and Psychological Measurement 64 6 (2004) 916-924
26. Rhodes G., Yoshikawa S., Clark A., Lee K., McKay R., and Akamatsu S. Attractiveness of facial averageness and symmetry in non-western cultures: in search of biologically based standards of beauty. Perception 30 (2001) 611-625
27. Rhodes G., Zebrowitz L.A., Clark A.C., Kalick S.M., Hightower A., and McKay R. Do facial averageness and symmetry signal health?. Evolution and Human Behavior 22 1 (2001) 31-46
28. Rikowski A., and Grammer K. Human body odour, symmetry and attractiveness. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences 266 (1999) 869-874
29. Scheib J.E., Gangestad S.W., and Thornhill R. Facial attractiveness, symmetry and cues of good genes. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences 266 (1999) 1913-1917
30. Shackelford T.K., and Larsen R.J. Facial asymmetry as an indicator of psychological, emotional and physiological distress. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 72 (1997) 456-466
31. Simmons L.W., Rhodes G., Peters M., and Koehler N. Are human preferences for facial symmetry focused on signals of developmental instability?. Behavioral Ecology 15 5 (2004) 864-871
32. Thornhill R., and Gangestad S.W. Human fluctuating asymmetry and sexual behavior. Psychological Science 5 (1994) 297-302
33. Thornhill R., and Gangestad S.W. Facial attractiveness. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 3 12 (1999) 452-460
34. Thornhill R., and Gangestad S.W. Facial sexual dimorphism, developmental stability, and susceptibility to disease in men and women. Evolution and Human Behavior 27 2 (2006) 131-144
35. Thornhill R., Gangestad S.W., and Comer R. Human female orgasm and mate fluctuating asymmetry. Animal Behaviour 50 (1995) 1601-1615
36. Thornhill R., and Moller A.P. Developmental stability, disease and medicine. Biological Reviews 72 4 (1997) 497-548
37. Toveè M.J., Tasker K., and Benson P.J. Is symmetry a visual cue to attractiveness in the human female body?. Evolution and Human Behavior 21 3 (2000) 191-200
38. Weeden J., and Sabini J. Physical attractiveness and health in Western societies: a review. Psychological Bulletin 131 5 (2005) 635-653
39. Zaidel D.W., Aarde S.M., and Baig K. Appearance of symmetry, beauty, and health in human faces. Brain and Cognition 57 3 (2005) 261-263