Neurobiological implications of eating healthy and its association with pleasure

Neuroendocrinology Letters

Volumn 27, Issue 1-2, 2006, Pages 21-33

  Esch, Tobias ^a,b   Kim, Jae Won ^b   Stefano, George B ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF APPLIED SCIENCES   (Germany)

^b STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK   (United States)

Author keywords

Alcohol; Brain; Cocaine; Eating; Endogenous morphine; Food; Health; Nicotine; Pleasure; Reward; Stress; Wellness

Indexed keywords

ENDORPHIN; MORPHINE; MU OPIATE RECEPTOR; OPIATE AGONIST; OPIATE RECEPTOR;

APPETITE; AUTOREGULATION; CALORIC INTAKE; CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM; EMOTION; FEEDBACK SYSTEM; FEEDING BEHAVIOR; FOOD AVERSION; FOOD INTAKE; HEALTH STATUS; HUMAN; HUNGER; MOTIVATION; NEUROPHYSIOLOGY; REVIEW; REWARD; SATIETY; SATISFACTION; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; SURVIVAL; WELLBEING;

EID: 33745676984     PISSN: 0172780X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (91)

1. Esch T, Stefano GB. The neurobiology of pleasure, reward processes, addiction and their health implications. Neuroendocrinology Letters 2004; 25:235-51.
2. Esch T. [Stress, adaptation, and self-organization: balancing processes facilitate health and survival]. Forsch Komplementarmed Klass Naturheilkd 2003; 10:330-41.
3. Esch T, Stefano GB. Proinflammation: A common denominator or initiator of different pathophysiological disease processes. Medical Science Monitor 2002; 8:1-9.
4. Esch T, Stefano GB, Fricchione GL, Benson H. Stress-related diseases: A potential role for nitric oxide. Medical Science Monitor 2002; 8:RA103-RA118.
5. Stefano GB, Scharrer B. Endogenous morphine and related opiates, a new class of chemical messengers. Adv Neuroimmunol 1994; 4:57-68.
6. Zhu W, Baggerman G, Goumon Y, Casares F, Brownawell B, Stefano GB. Presence of morphine and morphine-6-glucuronide in the marine mollusk Mytilus edulis ganglia determined by GC/MS and Q-TOF-MS. Starvation increases opiate alkaloid levels. Brain Res Mol Brain Res 2001; 88:155-60.
7. Goumon Y, Casares F, Zhu W, Stefano GB. The presence of morphine in ganglionic tissues of Modiolus deminissus: A highly sensitive method of quantitation for morphine and its derivatives. Mol Brain Res 2001; 86:184-8.
8. Stefano GB, Goumon Y, Casares F, Cadet P, Fricchione GL, Rialas C et al. Endogenous morphine. Trends in Neurosciences 2000; 9:436-42.
9. Stefano GB, Digenis A, Spector S, Leung MK, Bilfinger TV, Makman MH et al. Opiate-like substances in an invertebrate, a novel opiate receptor on invertebrate and human immunocytes, and a role in immunosuppression. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1993; 90:11099-103.
10. Stefano GB, Esch T, Cadet P, Zhu W, Mantione K, Benson H. Endocannabinoids as autoregulatory signaling molecules: Coupling to nitric oxide and a possible association with the relaxation response. Med Sci Monit 2003; 9:RA63-RA75.
11. Stefano GB, Fricchione GL, Goumon Y, Esch T. Pain, immunity, opiate and opioid compounds and health. Medical Science Monitor 2005; 11:MS47-MS53.
12. Donnerer J, Oka K, Brossi A, Rice KC, Spector S. Presence and formation of codeine and morphine in the rat. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1986; 83:4566-7.
13. Lee CS, Spector S. Changes of endogenous morphine and codeine contents in the fasting rat. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1991; 257:647-50.
14. Epple A, Nibbio B, Spector S, Brinn J. Endogenous codeine: autocrine regulator of catecholamine release from chromaffin cells. Life Sci 1994; 54:695-702.
15. Zhu W, Ma Y, Cadet P, Yu D, Bilfinger TV, Bianchi E et al. Presence of reticuline in rat brain: A pathway for morphine biosynthesis. Mol Brain Res 2003; 117:83-90.
16. Casares FM, McElroy A, Mantione KJ, Baggerman G, Zhu W, Stefano GB. The American lobster, Homarus americanus, contains morphine that is coupled to nitric oxide release in its nervous and immune tissues: Evidence for neurotransmitter and hormonal signaling. Neuroendocrinology Letters 2005; 26:89-97.
17. Brix-Christensen V, Tonnesen E, Sanchez RG, Bilfinger TV, Stefano GB. Endogenous morphine levels increase following cardiac surgery as part of the antiinflammatory response? Int J Cardiol 1997; 62:191-7.
18. Stefano GB, Goumon Y, Bilfinger TV, Welters I, Cadet P. Basal nitric oxide limits immune, nervous and cardiovascular excitation: Human endothelia express a mu opiate receptor. Progress in Neurobiology 2000; 60:531-44.
19. Stefano GB, Zhu W, Cadet P, Mantione K. Morphine enhances nitric oxide release in the mammalian gastrointestinal tract via the μ3 opiate receptor subtype: A hormonal role for endogenous morphine. Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 2004; 55:279-88.
20. Zhu W, Mantione KJ, Shen L, Cadet P, Esch T, Goumon Y et al. Tyrosine and tyramine increase endogenous ganglionic morphine and dopamine levels in vitro and in vivo: CYP2D6 and tyrosine hydroxylase modulation demonstrates a dopamine coupling. Medical Science Monitor 2005; 11:BR397-BR404.
21. Cadet P, Zhu W, Mantione K, Rymer M, Dardik I, Reisman S et al. Cyclic exercise induces anti-inflammatory signal molecule increases in the plasma of Parkinson's patients. Int J Mol Med 2003; 12:485-92.
22. Matsubara K, Fukushima S, Akane A, Kobayashi S, Shiono, H. Increased urinary morphine, codeine and tetrahydropapaveroline in parkinsonian patient undergoing L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine therapy: a possible biosynthetic pathway of morphine from L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine in humans. Journal of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics 1992; 260:974-8.
23. Fricchione GL, Stefano GB. Placebo neural systems: Nitric oxide, morphine and the dopamine brain reward and motivation circuitries. Medical Science Monitor 2005; 11:MS54-MS65.
24. Stefano GB, Fricchione GL, Slingsby BT, Benson H. The placebo effect and relaxation response: Neural processes and their coupling to constitutive nitric oxide. Brain Research: Brain Research Reviews 2001; 35:1-19.
25. Zhu W, Cadet P, Baggerman G, Mantione KJ, Stefano GB. Human white blood cells synthesize morphine: CYP2D6 modulation. Journal of Immunology 2005; 175:7357-62.
26. Stefano GB. Autoimmunovascular regulation: Morphine and anandamide stimulated nitric oxide release. Journal of Neuroimmunology 1998; 83:70-6.
27. Cadet P, Mantione KJ, Stefano GB. Molecular identification and functional expression of mu3, a novel alternatively spliced variant of the human mu opiate receptor gene. Journal of Immunology 2003; 170:5118-23.
28. Salamon E, Esch T, Stefano GB. The role of the amygdala in mediating sexual and emotional behavior via coupled nitric oxide release. Acta Pharmacologica Sinica 2005; 26:389-95.
29. Zhu W, Ma Y, Bell A, Esch T, Guarna M, Bilfinger TV et al. Presence of morphine in rat amygdala: Evidence for the mu3 opiate receptor subtype via nitric oxide release in limbic structures. Med Sci Monit 2004; 10:BR433-BR439.
30. Esch T, Guarna M, Bianchi E, Zhu W, Stefano GB. Commonalities in the central nervous system's involvement with complementary medical therapies: Limbic morphinergic processes. Medical Science Monitor 2004; 10:MS6-MS17.
31. Bartels A, Zeki S. The neural correlates of maternal and romantic love. Neuroimage 2004; 21:1155-66.
32. Esch T, Stefano GB.The Neurobiology of Love. Neuroendocrinology Letters 2005; 26:175-92.
33. Esch T, Stefano GB. Love Promotes Health. Neuroendocrinology Letters 2005; 26:264-7.
34. Stefano GB, Esch T. Love and stress (Editorial). Neuroendocrinology Letters 2005; 26:173-4.
35. Stefano GB, Fricchione GL. The biology of deception: Emotion and morphine. Med Hypotheses 1995; 49:51-4.
36. Fricchione GL, Mendoza A, Stefano GB. Morphine and its psychiatric implications. Adv Neuroimmunol 1994; 4:117-32.
37. Moles A, Kieffer BL, D'Amato FR. Deficit in attachment behavior in mice lacking the mu-opioid receptor gene. Science 2004; 304:1983-6.
38. Guarna M, Ghelardini C, Galeotti N, Bartolini A, Noli L, Neri C et al. Effects of endogenous morphine deprivation on memory retention of passive avoidance learning in mice. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2004; 7:311-9.
39. Stefano GB, Esch T. Integrative medical therapy: examination of meditation's therapeutic and global medicinal outcomes via nitric oxide (review). Int J Mol Med 2005; 16:621-30.
40. Kringelbach ML. Food for thought: hedonic experience beyond homeostasis in the human brain. Neuroscience 2004; 126:807-19.
41. Bozarth MA. Pleasure systems in the brain. In: Wartburton DM, editors. Pleasure: The politics and the reality. New York: Wiley & Sons; 1994.
42. Troland LT. The fundamentals of human motivation. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold; 1928.
43. Hui KKS, Liu J, Makris N, Gollub RL, Chen AJW, Moore CI et al. Acupuncture modulates the limbic system and subcortical gray structures of the human brain: Evidence from fMRI studies in normal subjects. Human Brain Mapping 2000; 9:13-25.
44. Davidson RJ, Irwin W. The functional neuroanatomy of emotion and affective style. Trends Cogn Sci 1999; 3:11-21.
45. Esch T. [Music medicine: Music in association with harm and healing]. Musikphysiol Musikermed 2003; 10:213-24.
46. Esch T, Guarna M, Bianchi E, Stefano GB. Meditation and limbic processes. Biofeedback 2004; 32:22-7.
47. Rodriguez S, Fernandez MC, Cepeda-Benito A, Vila J. Subjective and physiological reactivity to chocolate images in high and low chocolate cravers. Biol Psychol 2005; 70:9-18.
48. Small DM, Zatorre RJ, Dagher A, Evans AC, Jones-Gotman M. Changes in brain activity related to eating chocolate: From pleasure to aversion. Brain 2001; 124:1720-33.
49. Nestler EJ. Molecular basis of long-term plasticity underlying addiction. Nat Rev Neurosci 2001; 2:119-28.
50. Nestler EJ, Malenka RC, Hyman SE. Molecular basis of neuropharmacology. Columbus: McGraw-Hill; 2001.
51. Nestler EJ, Malenka RC. The addicted brain. Sci Am 2004; 290:78-85.
52. Bozarth MA. Ventral tegmental reward system. In: Oreland L, Engel J, editors. Brain reward systems and abuse. New York: Raven Press; 1987.
53. Esch T. [Health in stress: Change in the stress concept and its significance for prevention, health and life style]. Gesundheitswesen 2002; 64:73-81.
54. Cagniard B, Balsam PD, Brunner D, Zhuang X. Mice with Chronically Elevated Dopamine Exhibit Enhanced Motivation, but not Learning, for a Food Reward. Neuropsychopharmacology 2005;
55. Doyle TG, Berridge KC, Gosnell BA. Morphine enhances hedonic taste palatability in rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1993; 46:745-9.
56. Kelley AE, Baldo BA, Pratt WE, Will MJ. Corticostriatal-hypothalamic circuitry and food motivation: integration of energy, action and reward. Physiol Behav 2005; 86:773-95.
57. Pecina S, Berridge KC. Hedonic hot spot in nucleus accumbens shell, where do mu-opioids cause increased hedonic impact of sweetness? J Neurosci 2005; 25:11777-86.
58. de la Fuente-Fernandez R, Schulzer M, Stoessl AJ. The placebo effect in neurological disorders. Lancet Neurol 2002; 1:85-91.
59. Gil-Verona JA, Pastor JF, de Paz F, Barbosa M, Macias-Fernandez JA, Maniega MA et al. [Neurobiology of addiction to drugs of abuse]. Rev Neurol 2003; 36:361-5.
60. Esch T, Stefano GB. An overview of stress and its impact in immunological diseases. Modern Aspects of Immunobiology 2002; 2:187-92.
61. Esch T, Stefano GB, Fricchione GL, Benson H. Stress in cardiovascular diseases. Medical Science Monitor 2002; 8:RA93-RA101.
62. Esch T, Stefano GB, Fricchione GL, Benson H. The role of stress in neurodegenerative diseases and mental disorders. Neuroendocrinology Letters 2002; 23:199-208.
63. Dallman MF, Pecoraro NC, la Fleur SE. Chronic stress and comfort foods: self-medication and abdominal obesity. Brain Behav Immun 2005; 19:275-80.
64. Stefano GB, Benson H, Fricchione GL, Esch T. The Stress Response: Always good and when it is bad. New York: Medical Science International; 2005.
65. Berridge KC. Food reward: brain substrates of wanting and liking. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 1996; 20:1-25.
66. Zhu W, Mantione KJ, Shen L, Lee B, Stefano GB. Norlaudanosoline and nicotine increase endogenous ganglionic morphine levels: Nicotine addiction. Cellular & Molecular Neurobiology 2006; In press.
67. Hurt RD. New medications for nicotine dependence treatment. Nicotine Tob Res 1999; 1 Suppl 2:S175-S179.
68. Shinohara M, Mizushima H, Hirano M, Shioe K, Nakazawa M, Hiejima Y et al. Eating disorders with binge-eating behaviour are associated with the s allele of the 3′-UTR VNTR polymorphism of the dopamine transporter gene. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2004; 29:134-7.
69. Small DM, Jones-Gotman M, Dagher A. Feeding-induced dopamine release in dorsal striatum correlates with meal pleasantness ratings in healthy human volunteers. Neuroimage 2003; 19:1709-15.
70. Heaton JP, Adams MA. Update on central function relevant to sex: remodeling the basis of drug treatments for sex and the brain. Int J Impot Res 2003; 15 Suppl 5:S25-S32.
71. Vetulani J. Drug addiction. Part II. Neurobiology of addiction. Pol J Pharmacol 2001; 53:303-17.
72. Routtenberg A, Lindy J. Effects of the availability of rewarding septal and hypothalamic stimulation on bar pressing for food under conditions of deprivation. J Comp Physiol Psychol 1965; 60:158-61.
73. Caton SJ, Marks JE, Hetherington MM. Pleasure and alcohol: manipulating pleasantness and the acute effects of alcohol on food intake. Physiol Behav 2005; 84:371-7.
74. Willner P, Healy S. Decreased hedonic responsiveness during a brief depressive mood swing. J Affect Disord 1994; 32:13-20.
75. Ottley C. Food and mood. Nurs Stand 2000; 15:46-52.
76. Kelley AE, Bakshi VP, Haber SN, Steininger TL, Will MJ, Zhang M. Opioid modulation of taste hedonics within the ventral striatum. Physiol Behav 2002; 76:365-77.
77. Bluthe RM, Pawlowski M, Suarez S, Parnet P, Pittman Q, Kelley KW et al. Synergy between tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-1 in the induction of sickness behavior in mice. Psychoneuroendocrinol 1994; 19:197-207.
78. Melchior JC, Fantino M, Colas-Linhart N, Rigaud D, Petiet A, Laforest MD et al. Lack of plasmic beta-endorphin response to a gastronomic meal in healthy humans. Physiol Behav 1991; 49:1217-21.
79. Stefano GB. Endocannabinoid immune and vascular signaling. Acta Pharmacologica Sinica 2000; 21:1071-81.
80. Stefano GB, Zhu W, Cadet P, Salamon E, Mantione KJ. Music alters constitutively expressed opiate and cytokine processes in listeners. Medical Science Monitor 2004; 10:MS18-MS27.
81. Esch T. Musical healing in mental disorders. In: Stefano GB, Bernstein SR, Kim M, editors. Musical healing. Warsaw: Medical Science International; 2003.
82. Davidson RJ, Kabat-Zinn J, Schumacher J, Rosenkranz M, Muller D, Santorelli SF et al. Alterations in brain and immune function produced by mindfulness meditation. Psychosom Med 2003; 65:564-70.
83. Esch T, Fricchione GL, Stefano GB. The therapeutic use of the relaxation response in stress-related diseases. Medical Science Monitor 2003; 9:RA23-RA34.
84. Esch T. [The significance of stress for the cardiovascular system: Stress-associated cardiovascular diseases and non-pharmaceutical therapy options]. Apothekenmagazin 2003; 21:8-15.
85. Campbell A. The limbic system and emotion in relation to acupuncture. Acupuncture in Medicine 1999; 17:124-8.
86. Pecina S, Berridge KC. Central enhancement of taste pleasure by intraventricular morphine. Neurobiology (Bp) 1995; 3:269-80.
87. Lindblom J, Johansson A, Holmgren A, Grandin E, Nedergard C, Fredriksson R et al. Increased mRNA levels of tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine transporter in the VTA of male rats after chronic food restriction. Eur J Neurosci 2006; 23:180-6.
88. Roininen K, Lahteenmaki L, Tuorila H. Quantification of consumer attitudes to health and hedonic characteristics of foods. Appetite 1999; 33:71-88.
89. Rappoport L, Peters GR, Downey R, McCann T, Huff-Corzine L. Gender and age differences in food cognition. Appetite 1993; 20:33-52.
90. Stefano GB. Endogenous morphine: A role in wellness medicine. Med Sci Monit 2004; 10:ED5.
91. Esch T. Endocannabinoid signaling in stress, medicine and wellness. Med Sci Monit 2005; 11:ED3-ED5.